2022年国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案

2022年最新国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明:2022年春期电大把《管理英语4》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核,它共有八个单元自测。针对该门课程,给出了每个单元自测的二套标准题库,在考试

简介:2022年国家开放大学电大《基础会计》和《管理英语4》合集网络核心课形考网考作业及答案最新国家开放大学电大《基础会计》期末试题题库及答案(试卷号2003)考试说明:本人根据学员的需求汇总了历年来所有的期末试题及答案,形成了一个单项选择题、多项选择题、简答题的标准考试题库,对考生的复习和考试起着非常重要的作用,会给您节省大量的时间。做考题时,利用本文档中的查找工具(Ctrl+F),把考题中的关键字输到查找工具的查找内容框内,就可迅速查找到该题答案。本文库还有其他网核、机考及教学考一体化试题答案,敬请查看。一、单项选择题1.“决策有用观”是一种关于()的观点。A.会计目标2.()是会计的主要内容,是会计的基础。A.会计核算3.下列不属于会计要素的是()。D.成本4.下列经济业务中,会引起一项兔愤减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款5.在借贷记账法下,资产类账户的结构特点是()。A.借方记增加,贷方记减少,余额在借方6.“限额领料单”按其填制方法属于()。B.累计凭证7.当经济业务只涉及货币资金相互间的收付时,一般填制()。B.付款凭证8.登记日记账的方式是按照经济业务发生的时间先后顺序进行()。A.逐日逐笔登记9.明细账从账簿的外表形式上看一般采用()账簿。B.活页式10.在实地盘存制下,平时在账簿中对财产物资()。A.只记增加数,不记减少数11.“未达账项”是指单位与银行之间由于结算凭证传递的时间不同而造成的()。 C.一方已经人账,而另一方尚未登记人账的账项12.财产清查中发现某种材料盘亏时,在报经批准处理以前应作会计分录为()。B.借;待处理财产损溢贷:原材料13.下列不属于对外会计报表的是()。D.产品生产成本表14.个别会计报表与合并会计报表是会计报表按照()进行的分类。D.会计主体15.会计信息应当能够反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量,满足会计信息使用者的需要,这是会计核算的()。B.相关性原则16.下列不属于会计循环的业务是()。A.编制预算报告17.下列不属于会计核算基本前提的是()。C.权责发生制18.记账凭证核算形式的特点是直接根据各种记账凭证逐笔登记()。C.总分类账19.企业在进行会计核算时选择一种“不多计资产或收益,少计负债或费用”的会计处理方法,所遵循的是()。C.谨慎性原则20.“资产=负债+所有者权益”这一会计恒等式的右端,两个因素的位置()。A.不能颠倒21.下列经济业务中,会引起一项负债减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款22.下列会计科目中属于负债类科目的是()。B.预提费用23.()既反映了会计要素间的基本数量关系,同时也是复式记账法的理论依据。D.会计恒等式24.在借贷记账法下,负债类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少.余额在贷方25.按照账户的用途和结构分类,“固定资产”账户属于()。 A.盘存账户26.记账以后,如发现记账错误是由于记账凭证所列会计科目或记账方向有误引起的,应采用()进行错账更正。D.红字更正法27.下列属于静态报表的是()。C.资产负债表28.“应付账款”账户的期初余额为8000元,本期贷方发生额为12000元,期末余额为6000元,则该账户的本期借方发生额为()。B.14000元29.在借贷记账法下,所有者权益类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少,余额在贷方30.按照账户的经济内容分类,“原材料”账户属于()。A.流动资产账户31.其全部指标均依据有关账户余额填列的会计报表是()。A.资产负债表32.在进行会计核算时,应将企业财产与其他单位及投资者财产区别开来,是会计核算基本前提中关于()的要求。A.会计主体33.资产负债表的资产项目,说明了企业所拥有的各种经济资源以及企业()。A.偿还债务的能力34.清查银行存款所采用的方法一般是()。D.对账单法35.下列单据中属于外来原始凭证的有()。D.购货发票36.复式记账法是对每一笔经济业务,都以相等的金额在()中进行登记。D.两个或两个以上的账户37.所有者权益类账户的期末余额是根据()计算。C.贷方期末余额=贷方期初余额十贷方本期发生额一借方本期发生额38.下列引起资产内部此增彼减的交易、事项是()。B.收回赊销款存入银行64.按经济内容分类,“制造费用”账户属于()账户。‘ A.成本类39.将现金存入银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证40.企业用现金支付某职工报销的市内交通费78元,会计人员编制的付款凭证为借记管理费用87元,贷记现金87元,并登记入账。对当年发生的该项记账错误应采用的更正方法是()。B.红字更正法41.计提资产减值准备,体现了会计信息质量要求中的()。C.谨慎性42.资产负债表结构设置的依据是()。C.资产=负债十所有者权益43.利润表中的“净利润”是根据企业的()扣除所得税费用后的净额。C.利润总额44.我国企业会计准则的制定机构是()。C.财政部45.根据现有的发现,我国会计一职最早出现在()。A.西周时期46.会计的反映职能不包括()。B.主观性47.利润是企业在一定期间的()。C.经营成果48.正确的会计等式是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益49.下列账户中与负债账户结构相同的是()账户。D.所有者权益50.简单会计分录的特征是()。C.一借一贷51.下列账户中,期末需直接结转到“本年利润”账户的是()。A.管理费用52.下列人员工资中,通过“管理费用”科目核算的是()。C.企业管理人员工资53.下列明细账中,可以采用数量金额式账页的是()。 A.库存商品明细分类账54.下列报表中,其结构有账户式和报告式的是()。B.资产负债表55.下列各项中属于所有者权益的是(.)。D.未分配利润56.复式记账法的基本理论依据是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益57.某企业购进材料一批,买价15000元,运输费600元,入库前整理挑选费400元。该批材料的采购成本是()。C.16000元58.下列属于制造企业其他业务收入的是()。D.出售材料收入59.会计凭证分为原始凭证和记账凭证,其分类标准是()。C.按其填制的程序和用途不同60.下列账簿中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账61.下列各项中,属于会计法律的是()。C.《中华人民共和国会计法》62.财产所有权与管理权相分离情况下,会计的根本目标是()。A.完成受托责任92.会计对象的具体化,可称为()。B.会计要素63.在借贷记账法中,账户的哪一方记录增加数,哪一方记录减少数是由()决定的。B.账户性质64.以下各账户中属于费用账户的是()。B.财务费用65.限额领料单属于()。B.累计凭证66.下列各项中应建立备查簿登记的是()。B.经营性租人固定资产67.某企业本月收到A公司偿还上月所欠货款5 000元存入银行,下列账务处理中的哪一种符合权责发生制要求()。B.借:银行存款5000贷:应收账款500068.财务报表编制的依据是()。D.账簿69.我国企业会计准则分为三个层次,它们是()。A.基本准则、具体准则和应用指南70.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的是()。A.资产类账户借方登记增加额71.采购员报销950元差旅费,出纳员又补付其现金150元并结清其暂借款,这项业务应编制()。D.付款凭证和转账凭证72.我国最新的企业会计准则实施于()。A.2007年73.下列各项中属于流动资产的有()。A.应收账款74.账户是根据()在账簿中开设的记账单元。C.会计科目75.账户中各项金额的关系可以用()表示。A.期末余额一期初余额十本期增加发生额一本期减少发生额76.下列项目中属于营业外收入的是()。C固定资产出售净收益77.将现金存人银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证125.下列账户中与负债类账户结构相同的是()。B.所有者权益类账户78.目前,我国会计核算中收付实现制的应用范围是()。D.行政单位和事业单位中除经营业务以外的业务79.会计对经济活动进行综合反映,主要是利用()。A.货币量度80.会计科目是对()的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。C.会计要素 81.企业结转已销售产品的成本时,应()。B.贷记“库存商品”账户82.收款凭证左上角“借方科目”后应填写()科目。B.银行存款或库存现金83.会计的基本职能是()。A.反映和控制84.下列不应当直接计入当期损益的是()。D.制造费用85.能够提供企业某一类经济业务增减变化较为详细会计信息的账簿是()。A.明细分类账86.采用收付实现制,由于没有将各个会计期间所实现的收入和为实现收入所应负担的费用进行配比,因而也就不能正确计算各期的()。D.经营成果87.目前,我国会计核算中权责发生制的应用范围是()。D.企业会计和事业单位中的经营业务88.下列账薄中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账89.在一些规模小、会计业务简单的单位,应()。B.在其他有关机构中设置会计人员90.在实际成本法下,用来归集记人材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。C.“在途物资”91.张华是公司的总经理,其出差报销差旅费10000元,应记入()账户。D.管理费用92.已知某企业营业收入300万元,营业成本200万,管理费用20万元,财务费用10万元,销售费用5万元,营业外收入8万元。填人利润表中的营业利润是()。B.65万元93.“应收账款”账户所属明细账户期末如果出现贷方余额,应填人资产负债表的项目是()。B.预收账款94.某企业某年10月份“原材料”账户期末余额为100000元,“库存商品”账户期末余额为120000元,“生产成本”账户期末余额为30000元,“固定资产”账户期末余额为200000元。资产负债表中的存货项目应填入()。 B.250000元95.资产负债表是反映企业()财务状况的报表。D.某一特定日期96.支付职工差旅费发生的现金流出属于()。C.经营活动的现金流出97.按照现行规定,我国上市公司年报应于年度终了后()内对外报告。C.4个月98.在供应过程中,在实际成本法下,用来归集记录材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。A.“在途物资”99.“利润分配”账户在年终结算后出现借方余额,表示()。A.未弥补的亏损额100.我国现行《会计法》是从()开始实施的。C.1985年5月1日二、多项选择题1.所有者权益的构成项目有()。A.实收资本B.资本公积C.盈余公积D.未分配利润E.应收账款2.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。B.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料6500C.借:生产成本8000D.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款50003.各种原始凭证必须具备的基本内容有()。A.凭证的名称B.经济业务事项名称、数量、单价和金额C.填制凭证单位名称或者填制人姓名E.填制凭证的日期4.登账时遇到下列情况应用红色墨水书写()。 A.在不设减少金额栏的多栏式账页中,登记减少数C.在三栏式账户的余额栏前,如未印明余额方向的,在余额栏内登记负数金额5.会计报表应当包括()。A.现金流量表B.相关附表C.资产负债表D.利润表6.下列各项中属于收益性支出的是()。A.购进商品B.购进原材料D.购进办公用品E.支付短期借款利息7.下列资产负债表项目中,需根据账户余额减去其备抵项目后的净额填列的有()B.短期投资D.存货E.应收账款9.总分类账和明细分类账平行登记的要点有()。A.登记的依据相同C.登记的方向一致E.登记的金额相同11.下列会计等式正确的有()。A.资产=权益B.资产=负债十所有者权益十净收益C.资产=负债+所有者权益E.资产=负债+所有者权益+(收入-费用)12.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。A.借:生产成本8000B.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款5000E.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料650013.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于跨期摊提账户的有()。B.预提费用E.待摊费用14.会汁凭证包括()。A.原始凭证B.记账凭证15.企业从银行提取现金5000元备用,此项业务应在()中登记。 A.现金日记账B.银行存款日记账C.总分类账16.会计账簿按其外表形式不同可分为()。C.订本式账簿D.活页式账簿E.卡片式账簿17.记账凭证的基本内容包括()。A.凭证的名称和编号B.经济业务事项摘要C.会计科目的名称、方向和金额D.凭证填制的日期和有关人员的签章E.所附原始凭证张数18.在借贷记账法下,账户贷方登记的内容有()B.资产的减少C.负债及所有者权益的增加19.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于调整账户的有(C.累计折旧D.坏账准备E.利润分配20.收入的取得可能会影响下列哪些会计要素()。A.资产B.负债D.所有者权益E.利润21.下列各项中,属于期间费用的有()。C.管理费用D.销售费用E.财务费用22.下列经济业务中,会引起会计等式左右两方同时发生增减变化的有(A.投资者投入货币资本B.以存款归还借款E.购进材料款未付23.下列各项中属于会计核算基本前提的有()。A.会计主体B.持续经营C.货币计量D.会计分期24.对账包括()。C.账簿与凭证核对D.账簿与账簿核对E.账簿与实物核对25.下列各项中属于会计核算方法的有()。A.复式记账B.填制和审核会计凭证D.设置会计科目和账户26.未达账项有以下几种情况()。A.本单位已记存款增加,银行尚未记账B.本单位巳记存款减少,银行尚未记账 C.银行已记存款增加,本单位尚未记账D.银行已记存款减少,本单位尚未记账27·财产清查中应采用实地盘点法进行清查的资产主要有()A.固定资产B.产成品D.库存现金28.会计方法应包括()。A.会计核算方法B.会计分析方法C.会计预测方法D.会计决策方法E.会计考评方法29.下列项目中,应计人“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C.提供劳务的收入30.账户的结构一般应包括()等内容。()A.账户名称B.日期和摘要C.凭证编号D.增加和减少的金额E.余额31.以下各项应在“营业税金及附加”账户核算的有()。B.消费税C.营业税D.教育费附加E.城市维护建设税32.资产负债表中货币资金项目编制的依据有()。A.库存现金B.银行存款C.其他货币资金33.资产的确认条件有()。A.与该资源有关的经济利益很可能流入企业C该资源的成本或者价值能够可靠地计量34.下列项目中,属于会计科目的有()。A.固定资产C.原材料E.累计折旧35.关于“本年利润”账户,下列说法正确的是()。A.借方登记期末转入的各项费用B.贷方登记期末转入的各项收入c.贷方余额为本年实现的利润额D.借方余额为本年发生的亏损额E.年终结算后无余额36.财务报表按其编报时间不同,可分为()。 C年度报表D.中期报表37.每一笔会计分录都包括()。A.账户名称B.记账方向C.金额38.借贷记账法下的试算平衡公式有()。C.全部账户借方发生额合计一全部账户贷方发生额合计D.全部账户借方余额合计一全部账户贷方余额合计39.企业实现的净利润应进行下列分配()。C.提取法定盈余公积金D.提取任意盈余公积金E.向投资人分配利润40.利润表中的“营业收入”应根据()之和来填列。A.主营业务收入B.其他业务收入41.下列属于会计法规体系的有()。A.会计法B.会计行政法规C.企业会计准则D.统一会计制度42.会计计量的属性有()。A.历史成本B.重置成本C.可变现净值D.现值E.公允价值43.下列项目中,应计入“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C提供劳务的收入44.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.资产的增加B.负债的减少C.收入的转销D.费用成本的增加45.会计核算方法包括()。A.填制和审核凭证B.登记账簿C.成本计算D.编制财务报表E.财产清查46.费用的发生可能会引起()。A.负债的增加B.资产的减少 C.所有者权益的减少47.下列可以用来作为分配材料采购费用标准的有(B.材料的体积C.材料的买价D.材料的重量48.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的有(A.资产类账户借方登记增加额B.资产类账户贷方登记减少额C.负债类账户借方登记减少额E.收入类账户贷方登记增加额49.下列费用中,属于期间费用的是()。B.销售费用C.管理费用D.财务费用50.投资者投入的资本,依据投资者的身份不同可以是(A.国家资本金B.个人资本金C.法人资本金E.外商资本金51.确定存货账面结存数量的方法有()。A.永续盘存制B.实地盘存制E.技术推算法52.下列不等式中,在不同情况下成立的有()答案:ABCD53.下列账户中,在期末结账后有余额的是()。A.生产成本B.在途物资54.企业分配工资费用时,应贷记“应付职工薪酬”科目,借记以下有关科目()。A.生产成本B.制造费用C.管理费用D.销售费用 55.权责发生制要求()。A.凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表B.凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用56.企业会计人员的主要职责有()。A.进行会计核算B.实行会计监督C.拟定本单位办理会计事务的具体办法D.参与拟定经济计划、业务计划,考核、分析预算、财务计划的执行情况57.会计核算是指会计工作收集、加工,储存和揭示会计信息的过程,这个过程由以下几个环节构成()。A.记录B.报告C.确认D.计量58.企业的留存收益包括()。A.未分配利润B.盈余公积59.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.收入的转销B.费用筏本的增加C.资产的增加D.负债的减少160.资产负债表的左方包括()等项目。A.存货B.商誉C.货币资金三、简答题1.试简要说明会计的特点。答:会计的特点是指会计和其他经济核算的不同点。由于会计核算是会计的基本环节,会计的特点主要体现在会计核算方面,它有三个基本特点;(1)以货币为主要计量尺度,具有综合性;(2)会计核算具有完整性、连续性和系统性;(3)会计核算要以凭证为依据,并严格遵守会计规范。2.实地盘存制的概念、优缺点及其适用范围是什么?答:(1) 概念。实地盘存制又称“定期盘存制”,是指平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数的一种存货核算方法。(2)优缺点。实地盘存制的优点是可以简化日常核算工作。主要缺点有两点:一是不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货的增加、减少和结余情况;二是倒挤出的销售成本不一定符合实际情况,可能包括一部分损失或差错,因而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。(3)适用范围。实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。3.会计循环的基本内容是什么?答:会计循环一般由下列步骤构成:第一,根据经济业务的实际发生和完成的真实情况编制必要的会计分录。第二,根据每笔会计分录所确定的应借、应贷金额,分别过人各有关总分类账户和明细分类账户之中。第三,根据会计等式的平衡关系来检查、验证会计分录和过账工作有无错误。第四,根据权责发生制和配比原则的要求,按照收入、费用的归属期,对账簿记录进行必要的调整。第五,根据分类账各账户提供的会计数据和会计主体财产清查的结果,在每一个会计期末进行对账。第六,根据一定时期内全部入账的经济业务的内容,将各种账簿记录结计清楚,即结出本期发生额和期末余额。第七,根据分类账户中有关账户的发生额和各账户的期末余额,编制损益表、资产负债表、现金流量表等会计报表及其财务状况说明书。4.简要说明总分类账与明细分类账的关系及其平行登记的要点。答:(1)总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系,又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的内在联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。(2)总分类账和明细分类账的平行登记包括以下几个要点:①登记的依据相同;②登记的方向一致;③登记的金额相等。5.试简要说明复式记账法的概念及其优点。