高中数学必修2第1章立体几何初步复习讲义
防溺水儿歌(优秀范文10首) 我防溺水有高招，大人陪伴第一招。 私自游泳很危险，不去深水很重要。 我防溺水有高招，游前热身第二招。 伸手踢腿弯弯腰，预备动作不可少。 我防溺水有高招，解除抽筋第三招。 赶紧上岸很重要，喝补糖水解疲
第一章立体几何体（一）空间几何体的结构特征（1）多面体——由若干个平面多边形围成的几何体.围成多面体的各个多边形叫叫做多面体的面，相邻两个面的公共边叫做多面体的棱，棱与棱的公共点叫做顶点。旋转体——把一个平面图形绕它所在平面内的一条定直线旋
简介：高中英语语法专题讲解附练习题定语从句一、简介:例：Maryisashycollegestudentinpublic.Maryisacollegestudent,whoisshyinpublic.acollegestudent:先行词who:引导词（关系词）1.引导词和先行词关系：同一、指代、大名小名。2.定义：从句修饰一个名词或代词（后置），起修饰或限制作用。任何从句一定要有引导词。引导词（关系词）要翻译成先行词。3.单句：六大句式结构都是单句。并列句：两个单句放在一起，中间用and、but、or连接。（注意：逗号不能连接两个并列的单句。）因此，上句可改为Maryisacollegestudent,andsheisshyinpublic.复合句：有主句、从句的句子。主句和从句相伴，从句不能独立存在。二、关系词的分类:关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词（6个）who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语、表语which物或事主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语 as人或物或事主语、宾语、表语whose=ofwhom/ofwhich人或物定语关系副词（3个）when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语三、具体用法：(一)关系代词：1.指人的：________、________、________.（主宾）（who、whom、that）1)Thekid________issittingonthechairismycousin.（who）2)Thetrafficpolicewoman________youshookhandswithjustnowismyniece.（who/whom/省略）注意：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。2.指物的：________、________.（主宾）（which、that）1)Thehotel____wecheckedinlastnightiscomfortabletostayin.（that/which/省略）2)Thepark________wasbuiltupfiveyearsagoisonlyfiftymetersawayfrommyhome.（which/that）总结：确定关系词的步骤1）关系词一定能够放在定语从句中； 2）找到这个位置；3）判定（在定语从句中）所做的成分：如果是主宾，则关系代词，再看指人还是指物；如果是状语，则关系副词，再看是时间、地点、还是原因；如果是定语，只能用whose。难点：分清楚哪个是主句，哪个是从句。（1.明白意思是关键；2.句子结构）(二)关系副词：________、________、_________.（状语）（when、where、why）利用以上步骤总结，做下面的三组句子：1)Ineverforgetthedays__________Istayedwithher.2)Ineverforgetthedays__________Ispentstudyingabroadalone.3)Theworld__________wearelivingispeaceful.4)Theworld__________wearelivinginispeaceful.5)Thereason__________hegavehisbossisreasonable.6)Thereason__________hewasnotpresentatthelectureisthathewasill.答案：1）when2）that/which/省略3）where4）that/which/省略5）that/which/省略6）why四、其他：1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：Ihaveayoungerbrotherwho/thatjoinedthearmylastyear. (不止一个兄弟)Ihaveayoungerbrother,whojoinedthearmylastyear.（只有一个兄弟）区别：1）有逗号的是非限；2）非限中的先行词是独一无二的；3）非限中不能用that。2.介词+关系______词：（代）指人只用whom；指物只用which。Theladyhasthreesons,twoof______arestudyingabroad.（whom）Theladyhasthreesons,andtwoof______arestudyingabroad.（them）Patience,without______wecan’tdoworkwell,isagoodquality.（which）Romewasnotbuiltinaday.成功并非一朝一夕的事。3.whose：既可指物也可指人，只做定语。Theelderly______hairisgrayismyfather.（whose）Thehouse______windowsfacewestismyhome.