答:复式记账法就是对于每一笔经济业务所引起的会计要素及其项目的增减变动,都以相等的金额,在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行登记的记账方法。复式记账法的优点有两个:一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。 6.试简要说明原始凭证与记账凭证的相同与不同之处。答:相同点:两者都是会计凭证。不同点:①作用不同。原始凭证是填制记账凭证的依据;汇账凭证是登记账簿的依据。②内容不同。原始凭证说明经济业务的发生或完成情况,是会计核算的原始资料;记账凭证主要确定会计分录。③填制人员不同。原始凭证—·般由业务经办人员填制,记账凭证山会计人员填制。7.什么是会计的职能?会计的基本职能有哪些?各自有什么特点?答:会计的职能是指会计所具有的功能。(1分)其基本职能是反映和控制。(1分)(1)会计反映职能具有以下特点:①会计提供的信息主要是通过货币形式来反映的(1分)②会计提供的信息具有客观性和可验证性(1分)③会计的反映具有连续性和综合性(1分)(2)会计的控制职能具有以下特点:①会计控制具有强制性和严肃性(1分)②会计控制具有适时性、连续性和全面性(1分)8.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?其适用范围是什么?答:永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。(3分)在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。(1分)实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数-然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计入账簿。(3分)实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。(1分)9.什么是会计科目?什么是账户?二者有什么联系与区别?答:会计科目就是对会计要素的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。账户是根据会计科目在账簿中开设的记账单元。二者的相同点是它们所反映的会计对象的具体内容是相同的。二者的区别是:(1)会计科目仅仅是指账户的名称,而账户除了有名称(会计科目)外,它还具有一定的格式、结构,具体表现为若干账页,是用来记录经济业务的载体;(2分) (2)会计科目是会计核算前,事先确定的对经济业务分类核算的项目,账户是经济业务发生之后,进行分类、连续登记的一种手段。(2分)10.什么是财务报表?其基本内容有哪些?答:财务报表是对企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的结构性表述。(2分)财务报表的主要内容由表头、表身和表外说明三部分组成。(2分)表头内容包括报表名称、报表编制单位名称、时间(或会计期间)、报表编号和计量单位五部分。(2分)表身是报表最重要的部分,它由一系列相互联系的经济指标组成。(1分)表外说明是对表身未反映的事项进行补充或对表身未能详细反映的内容作必要的解释。(1分)11.什么是会计凭证?其有何作用?有哪些种类?答:会计凭证是记录经济业务、明确经济责任的书面证明,也是登记账簿的依据。正确地填制、合法地取得和严格地审核会计凭证,是会计循环的初始环节,也是会计核算的基本方法,对于完成会计工作具有十分重要的意义,其主要作用体现在以下三个方面:(1)及时、正确地反映经济业务完成情况;(2)明确经济责任,强化单位内部控制;(3)加强经济监督,控制经济运行。会计凭证是多种多样的,按照填制程序和用途不同,可以分为原始凭证和记账凭证。12.什么是权责发生制和收付实现制?两者的区别何在?其各自的适用范围是什么?答:权责发生制又称为应收应付制或应计制,是指以是否取得收到现金的权利或发生支付现金的责任即权责的发生为标志来确认本期收入和费用以及债权和债务。权责发生制基础要求,凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计入利润表;凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用。收付实现制又称为现收现付制或现金制,是与权责发生制相对应的一种会计基础,它是以实际收到或支付现金的时间来确认会计期间的收入、费用。收付实现制基础要求,凡是当期收到和支付的现金,都作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表;凡是当期没有实际收到和付出现金,都不记录本期收入和费用。权责发生制与收付实现制的区别在于对收入、费用人账时间的确认不一样。13.什么是复式记账法?复式记账法有什么优缺点?答:复式记账法是对发生每一笔经济业务所引起会计要素的增减变动,以相等的金额同时在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行记录的一种方法。(3分)复式记账法的优点有两个: 一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。(2分)二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。(2分)14.为什么企业要进行期末账项调整?其包括哪几种类型?答:按照权责发生制基础的要求,不论款项是否支付,凡是本会计期间已经实现的收入和应该负担的费用都要计入本期的收入和费用,凡是不属于本期收入和本期应该负担的费用,即使相关款项已经收付,也不能计入本会计期间的收入和费用。因此,每个会计期末都要对已经人账和没有人账的相关收入、费用进行必要的调整,以便正确计算本期损益。(4分)账项调整的内容有五种类型:应计收入的调整;预收收入的调整;应计费用的调整;预付费用的调整;其他账项的调整。(4分)15.总分类账与明细分类账的联系与区别是什么?答:总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系、又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务的内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。总分类账提供的经济指标,是明细分类账资料的综合,对所属明细分类账起着统驭和控制作用;明细分类账是对有关总账的补充,起着辅助和补充说明作用。16.财务报表的信息质量要求有哪些?答:我国财政部颁布的《企业会计准则——基本准则》对财务报表所反映的会计信息质量提出了八项要求:(1)客观性要求。是指会计核算应当以实际发生的经济业务为依据,如实反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量。(2)相关性要求。是指企业提供约会计信息应当与财务会计报告使用者的经济决策需要相关,有助于财务会计报告使用者对企业过去。现在或者未来的情况作出评价或者预测。(3)明晰性要求。明晰性要求实质上是要实现财务报表的可理解性,即企业编制的财务会计报告要清晰明了,便于理解和利用。(4)可比性要求。是指企业的会计核算按照规定的会计处理方法进行,会计指标应当口径一致,相互可比。可比性要求包括纵向可比和横向可比两方面要求。(5)实质重于形式要求。是指企业应当按照交易或者事项的经济实质进行会计确认、计量和报告,不应仅以交易或者事项的法律形式为依据。(6)重要性要求。是指企业在会计核算过程中对交易或事项应当区别其重要程度,采用不 同的报告方式。具体来说,对于那些对企业的经济活动或会计信息的使用者相对重要的会计事项,应单独报告,分项反映,力求准确,并在会计报告中重点说明;而对于那些次要的会计事项,在不影响会计信息真实可靠的情况下,则可适当简化会计核算和报告手续,合并反映。(7)谨慎性要求。是指会计人员在对某些经济业务或会计事项存在不同的会计处理方法和程序可供选择时,在不影响合理选择的前提下,以尽可能选择不虚增利润和夸大所有者权益的会计处理方法和程序进行会计处理,要求合理核算和报告可能发生的损失和费用。(8)及时性要求。是指企业的会计核算应当及时进行,不得提前或延后,以保证会计信息的及时利用。17.什么是记账凭证?如何审核记账凭证?答:记账凭证是会计人员根据审核无误的原始凭证及有关资料,按照经济业务的内容加以归类、并确定会计分录而填制的、直接作为登记账簿依据的凭证。(2分)记账凭证审核的内容包括有:(1)内容是否真实记账凭证是否附有原始凭证,记账凭证的经济内容是否与所附原始凭证的内容相同、金额是否相等。(2分)(2)会计科目和金额是否正确审核记账凭证应借、应贷的会计科目(包括一级科目、明细科目)对应关系是否清晰、金额是否正确。(2分)(3)项目是否齐全记账凭证中的项目是否填制完整,日期、凭证编号、附件张数有关人员的签章是否齐全;摘要是否清楚。(2分)18.我国会计法律规范分为哪几个层次?各包含哪些主要内容?答:我国的会计法律规范包括会计法、会计行政法规、会计准则(制度)三个层次。(1分)(1)会计法是调整整个国民经济活动中会计关系的法律规范的总称。是一切会计法规的母法,在会计法体系中处于最核心的地位和最高的层次,是制定其他会计法规的依据和指导一切会计工作的准绳,具有普遍适用性和指导性的特点。(2分)(2)会计行政管理法规,包括会计行政法规、地方性会计法规和会计规章。(2分)(3)会计制度按会计主体不同分为企业会计制度和非企业会计制度两大类,前者规范企业的会计核算工作,后者规范非企业单位的会计核算工作。另外,会计准则是依据《会计法》制定的关于会计核算的规范。(2分)19.什么是平行登记?其要点是什么?答:所谓平行登记,就是对发生的每一项经济业务,一方面要在有关的总分类账户中进行总括登记,另一方面还要在其所属的有关明细账户中进行明细登记。 平行登记的要点有:(1)总分类账与明细分类账登记的依据相同;(2)总分类账与明细分类账登记的方向一致;(3)总分类账与明细分类账登记的金额相等。20.财务报表的种类有哪些?答:不同性质的会计主体,由于会计核算的具体内容和经济管理的要求不同,其财务报表的种类也不尽相向。对企业而言,可按照以下不同的标准将财务报表划分成不同的类别:(1)按经济内容分类。按财务报表反映内容的不同,可分为静态报表和动态报表。静态报表是指综合反映企业某一特定时点资产、负债和所有者权益情况的报表,如资产负债表;动态报表是指综合反映企业一定时期的经营情况、现金流动情况以及所有者权益变动情况的报表,如利润表、现金流量表和所有者权益变动表。(2)按编报时间分类。按财务报表编报时间的不同,可分为中报和年报。中报,即中期报表,是在年度中间的某一时期对外提供的财务报表。中期报表涵盖的时间短于一个会计年度,包括月报、季报和半年报。年报,即年度报表,是在年末编制的,按年度反映企业年末财务状况和年度内经营成果、现金流量的财务报表。一般而言,月报要求简明扼要,及时反映;年报要求揭示完整,反映全面;而季报和半年报在会计信息的详细程度方面,则介于两者之间。(3)按编制主体分类。按财务报表编制主体,可分为个别财务报表和合并财务报表,这种划分是在企业对外单位进行投资情况下,基于特殊财务关系而形成的。个别财务报表是指投资企业或接受投资企业编制的,只反映投资企业或接受投资企业本身的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表;合并财务报表是指投资企业在对外投资占被投资企业的资本总额半数以上(或者实质上拥有被投资企业控制权)的情况下,根据本企业和被投资企业的个别财务报表编制的,反映投资企业与被投资企业整体的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表。21.什么是内部会计控制制度?其基本内容有哪些?答:内部会计控制制度,是指各单位根据国家会计法律、法规、规章、制度的规定,结合本单位经营管理和业务管理的特点和要求而制定的旨在规范单位内部会计管理活动的制度和办法。(4分)内部会计控制制度的基本内容具体包括内部会计控制体系,会计人员岗位责任制度,账务处理程序制度,内部牵制制度,计量验收制度,财产清查制度,财务收支审批制度,成本核算制度和财务会计分析制度。(4分)22.什么是会计账簿?其有何作用?有哪些种类? 答:会计账簿是按照会计科目开设的,由一定格式的账页组成,以记账凭证为依据,全面地、连续地、系统地、综合地记录企事业单位经济业务的簿籍。设置和登记账簿是会计工作的重要环节,也是会计信息处理的一个重要的专门方法。各单位通过设置和登记账簿,可以把分散在会计凭证上的大量核算资料,加以集中和归类整理,为编制财务报表提供重要依据。会计账簿在会计核算中的主要作用有:①通过登记会计账簿,可以把会计凭证所提供的资料归类汇总,形成集中的、系统的、全面的会计核算资料;②会计账簿是反映、监督经济活动,考核各部门经济责任的重要手段;③会计账簿为编制财务报表提供主要的数据资料。会计账簿形式多种多样,不同的会计账簿所登记的内容及登记的方法各不相同。我们可以按不同标准对会计账簿进行分类:①按其用途的不同可以分为序时账簿、分类账簿和备查账簿三种;②按其形式的不同可分为订本式账簿、活页式账簿和卡片式账簿;③按账页格式的不同可以分为三栏式账簿、多栏式账簿和数量金额式账簿等。23.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?各有什么优缺点?各自适用于哪些存货?答:实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计人账簿。采用实地盘存制,虽然平时能简化记账工作,但核算手续不严密,不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货减少和结余情况,工作中如出现差错、毁损、被盗丢失等情况,均计入本期发出数,从而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。因此,实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。采用这种方法,虽然能在账簿中及时反映各项存货的增减变动及结存情况,但也有可能发生账实不符的情况。因此,也需要对各项存货进行实地盘点,以查明账实是否相符,以及账实不符的原因。采用永续盘存制,虽然加大了日常核算工作量,但手续严密,通过明细账簿可以随时了解存货的收入、发出和结存情况,有利于加强存货管理。因此,在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。最新国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明:2022年春期电大把《管理英语4》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核,它共有八个单元自测 。针对该门课程,给出了每个单元自测的二套标准题库,在考试中可多次抽取试题,直至与其中的一套答案相近即可。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案,敬请查看。单元自测1第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Thisprojectistoobigformetofinishontime.选择一项:C.I’llgiveyouahand题目2—Ithinkthingshavebeenabitdifficultforusthelastcoupleofmonths.—__________.We’vebeenworkinghard,butstillgettingbehind.选择一项:A.You’reright题目3AT&Tfoundthatemployeeswithbetterplanninganddecision-makingskillswere______tobepromotedintomanagementjobs.选择一项:A.morelikely题目4TheHumanResourceManagingDepartmentatHondaisgivenspecificinstructions______employthebestpossibleworkers.选择一项:C.onhowto题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。WhoKilledNokia?  Nokiaexecutivesattemptedtoexplainitsfallfromthetopofthesmartphonepyramidwith threefactors:1)thatNokiawastechnicallyinferiortoApple,2)thatthecompanywascomplacentand3)thatitsleadersdidn’tseethedisruptiveiPhonecoming.  Ithasalsobeenarguedthatitwasnoneoftheabove.Nokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseofdivergentsharedfearsamongthecompany’smiddleandtopmanagerswhichledtocompany-wideinertiathatleftitpowerlesstorespondtoApple’sgame.  Basedonthefindingsofanin-depthinvestigationand76interviewswithtopandmiddlemanagers,engineersandexternalexperts,theresearchersdiscoveredacultureoffearduetotemperamentalleadersandthatfrightenedmiddlemanagerswerescaredoftellingthetruth.  Thefearthatfrozethecompanycamefromtwoplaces.First,thecompany’stopmanagershadaterrifyingreputation.SomemembersofNokia’sboardandtopmanagementweredescribedas“extremelytemperamental”andtheyregularlyshoutedatpeople“atthetopoftheirlungs”.Itwasverydifficulttotellthemthingstheydidn’twanttohear.Secondly,topmanagerswereafraidoftheexternalenvironmentandnotmeetingtheirquarterlytargets,whichalsoimpactedhowtheytreatedmiddlemanagers.  Topmanagersthusmademiddlemanagersafraidofdisappointingthem.Middlemanagersweretoldthattheywerenotambitiousenoughtomeettopmanagers’goals.  Fearingthereactionsoftopmanagers,middlemanagersremainedsilentorprovidedoptimistic,filteredinformation.Thus,middlemanagersdirectlyliedtotopmanagement.  Worse,acultureofstatusinsideNokiamadeeveryonewanttoholdontovestedpowerforfearofresourcesbeingallocatedelsewhereiftheydeliveredbadnewsorshowedthattheywerenotboldorambitiousenoughtoundertakechallengingassignments.  Beyondverbalpressure,topmanagersalsoappliedpressureforfasterperformanceinpersonnelselection.Thisledmiddlemanagerstooverpromiseandunderdeliver.Onemiddlemanagertoldusthat“youcangetresourcesbypromisingsomethingearlier,orpromisingalot.It’ssaleswork.”  Whilemodestfearmightbehealthyformotivation,abusingitcanbelikeoverusingadrug,whichrisksgeneratingharmfulsideeffects.Toreducethisrisk,leadersshouldcoordinatewiththevariedemotionsofthestaff.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhaveencouragedsafedialogue,internalcoordinationandfeedbacktounderstandthetrueemotionintheorganization.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.NokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseitstechnologyisnotasgoodasthatofApple. F2.Nokia’smiddlemanagerswerefranktotellthetruth,butthetoponesdidn’tlistentothem.F3.Nokia’stopmanagersweretoomoodytohearanythinggoodbutharsh.T4.MiddlemanagersinNokiadeliveredresultsmorethantheypromisedearlier.F5.