（whose）所有格有两种：1）one’s所有格（mybook）2）of所有格（thebookofmine），因此，whose也可以换成of所有格的形式：whosehair=thehairof______（介词+关系代词）（whom）whosewindows=thewindowsof______（which）4.as和which（为什么放在一起？）1）都可指代整个句子的内容； 2）as句首、句中，which只可句中；3）as常翻译为“正如”，which常翻译为“这件事、这一点”。Thenaughtykidfoughtagainstotherkids,whichmadehisfatherannoyed.Don’tjudgeabookbyit’scover,astheoldsayinggoes.5.三个词组：1）such……as…….像……一样（同一类）2）thesame……as……像……一样（同一类）3）thesame……that……就是那一个的（同一个）Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他并不像看上去的那样是个傻瓜。Iwanttobuythesamewatchasyouarewearing.我想买一块和你戴的一样的手表。Iwanttobuythesamewatchthatyouarewearing.我就想买你戴的那块手表。6.theway（为啥要单列出来讲解？）：1）做先行词；2）表“方式”；3）在定语从句中做状语。三个条件同时具备，其关系词用：that、inwhich、或省略，皆可。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/省略youtreatedmejustnow.五、与which、who相比，只用that的五种情况：1.先行词是不定代词时。（什么是不定代词？举例说明）Allthatshinesisnotgold.（怎么翻译？）部分否定 注意：all、both与not连用时是部分否定。其全部否定为：（all）none、（both）neither2.先行词被theonly、thevery（恰好的）、thelast修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.ThisistheveryhousethatIhavebeenlookingfor.Allthatglittersisnotgold. 闪光的未必都是金子。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonistheKangheBridge.ThisisthemostfrighteningmoviethatIhaveseensofar.4.先行词既是人又是物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandaffairsthattheycouldrememberatschool.5.在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?Whoisthegirlthattalkedwithyoujustnow?翻译：Whoisthegirl?（姓名或者和你的关系）Whatisthegirl?（职业）小试身手:1.Heistheman________Isawyesterday.2.Doyouknowthegirl________Japaneseisexcellent？3.Thisistheverybook________Iwant.4.Thisisthebook________youarelookingfor. 5.Here’sthelittleboy________heislookingafter.6.Iearnonly1000dollarsamonth,halfof________isspentonclothing.7.YaoMingisafamousbasketballstar,________everybodyknows.8.Beijingistheplace________Iwasborn.9.Istillrememberthetime________Ifirsttravelledbyplane.10.Idon’twanttolistentoanyreason________youwereabsent.11.Thisnovel,________Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.12.Ihaveanelderbrother,________worksinBeijing.13.________weallknow,shecanspeakthreeforeignlanguages.14.Ihaveinvitedmorethanonehundredfriendstotheparty,mostof________arefromabroad.15.Everything________theysaidwastrue.16.Thisisthemostinterestingstory________Ihaveeverread.17.Theyear________theearthquakehappenedwas1976.18.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplaces____impressedhermost.19.Helivesinaroom________windowfacessouth.20.HelivesinBeijing,________isaboutfivehours’ridefromhere.