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhavehadbetterconversationtechniquestoencourageinternalcoordinationandtruth.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)—Couldyougiveusaspeechonmanagementfunctionssomedaythisweek?选择一项:C.I’dloveto,butI’mbusythisweek题目2—Wecouldletsomeofthestaffworkfromhome.________________?—That’sagoodidea.选择一项:B.Whatdoyouthinkofit题目3______hisangertheemployeescalledhimMr.Thunder,buttheylovedhim.选择一项:A.Dueto题目4Itisthroughenthusiasmandquietintensity______wetransformcreativityandvisionintothetechnologies.选择一项:A.that题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate 题目6二、听力理解:听录音,选择最佳答案(共50分)。操作提示:通过下拉选项框,选择答案。1.WhatkindofroleisMelindatakingonforherjob?C.Projectcoordinator.2.HowlongwillMelindabetrainedforhernewrole?B.Halfamonth.3.HowoftenshouldMelindareporttotheboardontheprogressoftheproject?A.Onceamonth.4.WhatkindofcontractcanMelindasignwithoutsidecontractors?B.Standardtemporary-workercontract.5.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtoMelinda’sresponsibilities?A.Formulatetheindustrystandardofpayment.单元自测2第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—____________________identifytheproblemsthathavebeenoccurring?—Well,asyouknow,theproblemswehadwithGarycausedalotoffrictionamongtheteam.选择一项:C.Areyouableto题目2—Ifyoucan’tsaywhatyou’vecometosayatthemeeting,what’sthepoint?—____________________,butIthinkyoumightneedtochangeyourapproachsomewhat.选择一项:B.Icanseethat题目3WhenthemessagefinallyreachedtheCommandCenter,it__________“mutated”tobecome—“Sendthreeandfour-pence,we’regoingtoadance.”选择一项:B.had 题目4EverytimeItriedtosaysomething,hewould______tosomethingelse.选择一项:B.moveon题目5Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。HabitsofHighlyEffectiveCommunicators  It’snosecretthatgoodleadersarealsogoodcommunicators.Indeed,communicationandleadershipareinextricablytied.Howcanyougalvanize,inspireorguideothersifyoudon’tcommunicateinaclear,credibleandauthenticway?Hereare5essentialcommunicationpracticesofeffectiveleaders:  1.Mindthesay-dogap.Trustisthebedrockofeffectiveleadership–yourbehaviorisyoursinglegreatestmodeofcommunication,anditmustbecongruentwithwhatyousay.Ifyouractionsdon’talignwithyourwords,youarestoringuptroubleforthefuture.  2.Makethecomplexsimple.Effectiveleadersdistillcomplexthoughtsandstrategiesintosimple,memorabletermsthatcolleaguesandcustomerscangraspandactupon.Themostimportantthingistoclarifywhatyouwanttosay,lookoutfortechnicaljargonandavoidbusinessspeak,whichaddcomplexity.Saywhatyoumeaninasfewwordsaspossible.  3.Findyourownvoice.Uselanguagethat’sdistinctlyyourown;letyourvaluescomethroughinyourcommunication.Correctuseoflanguageandgrammarareimportant,ofcourse,butdon’tbecomeoverlyfixatedoneloquenceforeloquence’ssake;concentrateonbeingdistinctandreal.Peoplewantreal,peoplerespectreal,peoplefollowreal.  4.BevisibleVisibilityisaboutlettingyourkeystakeholdersgetafeelforwhoyouareandwhatyoucareabout.Don’thidebehindacomputerandonlyinteractwithpeopleelectronically–seethemfacetofaceandvoicetovoice,andinteractwiththeminareal,substantialway.Intoday’senvironment,wherepeopleareoftenburnedout,it’simportantforemployeestohave apersonalconnectionwithyouandtheworkyoubelievein.Showthepeoplethatworkforyouthatyou’reengagedandthatyoucareaboutthemandtheirwork.  5.Listenwithyoureyesaswellasyourears.Effectivecommunicationisatwo-wayprocess,andgoodleadersknowhowtoaskgoodquestions,andthenlistenwithboththeireyesandtheirears.Becauseyouareinapositionofauthority,othersmaybereluctanttoexpresstheirrealopinionstoyoudirectly.Youwon’talwaysgetdirectfeedback,soyouneedtoalsobeabletoreadbetweenthelinesandlookforthenon-verbalcues.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Communicationandleadershipdon’talwaysgohandinhand.F2.Thesay-dogaphappenswhenpeoplemisunderstandtheirleader’sintention.F3.Usingtechnicaljargonmakesaleaderconvincing.F4.Communicatingsincerelyisalwaysthebest.T5.Observationisasimportantascommunicationwhenyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplereallythink.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Howdidyourmeetinggoyesterday?—____________________actually,itwasreallyfrustrating.选择一项:A.Notsogood题目2—Howcanyouexplainthelatestsituation?—____________________,Iknowitisallmyfault.选择一项:A.Sorry题目3Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering 题目4Ithinktheprimary______factoristhere’sbeensomuchabsencelately.选择一项:A.contributing题目5He’sleftnow,butproductivityhasn’t______thatmuch.选择一项:C.pickedup题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。WhatWeHaveHere:AFailuretoCommunicate  Itistheweirdething.Therearemorewaysthanevertocommunicatewithpeople,yetitsometimesseemslikeitismoredifficulttoconnect—andstayconnected—withanyone.  Shouldyoushootoffanemail?Tapoutatext?PostaprivatemessageonFacebook?WriteontheirFacebookwall?Skype,poke,pingorconjurethemuponadigitaltincanphone?  Andonceyoureachsomeone,youwonder:Ishepayingattention?Howdoyouknow?Evenwiththetechno-easeofcountlesscommunicationdevices,conversationscanstillbetroublesome.Questionsareaskedandansweredoutoforder.Instructionsanddirectionsgohalf-read.Meetingsarebotched.Feelingsarehurt.单元自测3第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—WillyouhelpmearrangeameetingwithMr.Brown,please?选择一项:C.SorryIcan’t.Ihavetofinishmyprojectrightnow. 题目3IfItakethetimetotalkwithmymanageratthebeginningofaproject,we______offtoagreatstartonthesamepage.选择一项:A.canget题目4IbelievethatIhavealottocontribute______ateamenvironment,andamcomfortableinbothleadershipandplayerroles.选择一项:A.to题目5Theteamcreatesanenvironment______peoplearecomfortableincommunicating,advocatingpositions,andtakingaction.选择一项:C.inwhich题目6阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。TipsforTeamBuilding  Whenyouthinkofteambuilding,doyouimmediatelypictureyourgroupoffataresortplayinggamesorhangingfromropes?Traditionally,manyorganizationsapproachteambuildinginthiswaybut,then,theywonderwhythatwonderfulsenseofteamworkthathadbeendisplayedattheretreatortheseminarfailstoimpactlongtermbeliefsandactionsbackatwork.  I’mnotaversetoretreats,planningsessions,seminarsandteambuildingactivities—infactIleadthem—buttheyhavetoformpartofamuchlargerteamworkeffort.Youwillnotbuildteamworkby“retreating”asagroupforacoupleofdayseachyear,insteadyouneedtothinkofteambuildingassomethingyoudoeverysingleday.  •Formteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocesses.Providetraininginsystematicmethodssotheteamexpendsitsenergyontheproject,notontryingtoworkouthowtoworktogetherasateamtoapproachtheproblem.  •Holddepartmentmeetingstoreviewprojectsandprogress,toobtainbroadinput,andtocoordinatesharedworkprocesses.Ifthereisfrictionbetweenteammembers,examinethework processestheymutuallyown—theproblemisnotusuallytheirpersonalities;instead,itisoftenthefactthattheteammembershaven’tagreedonhowtheywilldeliveraproductorservice,orthestepsrequiredtogetsomethingdone.  •Buildfunandsharedoccasionsintotheorganization’sagenda—holdpotlucklunches,taketheteamtoasportingevent,sponsordinnersatalocalrestaurant,gohikingorgotoanamusementpark.Holdamonthlycompanymeeting,sponsorsportsteamsandencouragecheeringteamfans.  •Useicebreakersandteamworkexercisesatmeetings—thesehelpteammembersgettoknoweachother,sharedetailsabouteachotherslives,andhavealaughtogether.  •Celebrateteamsuccessespublicly.Therearemanywaysyoucoulddothis,forinstancebybuyingeveryonethesameT-shirtorhat,puttingteammembernamesinadrawforcompanymerchandiseandgiftcertificates.Theonlythinglimitingyouisyourimagination.  Ifyoudothetypesofteamworkbuildinglistedabove,you’llbeamazedattheprogressyouwillmakeincreatingateamworkculture,aculturethatenablesindividualstocontributemorethantheyeverthoughtpossible—together.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Teambuildingeventistraditionallyrelatedtoplayinggamesatresort.T2.Theauthorclaimsthatplayinggamestogetherisasimportantasformteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocessesforteambuilding.F3.“Retreat”inthefirstparagraphmeanswithdrawaloftroopsafteradefeat.F4.Icebreakingmotivatesteammemberscompetewitheachother.F5.Agoodteamworkcultureenablesindividualsmakemoreeffortstogether.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—CouldIborrowyouriPadforafewhours?选择一项: B.Sure,hereyouare.Enjoyyourtime.题目3Regularandconcretefeedbackisimportant______whoisnotperforminguptoherpotential.选择一项:B.whendealingwithaworker题目4Teammembersare______asuniquepeoplewithirreplaceableexperiences,pointsofview,andknowledgetocontribute.选择一项:B.viewed题目5Inhighschool,Iamequallycomfortable______asamemberofateamandindependently.选择一项:B.working题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。ATeamworkGame  Ateamofabout35employeeshadcometogetherforateambuildingevent.Theywereayoung,brightandenthusiasticteam.However,oneoftheirchiefproblemswasthefactthattheywouldn’tshareinformationorsolutionswitheachother,andtheteamleaderthoughttheyweretoofocusedonthemselvesandnotontheteam.Asaresult,shebroughtthemallintothecafeteria.Allofthetablesandchairshadbeenstoredaway,andfundecorationsandhundredsofdifferentcoloredballoonshadbeenplacedaroundtheroom.  Inthecenteroftheroomwasabigboxofballoonsthathadn’tbeenblownupyet.Theteamleaderinstructedeverybodytopickaballoon,blowitup,andwritetheirnameonit,buttheyhadtobecarefulnottobursttheballoon.  Althoughtheyweregivenasecondchanceiftheirfirstballoonpopped,theywereoutofthegamethesecondtimeround.Intheend,about30teammemberswrotetheirnameswithouttheirballoonspopping.Theywerethenaskedtoleavetheroomand,afterfiveminutes,theteamleaderbroughtthembackinandaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.After15minutesofsearching,noonehadfoundtheirballoon, andtheteamweretoldthattheywerethengoingtomoveontothethirdroundoftheactivity.  Inthisround,eachteammemberwasinstructedtofindanyballoonwithanameonitandthengivethatballoontothepersonwhosenamewasonit.Withintwominutes,everybodyhadtheirownballoon.Theteamleadersummarizedtheactivitythus:“Wearemuchmoreefficientwhenwearewillingtosharewitheachotherandmuchbetteratproblemsolvingwhenweareworkingtogether,notindividually.”  Sometimes,membersofteamscreateobstaclesbyfocusingsolelyontheirownpursuitsandgoals.Everymemberoftheteamshouldaskthemselvesonaregularbasiswhattheyaredoingandwhattheycandofortheteam.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.ThisteambuildingeventwasaimedatB.makingtheteammembersknowhowtoshareinformationorsolutionsandcooperatewitheachother2.ThiseventwasheldinA.aself-servicerestaurant3.Abouthowmanyteammemberswereoutofthesecondroundoftheactivity?C.5.4.Whichstatementbelowiscorrect?C.Inthethirdround,everybodyhadtheirownballoonwithhelpfromotherswithin2minutes.5.Whatwastheeventgoingtoteachtheseemployees?A.Sharingandcooperatingwithotherteammembersismoreefficientwhentheyareworkingtogether.单元自测4第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目2—DoyoumindifIusevoucherstospendinarestaurant? 选择一项:B.Notatall.Goahead.题目3Theleader______atcreatingopportunitiestoproviderewards,recognitionandthankstohisorherstaff.选择一项:C.excels题目4______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Humanresourcessupportedtheproposalofgivingthebusinessintelligenceapayincentiveeverythreemonthsatthebeginning.F2.BradfromhumanresourcessupportsScott’sidea.T3.CarlottaisthemanagerofHRD.F4.Menandwomeninthebusinessintelligenceteamwhohavebeenselectedtogettheprizewillreceivethesamerewardingthings.F5.Theprize-winnercannotchoosetheprizethatcostsmorethan$500.7.Theprize-winnercanonlyhavematerialawardsandnodayoff.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Wow!Thisisafantasticproject!I’veneverknownyou’resocreative.选择一项:C.Thanksforyourcompliments.题目2—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目3______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目4Companiesare______interestedinyoursoftskills______theyareinyourhardskills.选择一项:B.as…as…题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowGoogleContinuestoKeepEmployeesHappy  WorkingforGoogleisadreamofmany,notjustbecauseofwhatthiscompanyhasachievedinthelast15years,butbecauseofitsenviableworkculture.Withabout37,000employeesin40countries,youmightwonderhowGooglemaintainsamotivatingworkexperiencethroughoutitsentirecompany.  WorkingforGooglecomeswithperksthatmostotherorganizationscan’tprovide–bowlingalleys,freehaircuts,gymmemberships,andshuttlestoandfromwork.Thecompany’ssecrettosuccessisputtingthesameamountoftimeandeffortintokeepingemployeeshappyasitdoesintoinnovatingproducts.   Backwhenthecompanywasjustastart-up,co-foundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinhadthegoalofmakingGoogleaplacethemosttalentedpeoplewantedtoworkat.Theirideawassimple:creatingaworkculturethatkeepsemployeeshappywillmotivatethemtodotheirbestandwillkeepthemloyaltothecompany.  “It’slessabouttheaspirationtobeNo.1intheworld,andmorethatwewantouremployeesandfutureonestoloveithere,becausethat’swhat’sgoingtomakeussuccessful,”saidKarenMay,theVicePresidentofpeopledevelopmentatGoogle.  Googlealsomakesitsemployeeswanttoworkbecausemanagersprovidetasksthatareinspiringandchallenging.EveryemployeeatGooglehastheopportunitytospend20%ofhisorherworkingtimeonaprojecttheychoose.Thisfreedomtakesemployeesoutoftheirroutineandawayfromthemundanetasksthatoftenmakeworkersfeeluninspiredabouttheirjobs.  Lastly,Googleshowseachemployeejusthowimportantheorsheistothecompany.Eachemployee,regardlessofherspotonthetotempole,hasaninfluenceonhowGoogleperforms.  “Ifyouvaluepeople,andcareaboutthemaswholepeople,onethingyoudoisgivingthemavoice,andyoureallylisten,”Maysaid.  GoogledoesjustthatbyhostingemployeeforumseveryFriday,wheretheydiscussthe20most-askedquestions.Employeeshaveaccesstoallcompanyinformation,addingasenseoftrust,andemployeesandleadersworktogethertosolveproblems.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.HowwouldyoudescribeGoogle?B.Largeglobalenterprises2.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtothemethodsthatGooglemotivateitsemployees?A.PromotingtheemployeewhohasmoreinfluenceonGooglethehigherjobposition.3.WhofoundedGoogle?A.LarryPageandSergeyBrin4.IfyouareanormalemployeeofGoogle,whatcouldyoudoEXCEPT?B.Onlyworkfortheprojectyouchoose.5.WhatisGoogle’ssecrettosuccess?C.Valuingthehappinessofitsemployeesasmuchasinnovatinggoodproducts.单元自测5第一套 一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Whydidn’tyoucometomybirthdaypartyyesterday?选择一项:B.Sorry,butmywifehadacaraccident.题目3Myleathershoescostme________thelastpairsIbought.选择一项:C.threetimesasmuchas题目4Theworkmenwantto________thenumberofworkinghoursandtoincreasepay.选择一项:B.decrease题目5Lindawalkedatthehead,________byhercolleagues.选择一项:A.followed题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。PerformanceManagementandPerformanceAppraisal  Performancemanagementaimstoacknowledgeemployeeachievements,supporttheirpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment,andmotivateandempowerthemtoperformtheirworkeffectively.Performancemanagementhelpsemployeestodeveloptheirunderstanding,knowledgeandskillssothattheycancontributetotheachievementoftheenterprise’sgoalsandgainpersonalandjobsatisfaction.Itisavitalpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.  Everyenterprisewantsandshouldexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.Theelementsofacompetency-basedperformancemanagementsystemwill,ifimplementedwell,enablehigh performancewhichwilldefineenterpriseandpersonalsuccess.Usingperformancemanagementprocesses,anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallenges.Thisisdoneby:  ●identifyingthecriticalpositions  ●determiningthemostimportantcompetenciesforthosepositions  ●providingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees  ●holdingeachpersonaccountablefortheirresults  Thekeytotheperformancemanagementprocessis‘performanceappraisal’.Performanceappraisalissimplyanevaluationofhowwellanemployeeperformshisorherjobcomparedtoasetofpredeterminedstandards.Itisasystematicprocessoffeedbackonanemployee’sworkperformance,andagreementtofuturetrainingplans,jobgoalsandjobaspirations.  Tobeeffective,aperformanceappraisalneedstohaveasetofagreedcriteriathatwillbethebasisoffeedbackaswellasofsettingfuturegoals.Unitsofcompetencyprovideaveryeffectivetoolforsettingbenchmarksorcriteriaforworkperformance.Theperformancecriteriawithinunitsofcompetencycanbeusedasmeasurestoassessagainstinaperformanceappraisalorreview.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Performancemanagementisaveryimportantpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.T2.Theaimofperformancemanagementistopunishtheunqualifiedemployees.F3.Anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallengesbyprovidingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees,forexample.T4.Everyenterprisecanexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.F5.“Performancemanagement”isalsocalled“performanceappraisal”.F第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Over-the-top?Youmean…选择一项: A.Well,sometimesyourco-workersfeelthatyouaretooloud.题目3Theyhavecometotheconclusion________thiswinterwillbeevencolderthanbefore.选择一项:A.that题目4Pleaseaskthesolicitorwhathis________wouldbetotakethecasetocourt.选择一项:B.fee题目5Achild’scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhishome________.选择一项:B.environment题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowtoHandleaBadPerformanceReview  Gettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopeless.Butit’snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong,youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature,adultmanner.Herearesomesuggestions:  Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially,donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besides,thepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.  WhattoDoWhenReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  It’sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.  WhattoDoAfterReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  Don’tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.Itisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththe bedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.  WaystoImproveaBadPerformanceReview  Awaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Staycalmandlistencarefully.2.Whatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Learnfromthereview.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudonotagreewiththebadperformancereview?B.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.4.HowdoyouimproveabadperformancereviewA.Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.5.Whyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?B.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.单元自测6第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Whichofthesehatsdoyouwant?—_______.Eitherwilldo.选择一项:A.Idon’tmind题目2—Ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,nooneelsewill.—_____.Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项: C.Icouldn’tagreemore题目3Redundancyhappenswhenemployeesneedto_____theirworkforce.Andasaresult,someonegetsdismissedfromwork.选择一项:C.reduce题目4Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  OnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzed(瘫痪)fromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofdisabilitywithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe“haves”tothe“have-nots”.Orsowethought.  Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusethemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith“funny”ifweneedalaugh,ortothe“disabled”boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou. 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIhavethreedaysoffnextweek,Mr.Smith?—_____.Icanmanagewithoutyou.选择一项:B.Ofcourse题目2—I’mgoingtoBeijingforafewdays.