简介：高中英语语法专题讲解附练习题定语从句一、简介:例：Maryisashycollegestudentinpublic.Maryisacollegestudent,whoisshyinpublic.acollegestudent:先行词who:引导词（关系词）1.引导词和先行词关系：同一、指代、大名小名。2.定义：从句修饰一个名词或代词（后置），起修饰或限制作用。任何从句一定要有引导词。引导词（关系词）要翻译成先行词。3.单句：六大句式结构都是单句。并列句：两个单句放在一起，中间用and、but、or连接。（注意：逗号不能连接两个并列的单句。）因此，上句可改为Maryisacollegestudent,andsheisshyinpublic.复合句：有主句、从句的句子。主句和从句相伴，从句不能独立存在。二、关系词的分类:关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词（6个）who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语、表语which物或事主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语 as人或物或事主语、宾语、表语whose=ofwhom/ofwhich人或物定语关系副词（3个）when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语三、具体用法：(一)关系代词：1.指人的：________、________、________.（主宾）（who、whom、that）1)Thekid________issittingonthechairismycousin.（who）2)Thetrafficpolicewoman________youshookhandswithjustnowismyniece.（who/whom/省略）注意：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。2.指物的：________、________.（主宾）（which、that）1)Thehotel____wecheckedinlastnightiscomfortabletostayin.（that/which/省略）2)Thepark________wasbuiltupfiveyearsagoisonlyfiftymetersawayfrommyhome.（which/that）总结：确定关系词的步骤1）关系词一定能够放在定语从句中； 2）找到这个位置；3）判定（在定语从句中）所做的成分：如果是主宾，则关系代词，再看指人还是指物；如果是状语，则关系副词，再看是时间、地点、还是原因；如果是定语，只能用whose。难点：分清楚哪个是主句，哪个是从句。（1.明白意思是关键；2.句子结构）(二)关系副词：________、________、_________.（状语）（when、where、why）利用以上步骤总结，做下面的三组句子：1)Ineverforgetthedays__________Istayedwithher.2)Ineverforgetthedays__________Ispentstudyingabroadalone.3)Theworld__________wearelivingispeaceful.4)Theworld__________wearelivinginispeaceful.5)Thereason__________hegavehisbossisreasonable.6)Thereason__________hewasnotpresentatthelectureisthathewasill.答案：1）when2）that/which/省略3）where4）that/which/省略5）that/which/省略6）why四、其他：1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：Ihaveayoungerbrotherwho/thatjoinedthearmylastyear. (不止一个兄弟)Ihaveayoungerbrother,whojoinedthearmylastyear.（只有一个兄弟）区别：1）有逗号的是非限；2）非限中的先行词是独一无二的；3）非限中不能用that。2.介词+关系______词：（代）指人只用whom；指物只用which。Theladyhasthreesons,twoof______arestudyingabroad.（whom）Theladyhasthreesons,andtwoof______arestudyingabroad.（them）Patience,without______wecan’tdoworkwell,isagoodquality.（which）Romewasnotbuiltinaday.成功并非一朝一夕的事。3.whose：既可指物也可指人，只做定语。Theelderly______hairisgrayismyfather.（whose）Thehouse______windowsfacewestismyhome.（whose）所有格有两种：1）one’s所有格（mybook）2）of所有格（thebookofmine），因此，whose也可以换成of所有格的形式：whosehair=thehairof______（介词+关系代词）（whom）whosewindows=thewindowsof______（which）4.as和which（为什么放在一起？）1）都可指代整个句子的内容； 2）as句首、句中，which只可句中；3）as常翻译为“正如”，which常翻译为“这件事、这一点”。Thenaughtykidfoughtagainstotherkids,whichmadehisfatherannoyed.Don’tjudgeabookbyit’scover,astheoldsayinggoes.5.三个词组：1）such……as…….像……一样（同一类）2）thesame……as……像……一样（同一类）3）thesame……that……就是那一个的（同一个）Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他并不像看上去的那样是个傻瓜。Iwanttobuythesamewatchasyouarewearing.我想买一块和你戴的一样的手表。Iwanttobuythesamewatchthatyouarewearing.我就想买你戴的那块手表。6.theway（为啥要单列出来讲解？）：1）做先行词；2）表“方式”；3）在定语从句中做状语。三个条件同时具备，其关系词用：that、inwhich、或省略，皆可。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/省略youtreatedmejustnow.五、与which、who相比，只用that的五种情况：1.先行词是不定代词时。（什么是不定代词？举例说明）Allthatshinesisnotgold.（怎么翻译？）部分否定 注意：all、both与not连用时是部分否定。其全部否定为：（all）none、（both）neither2.