—_______.IwishIcouldgowithyou.选择一项:C.Ireallyenvyyou题目3Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目4All_____glitters(闪闪发光)isnotgold.选择一项:A.that题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。JackWelchLeadingOrganizationalChangeatGE  WhenJackWelch,theChairmanandCEOatGeneralElectric(GE)retiredin2001,hecouldlookbackataverysuccessfulcareer.HebecameCEOin1981attheageof45.Atthattime,GEhadaverycomplexorganizationalstructurewithconsiderablybureaucraticrules.  Oneofhisfirstchangeswastoinitiateastrategyformulationprocesswiththeguideline thateachofthebusinessesshouldbenumber1or2intheirrespectiveareas.Ifthiswasnotthecase,managershadtheoptionsoffixingtheproblem,sellingtheirparticularbusiness,orclosingit.Inanefforttostreamlinetheorganization,Welchremovedthesectorlevelandeliminatedthousandsofsalariedandhourlyemployeepositions.  TherestructuringwasfollowedbychangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.OnesuchprogramwastheWork-Out(群策群力).Groupsofmanagerswereassembledtosharetheirviewsopenlyinthree-daysessions.Atthebeginningofthemeetings,thesuperiorpresentedthechallengesforhisorherorganizationalunit.Thenthesuperiorhadtoleave,requestingthegroupstofindsolutionstotheproblems.Facilitators(会议主持人)helpedthesediscussions.Onthelastday,thesuperiorwaspresentedwithproposedsolutions.Heorshethenhadthreechoices:toaccepttheproposal,nottoacceptit,ortocollectmoreinformation.Thisprocessputgreatpressureonthesuperiortomakedecisions.  AnotherprogramtoimproveeffectivenessandefficiencywasBestPractices.Theaimwastolearnfromothercompanieshowtheyobtainedcustomersatisfaction,howtheyrelatedtotheirsuppliers,andinwhatwaystheydevelopednewproducts.ThishelpedtheGEpeopletofocusontheprocessesintheiroperationsthatwouldimprovethecompany’sperformance.  JackWelchwaspersonallyinvolvedindevelopingmanagersatGE’strainingcenterinCrotonville.Leaders,Welchsuggested,arenotonlythosewhoachieveresultsbutalsothosewhosharethevaluesofthecompany.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.JackWelchretiredattheageof65.T2.JackWelchinsistedthateachofthebusinessesshouldbeatleastnumber3intheirrespectivearea.F3.IfthebusinesscouldnotmeetWelch’schangerequirements,itsmanagerhad3choices.T4.TherestructuringwentbeforechangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.T5.TheWorkOutlastedaweek.F单元自测7第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Terriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourdictionary?—Yes,______________.选择一项:A.ofcourse题目2—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目3Allthe_____guestsareseatedinthefrontrow.选择一项:C.distinguished题目4______onthehilltop,youcouldenjoythesceneryofthecitybathedinthesun.选择一项:A.Standing题目5______theimportanceofEnglish,weshouldputmoreeffortintoitandtrytolearnitwell.选择一项:A.Given题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Twodifferentcorporateculturesarediscussedinthedialog.T2.Melinda’scompanyalsohasacreativeculture.F3.AccordingtoJack,theimportantthingistohiretherightemployeesinthefirstplace.T4.Inacreativecultureteamworkisnotencouraged.F5.Acreativecultureisbetterthanacollaborativeculture.F 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目2—TheAutoShowintheCityStadiumhasbeencanceled.—Oh,no!_________选择一项:A.Whatapity!题目3Thereason_____hewasabsentfromclassyesterdaywasthathewasillandhospitalized.选择一项:B.why题目4Compared______English,Chineseisgenerallybelievedtobemoredifficulttolearn.选择一项:A.with题目5Whatcanweexpect____him?选择一项:B.from题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  Whatismuseum?Amuseumisagoodplacetokeepoldandbeautifulthings.Amuseummaybeaplacetolearnaboutscience.AmuseumcanbeaplaceaboutartofIndiansoranimals.Whatisinsideamuseum?Somemuseumshaveoldcarsandairplanes.Manymuseumshavepicturesandstatues(雕像).Othershaverocksandoldbones.Onemuseumevenhasacoalmineinside!Many citieshavemuseums.Someverysmalltownshavemuseums,too.Indianapolishasachildren’smuseum.Childrendonothavetopaytogetin.Childrengotothemuseumoften.Theyliketolookatthedinosaurbones.Theyseeawhitebeartenfeettall.Theygoinsideanoldlogcabin(小木屋).OnSaturday,Indianapolischildrencanheartalksaboutanimalsandtrees.Theyseemovies.单元自测8第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyoudon’t.—____________________Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项:C.Icouldn’tagreemore.题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3please______yourhandifyouhaveanyquestionatall.选择一项:A.raise题目4We________withachievement.选择一项:B.areobsessed题目5Whenpeoplearesurroundedby______communicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.选择一项:B.constant题目6 二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowDoYouCreateaCultureofInnovation?  Haveyounoticedthecourageburiedinthewordencourage?Tocreateacultureinwhichinnovationflourishestakescourage.Determinedinnovatorsarealwayscourageousenoughtoestablishacultureinwhichinnovationisgreatlyencouragedandrewarded.Herearethreewaystodothat.  Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Thinkofinnovationstrategyasapyramid:bigbetsatthetop,afewprojectsindevelopmentinthemiddle,andabroadbaseofcontinuousimprovements,lastingcontributions,andearly-stagenewideasatthebottom.  Definejobsaroundinnovation.Makeitajobprerequisite.Consider3M’smovetobecomeoneofthefirstcompaniestotellprofessionalsthattheycouldspend15percentoftheirtimeonprojectsoftheirownchoosing.Nowmanyhigh-techcompaniesknowthattheycan’tgetthebesttalentwithoutprovidingthiskindofflexibility.Andsomeofthoseself-selected,self-organizedprojectsmightevenresultinablockbusterproductorlineofbusiness.For3M,itwasthePost-itnote.  Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Tobuildacultureofcreativityandinnovation,Gillettedevelopedaninnovationfairinwhicheveryunitcouldshowoffitsmostpromisingnewconcepts.Itshowsthateveryonehasaroletoplayinacultureofinnovation.  Togofromideatosuccessfulinnovationrequiresagreatdealofsupportandcollaboration.Whenpeoplearesurroundedbyconstantcommunicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatisnecessaryincreatinginnovationculture?B.courage2.Howdoes3Mcreateitsinnovationculture?B.definejobsaroundinnovation.3.Thewordprerequisitein“Makeitajobprerequisite”meansA.requiredasapriorcondition4.HowdoesGillettecreateitsinnovationculture?C.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany. 5.TheformationfromideatoinnovationneedsC.supportandcooperation第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—It’saboutasuccessfulbusinessman’smanagementexperience,isn’tit?选择一项:B.That’sright!题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3______wecan’tcompeteintermsofsizeIdobelieveweholdanadvantageintermsofdedicationtocustomerservice.选择一项:C.Although题目4Thekey______successfulimplementationisclearlycommunicatingthestrategytothewholecompany.选择一项:A.to题目5Weneed________communicationskills:listencarefully,thinkbeforeyouspeakandmanageconflictsdiplomatically.选择一项:A.outstanding题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。   ThiseveningImetafriendatalocalbar.Shebroughtherlaptopalongsoshecouldshowmesomeofherlatestdigitalartdesigns.Aswelookedthroughherartwork,thelaptopsuddenlystartedmakinganunhealthynoise,thenthescreentwinkledonandoffandthencutoffcompletely.Andaswebothstaredatoneanothersurprisingly,theterriblesmelloffriedcomputercircuitsappeared.  Igrabbedthelaptopoffthebartoinspectitandtheprobleminstantlyaroseitself.Thebottomofthelaptopwascompletelywetandempty,spiltwaterglassrestedagainstthesideofherpursejustbehindwherethelaptopwassitting.Whilewewerechattingandshiftingthelaptop’s17inchscreenbackandforth,wesomehowspiltaglassofwaterthatthewaiterhadinadvertently(无意地)placedbehindthescreen,whichwasoutofourview.  Whenlifethrowsidsometroubleslikethis,ittypicallydoesn’tmakeanysensetous,andournaturalemotionalreactionmightgetextremelyupsetatthetopofourlungs.Buthowdoesthishelpourdilemma?Obviously,itdoesn’t.  Thesmartestandhardestthingwecandointhesekindsofsituationsistobemoretemperedinourreaction.You’dbemuchwiserandmoredisciplinedthanscreamextremely.Youshouldrememberthatemotionalrageonlymakesmattersworse.Andpleaserememberthatonceithappens,thatwillgiveusanopportunitytogrowstronger.  Everydifficultmomentinourlivesisaccompaniedbyanopportunityforpersonalgrowthandcreativity.Butinordertoattainthisgrowthandcreativity.  Wemustfirstlearntocontrolouremotions.Wemustrecognizethatdifficultiespasslikeeverythinginourlife.
简介:2022年国家开放大学电大《基础会计》和《管理英语4》合集网络核心课形考网考作业及答案最新国家开放大学电大《基础会计》期末试题题库及答案(试卷号2003)考试说明:本人根据学员的需求汇总了历年来所有的期末试题及答案,形成了一个单项选择题、多项选择题、简答题的标准考试题库,对考生的复习和考试起着非常重要的作用,会给您节省大量的时间。做考题时,利用本文档中的查找工具(Ctrl+F),把考题中的关键字输到查找工具的查找内容框内,就可迅速查找到该题答案。本文库还有其他网核、机考及教学考一体化试题答案,敬请查看。一、单项选择题1.“决策有用观”是一种关于()的观点。A.会计目标2.()是会计的主要内容,是会计的基础。A.会计核算3.下列不属于会计要素的是()。D.成本4.下列经济业务中,会引起一项兔愤减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款5.在借贷记账法下,资产类账户的结构特点是()。A.借方记增加,贷方记减少,余额在借方6.“限额领料单”按其填制方法属于()。B.累计凭证7.当经济业务只涉及货币资金相互间的收付时,一般填制()。B.付款凭证8.登记日记账的方式是按照经济业务发生的时间先后顺序进行()。A.逐日逐笔登记9.明细账从账簿的外表形式上看一般采用()账簿。B.活页式10.在实地盘存制下,平时在账簿中对财产物资()。A.只记增加数,不记减少数11.“未达账项”是指单位与银行之间由于结算凭证传递的时间不同而造成的()。 C.一方已经人账,而另一方尚未登记人账的账项12.财产清查中发现某种材料盘亏时,在报经批准处理以前应作会计分录为()。B.借;待处理财产损溢贷:原材料13.下列不属于对外会计报表的是()。D.产品生产成本表14.个别会计报表与合并会计报表是会计报表按照()进行的分类。D.会计主体15.会计信息应当能够反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量,满足会计信息使用者的需要,这是会计核算的()。B.相关性原则16.下列不属于会计循环的业务是()。A.编制预算报告17.下列不属于会计核算基本前提的是()。C.权责发生制18.记账凭证核算形式的特点是直接根据各种记账凭证逐笔登记()。C.总分类账19.企业在进行会计核算时选择一种“不多计资产或收益,少计负债或费用”的会计处理方法,所遵循的是()。C.谨慎性原则20.“资产=负债+所有者权益”这一会计恒等式的右端,两个因素的位置()。A.不能颠倒21.下列经济业务中,会引起一项负债减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款22.下列会计科目中属于负债类科目的是()。B.预提费用23.()既反映了会计要素间的基本数量关系,同时也是复式记账法的理论依据。D.会计恒等式24.在借贷记账法下,负债类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少.余额在贷方25.按照账户的用途和结构分类,“固定资产”账户属于()。 A.盘存账户26.记账以后,如发现记账错误是由于记账凭证所列会计科目或记账方向有误引起的,应采用()进行错账更正。D.红字更正法27.下列属于静态报表的是()。C.资产负债表28.“应付账款”账户的期初余额为8000元,本期贷方发生额为12000元,期末余额为6000元,则该账户的本期借方发生额为()。B.14000元29.在借贷记账法下,所有者权益类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少,余额在贷方30.按照账户的经济内容分类,“原材料”账户属于()。A.流动资产账户31.其全部指标均依据有关账户余额填列的会计报表是()。A.资产负债表32.在进行会计核算时,应将企业财产与其他单位及投资者财产区别开来,是会计核算基本前提中关于()的要求。A.会计主体33.资产负债表的资产项目,说明了企业所拥有的各种经济资源以及企业()。A.偿还债务的能力34.清查银行存款所采用的方法一般是()。D.对账单法35.下列单据中属于外来原始凭证的有()。D.购货发票36.复式记账法是对每一笔经济业务,都以相等的金额在()中进行登记。D.两个或两个以上的账户37.所有者权益类账户的期末余额是根据()计算。C.贷方期末余额=贷方期初余额十贷方本期发生额一借方本期发生额38.下列引起资产内部此增彼减的交易、事项是()。B.收回赊销款存入银行64.按经济内容分类,“制造费用”账户属于()账户。‘ A.成本类39.将现金存入银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证40.企业用现金支付某职工报销的市内交通费78元,会计人员编制的付款凭证为借记管理费用87元,贷记现金87元,并登记入账。对当年发生的该项记账错误应采用的更正方法是()。B.红字更正法41.计提资产减值准备,体现了会计信息质量要求中的()。C.谨慎性42.资产负债表结构设置的依据是()。C.资产=负债十所有者权益43.利润表中的“净利润”是根据企业的()扣除所得税费用后的净额。C.利润总额44.我国企业会计准则的制定机构是()。C.财政部45.根据现有的发现,我国会计一职最早出现在()。A.西周时期46.会计的反映职能不包括()。B.主观性47.利润是企业在一定期间的()。C.经营成果48.正确的会计等式是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益49.下列账户中与负债账户结构相同的是()账户。D.所有者权益50.简单会计分录的特征是()。C.一借一贷51.下列账户中,期末需直接结转到“本年利润”账户的是()。A.管理费用52.下列人员工资中,通过“管理费用”科目核算的是()。C.企业管理人员工资53.下列明细账中,可以采用数量金额式账页的是()。 A.库存商品明细分类账54.下列报表中,其结构有账户式和报告式的是()。B.资产负债表55.下列各项中属于所有者权益的是(.)。D.未分配利润56.复式记账法的基本理论依据是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益57.某企业购进材料一批,买价15000元,运输费600元,入库前整理挑选费400元。该批材料的采购成本是()。C.16000元58.下列属于制造企业其他业务收入的是()。D.出售材料收入59.会计凭证分为原始凭证和记账凭证,其分类标准是()。C.按其填制的程序和用途不同60.下列账簿中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账61.下列各项中,属于会计法律的是()。C.《中华人民共和国会计法》62.财产所有权与管理权相分离情况下,会计的根本目标是()。A.完成受托责任92.会计对象的具体化,可称为()。B.会计要素63.在借贷记账法中,账户的哪一方记录增加数,哪一方记录减少数是由()决定的。B.账户性质64.以下各账户中属于费用账户的是()。B.财务费用65.限额领料单属于()。B.累计凭证66.下列各项中应建立备查簿登记的是()。B.经营性租人固定资产67.某企业本月收到A公司偿还上月所欠货款5 000元存入银行,下列账务处理中的哪一种符合权责发生制要求()。B.借:银行存款5000贷:应收账款500068.财务报表编制的依据是()。D.账簿69.我国企业会计准则分为三个层次,它们是()。A.基本准则、具体准则和应用指南70.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的是()。A.资产类账户借方登记增加额71.采购员报销950元差旅费,出纳员又补付其现金150元并结清其暂借款,这项业务应编制()。D.付款凭证和转账凭证72.我国最新的企业会计准则实施于()。A.2007年73.下列各项中属于流动资产的有()。A.应收账款74.账户是根据()在账簿中开设的记账单元。C.会计科目75.账户中各项金额的关系可以用()表示。A.期末余额一期初余额十本期增加发生额一本期减少发生额76.下列项目中属于营业外收入的是()。C固定资产出售净收益77.将现金存人银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证125.下列账户中与负债类账户结构相同的是()。B.所有者权益类账户78.目前,我国会计核算中收付实现制的应用范围是()。D.行政单位和事业单位中除经营业务以外的业务79.会计对经济活动进行综合反映,主要是利用()。A.货币量度80.会计科目是对()的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。C.会计要素 81.企业结转已销售产品的成本时,应()。B.贷记“库存商品”账户82.收款凭证左上角“借方科目”后应填写()科目。B.银行存款或库存现金83.会计的基本职能是()。A.反映和控制84.下列不应当直接计入当期损益的是()。D.制造费用85.能够提供企业某一类经济业务增减变化较为详细会计信息的账簿是()。A.明细分类账86.采用收付实现制,由于没有将各个会计期间所实现的收入和为实现收入所应负担的费用进行配比,因而也就不能正确计算各期的()。D.经营成果87.目前,我国会计核算中权责发生制的应用范围是()。D.企业会计和事业单位中的经营业务88.下列账薄中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账89.在一些规模小、会计业务简单的单位,应()。B.在其他有关机构中设置会计人员90.在实际成本法下,用来归集记人材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。C.“在途物资”91.张华是公司的总经理,其出差报销差旅费10000元,应记入()账户。D.管理费用92.已知某企业营业收入300万元,营业成本200万,管理费用20万元,财务费用10万元,销售费用5万元,营业外收入8万元。填人利润表中的营业利润是()。B.65万元93.“应收账款”账户所属明细账户期末如果出现贷方余额,应填人资产负债表的项目是()。B.预收账款94.某企业某年10月份“原材料”账户期末余额为100000元,“库存商品”账户期末余额为120000元,“生产成本”账户期末余额为30000元,“固定资产”账户期末余额为200000元。资产负债表中的存货项目应填入()。 B.250000元95.资产负债表是反映企业()财务状况的报表。D.某一特定日期96.支付职工差旅费发生的现金流出属于()。C.经营活动的现金流出97.按照现行规定,我国上市公司年报应于年度终了后()内对外报告。C.4个月98.在供应过程中,在实际成本法下,用来归集记录材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。A.“在途物资”99.“利润分配”账户在年终结算后出现借方余额,表示()。A.未弥补的亏损额100.我国现行《会计法》是从()开始实施的。C.1985年5月1日二、多项选择题1.所有者权益的构成项目有()。A.实收资本B.资本公积C.盈余公积D.未分配利润E.应收账款2.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。B.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料6500C.借:生产成本8000D.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款50003.各种原始凭证必须具备的基本内容有()。A.凭证的名称B.经济业务事项名称、数量、单价和金额C.填制凭证单位名称或者填制人姓名E.填制凭证的日期4.登账时遇到下列情况应用红色墨水书写()。 A.在不设减少金额栏的多栏式账页中,登记减少数C.在三栏式账户的余额栏前,如未印明余额方向的,在余额栏内登记负数金额5.会计报表应当包括()。A.现金流量表B.相关附表C.资产负债表D.利润表6.下列各项中属于收益性支出的是()。A.购进商品B.购进原材料D.购进办公用品E.支付短期借款利息7.下列资产负债表项目中,需根据账户余额减去其备抵项目后的净额填列的有()B.短期投资D.存货E.应收账款9.总分类账和明细分类账平行登记的要点有()。A.登记的依据相同C.登记的方向一致E.登记的金额相同11.下列会计等式正确的有()。A.资产=权益B.资产=负债十所有者权益十净收益C.资产=负债+所有者权益E.资产=负债+所有者权益+(收入-费用)12.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。A.借:生产成本8000B.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款5000E.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料650013.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于跨期摊提账户的有()。B.预提费用E.待摊费用14.会汁凭证包括()。A.原始凭证B.记账凭证15.企业从银行提取现金5000元备用,此项业务应在()中登记。 A.现金日记账B.银行存款日记账C.总分类账16.会计账簿按其外表形式不同可分为()。C.订本式账簿D.活页式账簿E.卡片式账簿17.记账凭证的基本内容包括()。A.凭证的名称和编号B.经济业务事项摘要C.会计科目的名称、方向和金额D.凭证填制的日期和有关人员的签章E.所附原始凭证张数18.在借贷记账法下,账户贷方登记的内容有()B.资产的减少C.负债及所有者权益的增加19.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于调整账户的有(C.累计折旧D.坏账准备E.利润分配20.收入的取得可能会影响下列哪些会计要素()。A.资产B.负债D.所有者权益E.利润21.下列各项中,属于期间费用的有()。C.管理费用D.销售费用E.财务费用22.下列经济业务中,会引起会计等式左右两方同时发生增减变化的有(A.投资者投入货币资本B.以存款归还借款E.购进材料款未付23.下列各项中属于会计核算基本前提的有()。A.会计主体B.持续经营C.货币计量D.会计分期24.对账包括()。C.账簿与凭证核对D.账簿与账簿核对E.账簿与实物核对25.下列各项中属于会计核算方法的有()。A.复式记账B.填制和审核会计凭证D.设置会计科目和账户26.未达账项有以下几种情况()。A.本单位已记存款增加,银行尚未记账B.本单位巳记存款减少,银行尚未记账 C.银行已记存款增加,本单位尚未记账D.银行已记存款减少,本单位尚未记账27·财产清查中应采用实地盘点法进行清查的资产主要有()A.固定资产B.产成品D.库存现金28.会计方法应包括()。A.会计核算方法B.会计分析方法C.会计预测方法D.会计决策方法E.会计考评方法29.下列项目中,应计人“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C.提供劳务的收入30.账户的结构一般应包括()等内容。()A.账户名称B.日期和摘要C.凭证编号D.增加和减少的金额E.余额31.以下各项应在“营业税金及附加”账户核算的有()。B.消费税C.营业税D.教育费附加E.城市维护建设税32.资产负债表中货币资金项目编制的依据有()。A.库存现金B.银行存款C.其他货币资金33.资产的确认条件有()。A.与该资源有关的经济利益很可能流入企业C该资源的成本或者价值能够可靠地计量34.下列项目中,属于会计科目的有()。A.固定资产C.原材料E.累计折旧35.关于“本年利润”账户,下列说法正确的是()。A.借方登记期末转入的各项费用B.贷方登记期末转入的各项收入c.贷方余额为本年实现的利润额D.借方余额为本年发生的亏损额E.年终结算后无余额36.财务报表按其编报时间不同,可分为()。 C年度报表D.中期报表37.每一笔会计分录都包括()。A.账户名称B.记账方向C.金额38.借贷记账法下的试算平衡公式有()。C.全部账户借方发生额合计一全部账户贷方发生额合计D.全部账户借方余额合计一全部账户贷方余额合计39.企业实现的净利润应进行下列分配()。C.提取法定盈余公积金D.提取任意盈余公积金E.向投资人分配利润40.利润表中的“营业收入”应根据()之和来填列。A.主营业务收入B.其他业务收入41.下列属于会计法规体系的有()。A.会计法B.会计行政法规C.企业会计准则D.统一会计制度42.会计计量的属性有()。A.历史成本B.重置成本C.可变现净值D.现值E.公允价值43.下列项目中,应计入“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C提供劳务的收入44.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.资产的增加B.负债的减少C.收入的转销D.费用成本的增加45.会计核算方法包括()。A.填制和审核凭证B.登记账簿C.成本计算D.编制财务报表E.财产清查46.费用的发生可能会引起()。A.负债的增加B.资产的减少 C.所有者权益的减少47.下列可以用来作为分配材料采购费用标准的有(B.材料的体积C.材料的买价D.材料的重量48.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的有(A.资产类账户借方登记增加额B.资产类账户贷方登记减少额C.负债类账户借方登记减少额E.收入类账户贷方登记增加额49.下列费用中,属于期间费用的是()。B.销售费用C.管理费用D.财务费用50.投资者投入的资本,依据投资者的身份不同可以是(A.国家资本金B.个人资本金C.法人资本金E.外商资本金51.确定存货账面结存数量的方法有()。A.永续盘存制B.实地盘存制E.技术推算法52.下列不等式中,在不同情况下成立的有()答案:ABCD53.下列账户中,在期末结账后有余额的是()。A.生产成本B.在途物资54.企业分配工资费用时,应贷记“应付职工薪酬”科目,借记以下有关科目()。A.生产成本B.制造费用C.管理费用D.销售费用 55.权责发生制要求()。A.凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表B.凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用56.企业会计人员的主要职责有()。A.进行会计核算B.实行会计监督C.拟定本单位办理会计事务的具体办法D.参与拟定经济计划、业务计划,考核、分析预算、财务计划的执行情况57.会计核算是指会计工作收集、加工,储存和揭示会计信息的过程,这个过程由以下几个环节构成()。A.记录B.报告C.确认D.计量58.企业的留存收益包括()。A.未分配利润B.盈余公积59.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.收入的转销B.费用筏本的增加C.资产的增加D.负债的减少160.资产负债表的左方包括()等项目。A.存货B.商誉C.货币资金三、简答题1.试简要说明会计的特点。答:会计的特点是指会计和其他经济核算的不同点。由于会计核算是会计的基本环节,会计的特点主要体现在会计核算方面,它有三个基本特点;(1)以货币为主要计量尺度,具有综合性;(2)会计核算具有完整性、连续性和系统性;(3)会计核算要以凭证为依据,并严格遵守会计规范。2.实地盘存制的概念、优缺点及其适用范围是什么?答:(1) 概念。实地盘存制又称“定期盘存制”,是指平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数的一种存货核算方法。(2)优缺点。实地盘存制的优点是可以简化日常核算工作。主要缺点有两点:一是不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货的增加、减少和结余情况;二是倒挤出的销售成本不一定符合实际情况,可能包括一部分损失或差错,因而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。(3)适用范围。实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。3.会计循环的基本内容是什么?答:会计循环一般由下列步骤构成:第一,根据经济业务的实际发生和完成的真实情况编制必要的会计分录。第二,根据每笔会计分录所确定的应借、应贷金额,分别过人各有关总分类账户和明细分类账户之中。第三,根据会计等式的平衡关系来检查、验证会计分录和过账工作有无错误。第四,根据权责发生制和配比原则的要求,按照收入、费用的归属期,对账簿记录进行必要的调整。第五,根据分类账各账户提供的会计数据和会计主体财产清查的结果,在每一个会计期末进行对账。第六,根据一定时期内全部入账的经济业务的内容,将各种账簿记录结计清楚,即结出本期发生额和期末余额。第七,根据分类账户中有关账户的发生额和各账户的期末余额,编制损益表、资产负债表、现金流量表等会计报表及其财务状况说明书。4.简要说明总分类账与明细分类账的关系及其平行登记的要点。答:(1)总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系,又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的内在联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。(2)总分类账和明细分类账的平行登记包括以下几个要点:①登记的依据相同;②登记的方向一致;③登记的金额相等。5.试简要说明复式记账法的概念及其优点。答:复式记账法就是对于每一笔经济业务所引起的会计要素及其项目的增减变动,都以相等的金额,在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行登记的记账方法。复式记账法的优点有两个:一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。 6.试简要说明原始凭证与记账凭证的相同与不同之处。答:相同点:两者都是会计凭证。不同点:①作用不同。原始凭证是填制记账凭证的依据;汇账凭证是登记账簿的依据。②内容不同。原始凭证说明经济业务的发生或完成情况,是会计核算的原始资料;记账凭证主要确定会计分录。③填制人员不同。原始凭证—·般由业务经办人员填制,记账凭证山会计人员填制。7.什么是会计的职能?会计的基本职能有哪些?各自有什么特点?答:会计的职能是指会计所具有的功能。(1分)其基本职能是反映和控制。(1分)(1)会计反映职能具有以下特点:①会计提供的信息主要是通过货币形式来反映的(1分)②会计提供的信息具有客观性和可验证性(1分)③会计的反映具有连续性和综合性(1分)(2)会计的控制职能具有以下特点:①会计控制具有强制性和严肃性(1分)②会计控制具有适时性、连续性和全面性(1分)8.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?其适用范围是什么?答:永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。(3分)在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。(1分)实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数-然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计入账簿。(3分)实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。(1分)9.什么是会计科目?什么是账户?二者有什么联系与区别?答:会计科目就是对会计要素的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。账户是根据会计科目在账簿中开设的记账单元。二者的相同点是它们所反映的会计对象的具体内容是相同的。二者的区别是:(1)会计科目仅仅是指账户的名称,而账户除了有名称(会计科目)外,它还具有一定的格式、结构,具体表现为若干账页,是用来记录经济业务的载体;(2分) (2)会计科目是会计核算前,事先确定的对经济业务分类核算的项目,账户是经济业务发生之后,进行分类、连续登记的一种手段。(2分)10.什么是财务报表?其基本内容有哪些?答:财务报表是对企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的结构性表述。(2分)财务报表的主要内容由表头、表身和表外说明三部分组成。(2分)表头内容包括报表名称、报表编制单位名称、时间(或会计期间)、报表编号和计量单位五部分。(2分)表身是报表最重要的部分,它由一系列相互联系的经济指标组成。(1分)表外说明是对表身未反映的事项进行补充或对表身未能详细反映的内容作必要的解释。(1分)11.什么是会计凭证?其有何作用?有哪些种类?答:会计凭证是记录经济业务、明确经济责任的书面证明,也是登记账簿的依据。正确地填制、合法地取得和严格地审核会计凭证,是会计循环的初始环节,也是会计核算的基本方法,对于完成会计工作具有十分重要的意义,其主要作用体现在以下三个方面:(1)及时、正确地反映经济业务完成情况;(2)明确经济责任,强化单位内部控制;(3)加强经济监督,控制经济运行。会计凭证是多种多样的,按照填制程序和用途不同,可以分为原始凭证和记账凭证。12.什么是权责发生制和收付实现制?两者的区别何在?其各自的适用范围是什么?