先行词被theonly、thevery（恰好的）、thelast修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.ThisistheveryhousethatIhavebeenlookingfor.Allthatglittersisnotgold. 闪光的未必都是金子。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonistheKangheBridge.ThisisthemostfrighteningmoviethatIhaveseensofar.4.先行词既是人又是物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandaffairsthattheycouldrememberatschool.5.在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?Whoisthegirlthattalkedwithyoujustnow?翻译：Whoisthegirl?（姓名或者和你的关系）Whatisthegirl?（职业）小试身手:1.Heistheman________Isawyesterday.2.Doyouknowthegirl________Japaneseisexcellent？3.Thisistheverybook________Iwant.4.Thisisthebook________youarelookingfor. 5.Here’sthelittleboy________heislookingafter.6.Iearnonly1000dollarsamonth,halfof________isspentonclothing.7.YaoMingisafamousbasketballstar,________everybodyknows.8.Beijingistheplace________Iwasborn.9.Istillrememberthetime________Ifirsttravelledbyplane.10.Idon’twanttolistentoanyreason________youwereabsent.11.Thisnovel,________Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.12.Ihaveanelderbrother,________worksinBeijing.13.________weallknow,shecanspeakthreeforeignlanguages.14.Ihaveinvitedmorethanonehundredfriendstotheparty,mostof________arefromabroad.15.Everything________theysaidwastrue.16.Thisisthemostinterestingstory________Ihaveeverread.17.Theyear________theearthquakehappenedwas1976.18.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplaces____impressedhermost.19.Helivesinaroom________windowfacessouth.20.HelivesinBeijing,________isaboutfivehours’ridefromhere.
简介：高中英语语法专题讲解附练习题定语从句一、简介:例：Maryisashycollegestudentinpublic.Maryisacollegestudent,whoisshyinpublic.acollegestudent:先行词who:引导词（关系词）1.引导词和先行词关系：同一、指代、大名小名。2.定义：从句修饰一个名词或代词（后置），起修饰或限制作用。任何从句一定要有引导词。引导词（关系词）要翻译成先行词。3.单句：六大句式结构都是单句。并列句：两个单句放在一起，中间用and、but、or连接。（注意：逗号不能连接两个并列的单句。）因此，上句可改为Maryisacollegestudent,andsheisshyinpublic.复合句：有主句、从句的句子。主句和从句相伴，从句不能独立存在。二、关系词的分类:关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词（6个）who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语、表语which物或事主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语 as人或物或事主语、宾语、表语whose=ofwhom/ofwhich人或物定语关系副词（3个）when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语三、具体用法：(一)关系代词：1.指人的：________、________、________.（主宾）（who、whom、that）1)Thekid________issittingonthechairismycousin.（who）2)Thetrafficpolicewoman________youshookhandswithjustnowismyniece.（who/whom/省略）注意：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。2.指物的：________、________.（主宾）（which、that）1)Thehotel____wecheckedinlastnightiscomfortabletostayin.（that/which/省略）2)Thepark________wasbuiltupfiveyearsagoisonlyfiftymetersawayfrommyhome.（which/that）总结：确定关系词的步骤1）关系词一定能够放在定语从句中； 2）找到这个位置；3）判定（在定语从句中）所做的成分：如果是主宾，则关系代词，再看指人还是指物；如果是状语，则关系副词，再看是时间、地点、还是原因；如果是定语，只能用whose。难点：分清楚哪个是主句，哪个是从句。（1.明白意思是关键；2.句子结构）(二)关系副词：________、________、_________.（状语）（when、where、why）利用以上步骤总结，做下面的三组句子：1)Ineverforgetthedays__________Istayedwithher.2)Ineverforgetthedays__________Ispentstudyingabroadalone.3)Theworld__________wearelivingispeaceful.4)Theworld__________wearelivinginispeaceful.5)Thereason__________hegavehisbossisreasonable.6)Thereason__________hewasnotpresentatthelectureisthathewasill.