答:权责发生制又称为应收应付制或应计制,是指以是否取得收到现金的权利或发生支付现金的责任即权责的发生为标志来确认本期收入和费用以及债权和债务。权责发生制基础要求,凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计入利润表;凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用。收付实现制又称为现收现付制或现金制,是与权责发生制相对应的一种会计基础,它是以实际收到或支付现金的时间来确认会计期间的收入、费用。收付实现制基础要求,凡是当期收到和支付的现金,都作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表;凡是当期没有实际收到和付出现金,都不记录本期收入和费用。权责发生制与收付实现制的区别在于对收入、费用人账时间的确认不一样。13.什么是复式记账法?复式记账法有什么优缺点?答:复式记账法是对发生每一笔经济业务所引起会计要素的增减变动,以相等的金额同时在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行记录的一种方法。(3分)复式记账法的优点有两个: 一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。(2分)二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。(2分)14.为什么企业要进行期末账项调整?其包括哪几种类型?答:按照权责发生制基础的要求,不论款项是否支付,凡是本会计期间已经实现的收入和应该负担的费用都要计入本期的收入和费用,凡是不属于本期收入和本期应该负担的费用,即使相关款项已经收付,也不能计入本会计期间的收入和费用。因此,每个会计期末都要对已经人账和没有人账的相关收入、费用进行必要的调整,以便正确计算本期损益。(4分)账项调整的内容有五种类型:应计收入的调整;预收收入的调整;应计费用的调整;预付费用的调整;其他账项的调整。(4分)15.总分类账与明细分类账的联系与区别是什么?答:总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系、又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务的内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。总分类账提供的经济指标,是明细分类账资料的综合,对所属明细分类账起着统驭和控制作用;明细分类账是对有关总账的补充,起着辅助和补充说明作用。16.财务报表的信息质量要求有哪些?答:我国财政部颁布的《企业会计准则——基本准则》对财务报表所反映的会计信息质量提出了八项要求:(1)客观性要求。是指会计核算应当以实际发生的经济业务为依据,如实反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量。(2)相关性要求。是指企业提供约会计信息应当与财务会计报告使用者的经济决策需要相关,有助于财务会计报告使用者对企业过去。现在或者未来的情况作出评价或者预测。(3)明晰性要求。明晰性要求实质上是要实现财务报表的可理解性,即企业编制的财务会计报告要清晰明了,便于理解和利用。(4)可比性要求。是指企业的会计核算按照规定的会计处理方法进行,会计指标应当口径一致,相互可比。可比性要求包括纵向可比和横向可比两方面要求。(5)实质重于形式要求。是指企业应当按照交易或者事项的经济实质进行会计确认、计量和报告,不应仅以交易或者事项的法律形式为依据。(6)重要性要求。是指企业在会计核算过程中对交易或事项应当区别其重要程度,采用不 同的报告方式。具体来说,对于那些对企业的经济活动或会计信息的使用者相对重要的会计事项,应单独报告,分项反映,力求准确,并在会计报告中重点说明;而对于那些次要的会计事项,在不影响会计信息真实可靠的情况下,则可适当简化会计核算和报告手续,合并反映。(7)谨慎性要求。是指会计人员在对某些经济业务或会计事项存在不同的会计处理方法和程序可供选择时,在不影响合理选择的前提下,以尽可能选择不虚增利润和夸大所有者权益的会计处理方法和程序进行会计处理,要求合理核算和报告可能发生的损失和费用。(8)及时性要求。是指企业的会计核算应当及时进行,不得提前或延后,以保证会计信息的及时利用。17.什么是记账凭证?如何审核记账凭证?答:记账凭证是会计人员根据审核无误的原始凭证及有关资料,按照经济业务的内容加以归类、并确定会计分录而填制的、直接作为登记账簿依据的凭证。(2分)记账凭证审核的内容包括有:(1)内容是否真实记账凭证是否附有原始凭证,记账凭证的经济内容是否与所附原始凭证的内容相同、金额是否相等。(2分)(2)会计科目和金额是否正确审核记账凭证应借、应贷的会计科目(包括一级科目、明细科目)对应关系是否清晰、金额是否正确。(2分)(3)项目是否齐全记账凭证中的项目是否填制完整,日期、凭证编号、附件张数有关人员的签章是否齐全;摘要是否清楚。(2分)18.我国会计法律规范分为哪几个层次?各包含哪些主要内容?答:我国的会计法律规范包括会计法、会计行政法规、会计准则(制度)三个层次。(1分)(1)会计法是调整整个国民经济活动中会计关系的法律规范的总称。是一切会计法规的母法,在会计法体系中处于最核心的地位和最高的层次,是制定其他会计法规的依据和指导一切会计工作的准绳,具有普遍适用性和指导性的特点。(2分)(2)会计行政管理法规,包括会计行政法规、地方性会计法规和会计规章。(2分)(3)会计制度按会计主体不同分为企业会计制度和非企业会计制度两大类,前者规范企业的会计核算工作,后者规范非企业单位的会计核算工作。另外,会计准则是依据《会计法》制定的关于会计核算的规范。(2分)19.什么是平行登记?其要点是什么?答:所谓平行登记,就是对发生的每一项经济业务,一方面要在有关的总分类账户中进行总括登记,另一方面还要在其所属的有关明细账户中进行明细登记。 平行登记的要点有:(1)总分类账与明细分类账登记的依据相同;(2)总分类账与明细分类账登记的方向一致;(3)总分类账与明细分类账登记的金额相等。20.财务报表的种类有哪些?答:不同性质的会计主体,由于会计核算的具体内容和经济管理的要求不同,其财务报表的种类也不尽相向。对企业而言,可按照以下不同的标准将财务报表划分成不同的类别:(1)按经济内容分类。按财务报表反映内容的不同,可分为静态报表和动态报表。静态报表是指综合反映企业某一特定时点资产、负债和所有者权益情况的报表,如资产负债表;动态报表是指综合反映企业一定时期的经营情况、现金流动情况以及所有者权益变动情况的报表,如利润表、现金流量表和所有者权益变动表。(2)按编报时间分类。按财务报表编报时间的不同,可分为中报和年报。中报,即中期报表,是在年度中间的某一时期对外提供的财务报表。中期报表涵盖的时间短于一个会计年度,包括月报、季报和半年报。年报,即年度报表,是在年末编制的,按年度反映企业年末财务状况和年度内经营成果、现金流量的财务报表。一般而言,月报要求简明扼要,及时反映;年报要求揭示完整,反映全面;而季报和半年报在会计信息的详细程度方面,则介于两者之间。(3)按编制主体分类。按财务报表编制主体,可分为个别财务报表和合并财务报表,这种划分是在企业对外单位进行投资情况下,基于特殊财务关系而形成的。个别财务报表是指投资企业或接受投资企业编制的,只反映投资企业或接受投资企业本身的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表;合并财务报表是指投资企业在对外投资占被投资企业的资本总额半数以上(或者实质上拥有被投资企业控制权)的情况下,根据本企业和被投资企业的个别财务报表编制的,反映投资企业与被投资企业整体的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表。21.什么是内部会计控制制度?其基本内容有哪些?答:内部会计控制制度,是指各单位根据国家会计法律、法规、规章、制度的规定,结合本单位经营管理和业务管理的特点和要求而制定的旨在规范单位内部会计管理活动的制度和办法。(4分)内部会计控制制度的基本内容具体包括内部会计控制体系,会计人员岗位责任制度,账务处理程序制度,内部牵制制度,计量验收制度,财产清查制度,财务收支审批制度,成本核算制度和财务会计分析制度。(4分)22.什么是会计账簿?其有何作用?有哪些种类? 答:会计账簿是按照会计科目开设的,由一定格式的账页组成,以记账凭证为依据,全面地、连续地、系统地、综合地记录企事业单位经济业务的簿籍。设置和登记账簿是会计工作的重要环节,也是会计信息处理的一个重要的专门方法。各单位通过设置和登记账簿,可以把分散在会计凭证上的大量核算资料,加以集中和归类整理,为编制财务报表提供重要依据。会计账簿在会计核算中的主要作用有:①通过登记会计账簿,可以把会计凭证所提供的资料归类汇总,形成集中的、系统的、全面的会计核算资料;②会计账簿是反映、监督经济活动,考核各部门经济责任的重要手段;③会计账簿为编制财务报表提供主要的数据资料。会计账簿形式多种多样,不同的会计账簿所登记的内容及登记的方法各不相同。我们可以按不同标准对会计账簿进行分类:①按其用途的不同可以分为序时账簿、分类账簿和备查账簿三种;②按其形式的不同可分为订本式账簿、活页式账簿和卡片式账簿;③按账页格式的不同可以分为三栏式账簿、多栏式账簿和数量金额式账簿等。23.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?各有什么优缺点?各自适用于哪些存货?答:实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计人账簿。采用实地盘存制,虽然平时能简化记账工作,但核算手续不严密,不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货减少和结余情况,工作中如出现差错、毁损、被盗丢失等情况,均计入本期发出数,从而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。因此,实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。采用这种方法,虽然能在账簿中及时反映各项存货的增减变动及结存情况,但也有可能发生账实不符的情况。因此,也需要对各项存货进行实地盘点,以查明账实是否相符,以及账实不符的原因。采用永续盘存制,虽然加大了日常核算工作量,但手续严密,通过明细账簿可以随时了解存货的收入、发出和结存情况,有利于加强存货管理。因此,在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。最新国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明:2022年春期电大把《管理英语4》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核,它共有八个单元自测 。针对该门课程,给出了每个单元自测的二套标准题库,在考试中可多次抽取试题,直至与其中的一套答案相近即可。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案,敬请查看。单元自测1第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Thisprojectistoobigformetofinishontime.选择一项:C.I’llgiveyouahand题目2—Ithinkthingshavebeenabitdifficultforusthelastcoupleofmonths.—__________.We’vebeenworkinghard,butstillgettingbehind.选择一项:A.You’reright题目3AT&Tfoundthatemployeeswithbetterplanninganddecision-makingskillswere______tobepromotedintomanagementjobs.选择一项:A.morelikely题目4TheHumanResourceManagingDepartmentatHondaisgivenspecificinstructions______employthebestpossibleworkers.选择一项:C.onhowto题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。WhoKilledNokia?  Nokiaexecutivesattemptedtoexplainitsfallfromthetopofthesmartphonepyramidwith threefactors:1)thatNokiawastechnicallyinferiortoApple,2)thatthecompanywascomplacentand3)thatitsleadersdidn’tseethedisruptiveiPhonecoming.  Ithasalsobeenarguedthatitwasnoneoftheabove.Nokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseofdivergentsharedfearsamongthecompany’smiddleandtopmanagerswhichledtocompany-wideinertiathatleftitpowerlesstorespondtoApple’sgame.  Basedonthefindingsofanin-depthinvestigationand76interviewswithtopandmiddlemanagers,engineersandexternalexperts,theresearchersdiscoveredacultureoffearduetotemperamentalleadersandthatfrightenedmiddlemanagerswerescaredoftellingthetruth.  Thefearthatfrozethecompanycamefromtwoplaces.First,thecompany’stopmanagershadaterrifyingreputation.SomemembersofNokia’sboardandtopmanagementweredescribedas“extremelytemperamental”andtheyregularlyshoutedatpeople“atthetopoftheirlungs”.Itwasverydifficulttotellthemthingstheydidn’twanttohear.Secondly,topmanagerswereafraidoftheexternalenvironmentandnotmeetingtheirquarterlytargets,whichalsoimpactedhowtheytreatedmiddlemanagers.  Topmanagersthusmademiddlemanagersafraidofdisappointingthem.Middlemanagersweretoldthattheywerenotambitiousenoughtomeettopmanagers’goals.  Fearingthereactionsoftopmanagers,middlemanagersremainedsilentorprovidedoptimistic,filteredinformation.Thus,middlemanagersdirectlyliedtotopmanagement.  Worse,acultureofstatusinsideNokiamadeeveryonewanttoholdontovestedpowerforfearofresourcesbeingallocatedelsewhereiftheydeliveredbadnewsorshowedthattheywerenotboldorambitiousenoughtoundertakechallengingassignments.  Beyondverbalpressure,topmanagersalsoappliedpressureforfasterperformanceinpersonnelselection.Thisledmiddlemanagerstooverpromiseandunderdeliver.Onemiddlemanagertoldusthat“youcangetresourcesbypromisingsomethingearlier,orpromisingalot.It’ssaleswork.”  Whilemodestfearmightbehealthyformotivation,abusingitcanbelikeoverusingadrug,whichrisksgeneratingharmfulsideeffects.Toreducethisrisk,leadersshouldcoordinatewiththevariedemotionsofthestaff.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhaveencouragedsafedialogue,internalcoordinationandfeedbacktounderstandthetrueemotionintheorganization.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.NokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseitstechnologyisnotasgoodasthatofApple. F2.Nokia’smiddlemanagerswerefranktotellthetruth,butthetoponesdidn’tlistentothem.F3.Nokia’stopmanagersweretoomoodytohearanythinggoodbutharsh.T4.MiddlemanagersinNokiadeliveredresultsmorethantheypromisedearlier.F5.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhavehadbetterconversationtechniquestoencourageinternalcoordinationandtruth.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)—Couldyougiveusaspeechonmanagementfunctionssomedaythisweek?选择一项:C.I’dloveto,butI’mbusythisweek题目2—Wecouldletsomeofthestaffworkfromhome.________________?—That’sagoodidea.选择一项:B.Whatdoyouthinkofit题目3______hisangertheemployeescalledhimMr.Thunder,buttheylovedhim.选择一项:A.Dueto题目4Itisthroughenthusiasmandquietintensity______wetransformcreativityandvisionintothetechnologies.选择一项:A.that题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate 题目6二、听力理解:听录音,选择最佳答案(共50分)。操作提示:通过下拉选项框,选择答案。1.WhatkindofroleisMelindatakingonforherjob?C.Projectcoordinator.2.HowlongwillMelindabetrainedforhernewrole?B.Halfamonth.3.HowoftenshouldMelindareporttotheboardontheprogressoftheproject?A.Onceamonth.4.WhatkindofcontractcanMelindasignwithoutsidecontractors?B.Standardtemporary-workercontract.5.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtoMelinda’sresponsibilities?A.Formulatetheindustrystandardofpayment.单元自测2第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—____________________identifytheproblemsthathavebeenoccurring?—Well,asyouknow,theproblemswehadwithGarycausedalotoffrictionamongtheteam.选择一项:C.Areyouableto题目2—Ifyoucan’tsaywhatyou’vecometosayatthemeeting,what’sthepoint?—____________________,butIthinkyoumightneedtochangeyourapproachsomewhat.选择一项:B.Icanseethat题目3WhenthemessagefinallyreachedtheCommandCenter,it__________“mutated”tobecome—“Sendthreeandfour-pence,we’regoingtoadance.”选择一项:B.had 题目4EverytimeItriedtosaysomething,hewould______tosomethingelse.选择一项:B.moveon题目5Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。