答案：1）when2）that/which/省略3）where4）that/which/省略5）that/which/省略6）why四、其他：1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：Ihaveayoungerbrotherwho/thatjoinedthearmylastyear. (不止一个兄弟)Ihaveayoungerbrother,whojoinedthearmylastyear.（只有一个兄弟）区别：1）有逗号的是非限；2）非限中的先行词是独一无二的；3）非限中不能用that。2.介词+关系______词：（代）指人只用whom；指物只用which。Theladyhasthreesons,twoof______arestudyingabroad.（whom）Theladyhasthreesons,andtwoof______arestudyingabroad.（them）Patience,without______wecan’tdoworkwell,isagoodquality.（which）Romewasnotbuiltinaday.成功并非一朝一夕的事。3.whose：既可指物也可指人，只做定语。Theelderly______hairisgrayismyfather.（whose）Thehouse______windowsfacewestismyhome.（whose）所有格有两种：1）one’s所有格（mybook）2）of所有格（thebookofmine），因此，whose也可以换成of所有格的形式：whosehair=thehairof______（介词+关系代词）（whom）whosewindows=thewindowsof______（which）4.as和which（为什么放在一起？）1）都可指代整个句子的内容； 2）as句首、句中，which只可句中；3）as常翻译为“正如”，which常翻译为“这件事、这一点”。Thenaughtykidfoughtagainstotherkids,whichmadehisfatherannoyed.Don’tjudgeabookbyit’scover,astheoldsayinggoes.5.三个词组：1）such……as…….像……一样（同一类）2）thesame……as……像……一样（同一类）3）thesame……that……就是那一个的（同一个）Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他并不像看上去的那样是个傻瓜。Iwanttobuythesamewatchasyouarewearing.我想买一块和你戴的一样的手表。Iwanttobuythesamewatchthatyouarewearing.我就想买你戴的那块手表。6.theway（为啥要单列出来讲解？）：1）做先行词；2）表“方式”；3）在定语从句中做状语。三个条件同时具备，其关系词用：that、inwhich、或省略，皆可。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/省略youtreatedmejustnow.五、与which、who相比，只用that的五种情况：1.先行词是不定代词时。（什么是不定代词？举例说明）Allthatshinesisnotgold.（怎么翻译？）部分否定 注意：all、both与not连用时是部分否定。其全部否定为：（all）none、（both）neither2.先行词被theonly、thevery（恰好的）、thelast修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.ThisistheveryhousethatIhavebeenlookingfor.Allthatglittersisnotgold. 闪光的未必都是金子。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonistheKangheBridge.ThisisthemostfrighteningmoviethatIhaveseensofar.4.先行词既是人又是物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandaffairsthattheycouldrememberatschool.5.在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?Whoisthegirlthattalkedwithyoujustnow?翻译：Whoisthegirl?（姓名或者和你的关系）Whatisthegirl?（职业）小试身手:1.Heistheman________Isawyesterday.2.Doyouknowthegirl________Japaneseisexcellent？3.Thisistheverybook________Iwant.4.Thisisthebook________youarelookingfor. 5.Here’sthelittleboy________heislookingafter.6.Iearnonly1000dollarsamonth,halfof________isspentonclothing.7.YaoMingisafamousbasketballstar,________everybodyknows.8.Beijingistheplace________Iwasborn.9.Istillrememberthetime________Ifirsttravelledbyplane.10.Idon’twanttolistentoanyreason________youwereabsent.11.Thisnovel,________Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.12.Ihaveanelderbrother,________worksinBeijing.13.________weallknow,shecanspeakthreeforeignlanguages.14.Ihaveinvitedmorethanonehundredfriendstotheparty,mostof________arefromabroad.15.Everything________theysaidwastrue.16.Thisisthemostinterestingstory________Ihaveeverread.17.Theyear________theearthquakehappenedwas1976.18.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplaces____impressedhermost.19.Helivesinaroom________windowfacessouth.20.HelivesinBeijing,________isaboutfivehours’ridefromhere.
简介：高中英语语法专题讲解附练习题定语从句一、简介:例：Maryisashycollegestudentinpublic.Maryisacollegestudent,whoisshyinpublic.acollegestudent:先行词who:引导词（关系词）1.引导词和先行词关系：同一、指代、大名小名。2.定义：从句修饰一个名词或代词（后置），起修饰或限制作用。任何从句一定要有引导词。引导词（关系词）要翻译成先行词。3.单句：六大句式结构都是单句。并列句：两个单句放在一起，中间用and、but、or连接。（注意：逗号不能连接两个并列的单句。）因此，上句可改为Maryisacollegestudent,andsheisshyinpublic.复合句：有主句、从句的句子。主句和从句相伴，从句不能独立存在。二、关系词的分类:关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词（6个）who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语、表语which物或事主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语 as人或物或事主语、宾语、表语whose=ofwhom/ofwhich人或物定语关系副词（3个）when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语三、具体用法：(一)关系代词：1.指人的：________、________、________.（主宾）（who、whom、that）1)Thekid________issittingonthechairismycousin.（who）2)Thetrafficpolicewoman________youshookhandswithjustnowismyniece.（who/whom/省略）注意：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。2.指物的：________、________.（主宾）（which、that）1)Thehotel____wecheckedinlastnightiscomfortabletostayin.（that/which/省略）2)Thepark________wasbuiltupfiveyearsagoisonlyfiftymetersawayfrommyhome.（which/that）总结：确定关系词的步骤1）关系词一定能够放在定语从句中； 2）找到这个位置；3）判定（在定语从句中）所做的成分：如果是主宾，则关系代词，再看指人还是指物；如果是状语，则关系副词，再看是时间、地点、还是原因；如果是定语，只能用whose。难点：分清楚哪个是主句，哪个是从句。（1.明白意思是关键；2.句子结构）(二)关系副词：________、________、_________.（状语）（when、where、why）利用以上步骤总结，做下面的三组句子：1)Ineverforgetthedays__________Istayedwithher.2)Ineverforgetthedays__________Ispentstudyingabroadalone.3)Theworld__________wearelivingispeaceful.4)Theworld__________wearelivinginispeaceful.5)Thereason__________hegavehisbossisreasonable.6)Thereason__________hewasnotpresentatthelectureisthathewasill.答案：1）when2）that/which/省略3）where4）that/which/省略5）that/which/省略6）why四、其他：1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：Ihaveayoungerbrotherwho/thatjoinedthearmylastyear. (不止一个兄弟)Ihaveayoungerbrother,whojoinedthearmylastyear.（只有一个兄弟）区别：1）有逗号的是非限；2）非限中的先行词是独一无二的；3）非限中不能用that。2.介词+关系______词：（代）指人只用whom；指物只用which。Theladyhasthreesons,twoof______arestudyingabroad.（whom）Theladyhasthreesons,andtwoof______arestudyingabroad.（them）Patience,without______wecan’tdoworkwell,isagoodquality.（which）Romewasnotbuiltinaday.成功并非一朝一夕的事。3.whose：既可指物也可指人，只做定语。Theelderly______hairisgrayismyfather.（whose）Thehouse______windowsfacewestismyhome.（whose）所有格有两种：1）one’s所有格（mybook）2）of所有格（thebookofmine），因此，whose也可以换成of所有格的形式：whosehair=thehairof______（介词+关系代词）（whom）whosewindows=thewindowsof______（which）4.as和which（为什么放在一起？）1）都可指代整个句子的内容； 2）as句首、句中，which只可句中；3）as常翻译为“正如”，which常翻译为“这件事、这一点”。Thenaughtykidfoughtagainstotherkids,whichmadehisfatherannoyed.Don’tjudgeabookbyit’scover,astheoldsayinggoes.5.三个词组：1）such……as…….像……一样（同一类）2）thesame……as……像……一样（同一类）3）thesame……that……就是那一个的（同一个）Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他并不像看上去的那样是个傻瓜。Iwanttobuythesamewatchasyouarewearing.我想买一块和你戴的一样的手表。Iwanttobuythesamewatchthatyouarewearing.我就想买你戴的那块手表。6.theway（为啥要单列出来讲解？）：1）做先行词；2）表“方式”；3）在定语从句中做状语。三个条件同时具备，其关系词用：that、inwhich、或省略，皆可。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/省略youtreatedmejustnow.五、与which、who相比，只用that的五种情况：1.先行词是不定代词时。（什么是不定代词？举例说明）Allthatshinesisnotgold.（怎么翻译？）部分否定 注意：all、both与not连用时是部分否定。其全部否定为：（all）none、（both）neither2.先行词被theonly、thevery（恰好的）、thelast修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.ThisistheveryhousethatIhavebeenlookingfor.Allthatglittersisnotgold. 闪光的未必都是金子。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonistheKangheBridge.ThisisthemostfrighteningmoviethatIhaveseensofar.4.先行词既是人又是物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandaffairsthattheycouldrememberatschool.5.在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?Whoisthegirlthattalkedwithyoujustnow?翻译：Whoisthegirl?（姓名或者和你的关系）Whatisthegirl?（职业）小试身手:1.Heistheman________Isawyesterday.2.Doyouknowthegirl________Japaneseisexcellent？3.Thisistheverybook________Iwant.4.Thisisthebook________youarelookingfor. 5.Here’sthelittleboy________heislookingafter.6.Iearnonly1000dollarsamonth,halfof________isspentonclothing.7.YaoMingisafamousbasketballstar,________everybodyknows.8.Beijingistheplace________Iwasborn.9.Istillrememberthetime________Ifirsttravelledbyplane.10.Idon’twanttolistentoanyreason________youwereabsent.11.Thisnovel,________Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.12.Ihaveanelderbrother,________worksinBeijing.13.________weallknow,shecanspeakthreeforeignlanguages.14.Ihaveinvitedmorethanonehundredfriendstotheparty,mostof________arefromabroad.15.Everything________theysaidwastrue.16.Thisisthemostinterestingstory________Ihaveeverread.17.Theyear________theearthquakehappenedwas1976.18.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplaces____impressedhermost.19.Helivesinaroom________windowfacessouth.20.HelivesinBeijing,________isaboutfivehours’ridefromhere.
简介：高中英语语法专题讲解附练习题定语从句一、简介:例：Maryisashycollegestudentinpublic.Maryisacollegestudent,whoisshyinpublic.acollegestudent:先行词who:引导词（关系词）1.引导词和先行词关系：同一、指代、大名小名。2.定义：从句修饰一个名词或代词（后置），起修饰或限制作用。任何从句一定要有引导词。引导词（关系词）要翻译成先行词。3.单句：六大句式结构都是单句。并列句：两个单句放在一起，中间用and、but、or连接。（注意：逗号不能连接两个并列的单句。）因此，上句可改为Maryisacollegestudent,andsheisshyinpublic.复合句：有主句、从句的句子。主句和从句相伴，从句不能独立存在。二、关系词的分类:关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词（6个）who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语、表语which物或事主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语 as人或物或事主语、宾语、表语whose=ofwhom/ofwhich人或物定语关系副词（3个）when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语三、具体用法：(一)关系代词：1.指人的：________、________、________.（主宾）（who、whom、that）1)Thekid________issittingonthechairismycousin.（who）2)Thetrafficpolicewoman________youshookhandswithjustnowismyniece.（who/whom/省略）注意：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。2.指物的：________、________.（主宾）（which、that）1)Thehotel____wecheckedinlastnightiscomfortabletostayin.（that/which/省略）2)Thepark________wasbuiltupfiveyearsagoisonlyfiftymetersawayfrommyhome.（which/that）总结：确定关系词的步骤1）关系词一定能够放在定语从句中； 2）找到这个位置；3）判定（在定语从句中）所做的成分：如果是主宾，则关系代词，再看指人还是指物；如果是状语，则关系副词，再看是时间、地点、还是原因；如果是定语，只能用whose。难点：分清楚哪个是主句，哪个是从句。（1.明白意思是关键；2.句子结构）(二)关系副词：________、________、_________.（状语）（when、where、why）利用以上步骤总结，做下面的三组句子：1)Ineverforgetthedays__________Istayedwithher.2)Ineverforgetthedays__________Ispentstudyingabroadalone.3)Theworld__________wearelivingispeaceful.4)Theworld__________wearelivinginispeaceful.5)Thereason__________hegavehisbossisreasonable.6)Thereason__________hewasnotpresentatthelectureisthathewasill.答案：1）when2）that/which/省略3）where4）that/which/省略5）that/which/省略6）why四、其他：1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：Ihaveayoungerbrotherwho/thatjoinedthearmylastyear. (不止一个兄弟)Ihaveayoungerbrother,whojoinedthearmylastyear.（只有一个兄弟）区别：1）有逗号的是非限；2）非限中的先行词是独一无二的；3）非限中不能用that。2.介词+关系______词：（代）指人只用whom；指物只用which。Theladyhasthreesons,twoof______arestudyingabroad.（whom）Theladyhasthreesons,andtwoof______arestudyingabroad.（them）Patience,without______wecan’tdoworkwell,isagoodquality.（which）Romewasnotbuiltinaday.成功并非一朝一夕的事。3.whose：既可指物也可指人，只做定语。Theelderly______hairisgrayismyfather.（whose）Thehouse______windowsfacewestismyhome.（whose）所有格有两种：1）one’s所有格（mybook）2）of所有格（thebookofmine），因此，whose也可以换成of所有格的形式：whosehair=thehairof______（介词+关系代词）（whom）whosewindows=thewindowsof______（which）4.as和which（为什么放在一起？）1）都可指代整个句子的内容； 2）as句首、句中，which只可句中；3）as常翻译为“正如”，which常翻译为“这件事、这一点”。Thenaughtykidfoughtagainstotherkids,whichmadehisfatherannoyed.Don’tjudgeabookbyit’scover,astheoldsayinggoes.5.三个词组：1）such……as…….像……一样（同一类）2）thesame……as……像……一样（同一类）3）thesame……that……就是那一个的（同一个）Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他并不像看上去的那样是个傻瓜。Iwanttobuythesamewatchasyouarewearing.我想买一块和你戴的一样的手表。Iwanttobuythesamewatchthatyouarewearing.我就想买你戴的那块手表。6.theway（为啥要单列出来讲解？）：1）做先行词；2）表“方式”；3）在定语从句中做状语。三个条件同时具备，其关系词用：that、inwhich、或省略，皆可。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/省略youtreatedmejustnow.五、与which、who相比，只用that的五种情况：1.先行词是不定代词时。（什么是不定代词？举例说明）Allthatshinesisnotgold.（怎么翻译？）部分否定 注意：all、both与not连用时是部分否定。其全部否定为：（all）none、（both）neither2.先行词被theonly、thevery（恰好的）、thelast修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.ThisistheveryhousethatIhavebeenlookingfor.Allthatglittersisnotgold. 闪光的未必都是金子。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonistheKangheBridge.ThisisthemostfrighteningmoviethatIhaveseensofar.4.先行词既是人又是物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandaffairsthattheycouldrememberatschool.5.在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?Whoisthegirlthattalkedwithyoujustnow?翻译：Whoisthegirl?（姓名或者和你的关系）Whatisthegirl?（职业）小试身手:1.Heistheman________Isawyesterday.2.Doyouknowthegirl________Japaneseisexcellent？3.Thisistheverybook________Iwant.4.Thisisthebook________youarelookingfor. 5.Here’sthelittleboy________heislookingafter.6.Iearnonly1000dollarsamonth,halfof________isspentonclothing.7.YaoMingisafamousbasketballstar,________everybodyknows.8.Beijingistheplace________Iwasborn.9.Istillrememberthetime________Ifirsttravelledbyplane.10.Idon’twanttolistentoanyreason________youwereabsent.11.Thisnovel,________Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.12.Ihaveanelderbrother,________worksinBeijing.13.________weallknow,shecanspeakthreeforeignlanguages.14.Ihaveinvitedmorethanonehundredfriendstotheparty,mostof________arefromabroad.15.Everything________theysaidwastrue.16.Thisisthemostinterestingstory________Ihaveeverread.17.Theyear________theearthquakehappenedwas1976.18.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplaces____impressedhermost.19.Helivesinaroom________windowfacessouth.20.HelivesinBeijing,________isaboutfivehours’ridefromhere.