HabitsofHighlyEffectiveCommunicators  It’snosecretthatgoodleadersarealsogoodcommunicators.Indeed,communicationandleadershipareinextricablytied.Howcanyougalvanize,inspireorguideothersifyoudon’tcommunicateinaclear,credibleandauthenticway?Hereare5essentialcommunicationpracticesofeffectiveleaders:  1.Mindthesay-dogap.Trustisthebedrockofeffectiveleadership–yourbehaviorisyoursinglegreatestmodeofcommunication,anditmustbecongruentwithwhatyousay.Ifyouractionsdon’talignwithyourwords,youarestoringuptroubleforthefuture.  2.Makethecomplexsimple.Effectiveleadersdistillcomplexthoughtsandstrategiesintosimple,memorabletermsthatcolleaguesandcustomerscangraspandactupon.Themostimportantthingistoclarifywhatyouwanttosay,lookoutfortechnicaljargonandavoidbusinessspeak,whichaddcomplexity.Saywhatyoumeaninasfewwordsaspossible.  3.Findyourownvoice.Uselanguagethat’sdistinctlyyourown;letyourvaluescomethroughinyourcommunication.Correctuseoflanguageandgrammarareimportant,ofcourse,butdon’tbecomeoverlyfixatedoneloquenceforeloquence’ssake;concentrateonbeingdistinctandreal.Peoplewantreal,peoplerespectreal,peoplefollowreal.  4.BevisibleVisibilityisaboutlettingyourkeystakeholdersgetafeelforwhoyouareandwhatyoucareabout.Don’thidebehindacomputerandonlyinteractwithpeopleelectronically–seethemfacetofaceandvoicetovoice,andinteractwiththeminareal,substantialway.Intoday’senvironment,wherepeopleareoftenburnedout,it’simportantforemployeestohave apersonalconnectionwithyouandtheworkyoubelievein.Showthepeoplethatworkforyouthatyou’reengagedandthatyoucareaboutthemandtheirwork.  5.Listenwithyoureyesaswellasyourears.Effectivecommunicationisatwo-wayprocess,andgoodleadersknowhowtoaskgoodquestions,andthenlistenwithboththeireyesandtheirears.Becauseyouareinapositionofauthority,othersmaybereluctanttoexpresstheirrealopinionstoyoudirectly.Youwon’talwaysgetdirectfeedback,soyouneedtoalsobeabletoreadbetweenthelinesandlookforthenon-verbalcues.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Communicationandleadershipdon’talwaysgohandinhand.F2.Thesay-dogaphappenswhenpeoplemisunderstandtheirleader’sintention.F3.Usingtechnicaljargonmakesaleaderconvincing.F4.Communicatingsincerelyisalwaysthebest.T5.Observationisasimportantascommunicationwhenyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplereallythink.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Howdidyourmeetinggoyesterday?—____________________actually,itwasreallyfrustrating.选择一项:A.Notsogood题目2—Howcanyouexplainthelatestsituation?—____________________,Iknowitisallmyfault.选择一项:A.Sorry题目3Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering 题目4Ithinktheprimary______factoristhere’sbeensomuchabsencelately.选择一项:A.contributing题目5He’sleftnow,butproductivityhasn’t______thatmuch.选择一项:C.pickedup题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。WhatWeHaveHere:AFailuretoCommunicate  Itistheweirdething.Therearemorewaysthanevertocommunicatewithpeople,yetitsometimesseemslikeitismoredifficulttoconnect—andstayconnected—withanyone.  Shouldyoushootoffanemail?Tapoutatext?PostaprivatemessageonFacebook?WriteontheirFacebookwall?Skype,poke,pingorconjurethemuponadigitaltincanphone?  Andonceyoureachsomeone,youwonder:Ishepayingattention?Howdoyouknow?Evenwiththetechno-easeofcountlesscommunicationdevices,conversationscanstillbetroublesome.Questionsareaskedandansweredoutoforder.Instructionsanddirectionsgohalf-read.Meetingsarebotched.Feelingsarehurt.单元自测3第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—WillyouhelpmearrangeameetingwithMr.Brown,please?选择一项:C.SorryIcan’t.Ihavetofinishmyprojectrightnow. 题目3IfItakethetimetotalkwithmymanageratthebeginningofaproject,we______offtoagreatstartonthesamepage.选择一项:A.canget题目4IbelievethatIhavealottocontribute______ateamenvironment,andamcomfortableinbothleadershipandplayerroles.选择一项:A.to题目5Theteamcreatesanenvironment______peoplearecomfortableincommunicating,advocatingpositions,andtakingaction.选择一项:C.inwhich题目6阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。TipsforTeamBuilding  Whenyouthinkofteambuilding,doyouimmediatelypictureyourgroupoffataresortplayinggamesorhangingfromropes?Traditionally,manyorganizationsapproachteambuildinginthiswaybut,then,theywonderwhythatwonderfulsenseofteamworkthathadbeendisplayedattheretreatortheseminarfailstoimpactlongtermbeliefsandactionsbackatwork.  I’mnotaversetoretreats,planningsessions,seminarsandteambuildingactivities—infactIleadthem—buttheyhavetoformpartofamuchlargerteamworkeffort.Youwillnotbuildteamworkby“retreating”asagroupforacoupleofdayseachyear,insteadyouneedtothinkofteambuildingassomethingyoudoeverysingleday.  •Formteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocesses.Providetraininginsystematicmethodssotheteamexpendsitsenergyontheproject,notontryingtoworkouthowtoworktogetherasateamtoapproachtheproblem.  •Holddepartmentmeetingstoreviewprojectsandprogress,toobtainbroadinput,andtocoordinatesharedworkprocesses.Ifthereisfrictionbetweenteammembers,examinethework processestheymutuallyown—theproblemisnotusuallytheirpersonalities;instead,itisoftenthefactthattheteammembershaven’tagreedonhowtheywilldeliveraproductorservice,orthestepsrequiredtogetsomethingdone.  •Buildfunandsharedoccasionsintotheorganization’sagenda—holdpotlucklunches,taketheteamtoasportingevent,sponsordinnersatalocalrestaurant,gohikingorgotoanamusementpark.Holdamonthlycompanymeeting,sponsorsportsteamsandencouragecheeringteamfans.  •Useicebreakersandteamworkexercisesatmeetings—thesehelpteammembersgettoknoweachother,sharedetailsabouteachotherslives,andhavealaughtogether.  •Celebrateteamsuccessespublicly.Therearemanywaysyoucoulddothis,forinstancebybuyingeveryonethesameT-shirtorhat,puttingteammembernamesinadrawforcompanymerchandiseandgiftcertificates.Theonlythinglimitingyouisyourimagination.  Ifyoudothetypesofteamworkbuildinglistedabove,you’llbeamazedattheprogressyouwillmakeincreatingateamworkculture,aculturethatenablesindividualstocontributemorethantheyeverthoughtpossible—together.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Teambuildingeventistraditionallyrelatedtoplayinggamesatresort.T2.Theauthorclaimsthatplayinggamestogetherisasimportantasformteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocessesforteambuilding.F3.“Retreat”inthefirstparagraphmeanswithdrawaloftroopsafteradefeat.F4.Icebreakingmotivatesteammemberscompetewitheachother.F5.Agoodteamworkcultureenablesindividualsmakemoreeffortstogether.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—CouldIborrowyouriPadforafewhours?选择一项: B.Sure,hereyouare.Enjoyyourtime.题目3Regularandconcretefeedbackisimportant______whoisnotperforminguptoherpotential.选择一项:B.whendealingwithaworker题目4Teammembersare______asuniquepeoplewithirreplaceableexperiences,pointsofview,andknowledgetocontribute.选择一项:B.viewed题目5Inhighschool,Iamequallycomfortable______asamemberofateamandindependently.选择一项:B.working题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。ATeamworkGame  Ateamofabout35employeeshadcometogetherforateambuildingevent.Theywereayoung,brightandenthusiasticteam.However,oneoftheirchiefproblemswasthefactthattheywouldn’tshareinformationorsolutionswitheachother,andtheteamleaderthoughttheyweretoofocusedonthemselvesandnotontheteam.Asaresult,shebroughtthemallintothecafeteria.Allofthetablesandchairshadbeenstoredaway,andfundecorationsandhundredsofdifferentcoloredballoonshadbeenplacedaroundtheroom.  Inthecenteroftheroomwasabigboxofballoonsthathadn’tbeenblownupyet.Theteamleaderinstructedeverybodytopickaballoon,blowitup,andwritetheirnameonit,buttheyhadtobecarefulnottobursttheballoon.  Althoughtheyweregivenasecondchanceiftheirfirstballoonpopped,theywereoutofthegamethesecondtimeround.Intheend,about30teammemberswrotetheirnameswithouttheirballoonspopping.Theywerethenaskedtoleavetheroomand,afterfiveminutes,theteamleaderbroughtthembackinandaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.After15minutesofsearching,noonehadfoundtheirballoon, andtheteamweretoldthattheywerethengoingtomoveontothethirdroundoftheactivity.  Inthisround,eachteammemberwasinstructedtofindanyballoonwithanameonitandthengivethatballoontothepersonwhosenamewasonit.Withintwominutes,everybodyhadtheirownballoon.Theteamleadersummarizedtheactivitythus:“Wearemuchmoreefficientwhenwearewillingtosharewitheachotherandmuchbetteratproblemsolvingwhenweareworkingtogether,notindividually.”  Sometimes,membersofteamscreateobstaclesbyfocusingsolelyontheirownpursuitsandgoals.Everymemberoftheteamshouldaskthemselvesonaregularbasiswhattheyaredoingandwhattheycandofortheteam.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.ThisteambuildingeventwasaimedatB.makingtheteammembersknowhowtoshareinformationorsolutionsandcooperatewitheachother2.ThiseventwasheldinA.aself-servicerestaurant3.Abouthowmanyteammemberswereoutofthesecondroundoftheactivity?C.5.4.Whichstatementbelowiscorrect?C.Inthethirdround,everybodyhadtheirownballoonwithhelpfromotherswithin2minutes.5.Whatwastheeventgoingtoteachtheseemployees?A.Sharingandcooperatingwithotherteammembersismoreefficientwhentheyareworkingtogether.单元自测4第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目2—DoyoumindifIusevoucherstospendinarestaurant? 选择一项:B.Notatall.Goahead.题目3Theleader______atcreatingopportunitiestoproviderewards,recognitionandthankstohisorherstaff.选择一项:C.excels题目4______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Humanresourcessupportedtheproposalofgivingthebusinessintelligenceapayincentiveeverythreemonthsatthebeginning.F2.BradfromhumanresourcessupportsScott’sidea.T3.CarlottaisthemanagerofHRD.F4.Menandwomeninthebusinessintelligenceteamwhohavebeenselectedtogettheprizewillreceivethesamerewardingthings.F5.Theprize-winnercannotchoosetheprizethatcostsmorethan$500.7.Theprize-winnercanonlyhavematerialawardsandnodayoff.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Wow!Thisisafantasticproject!I’veneverknownyou’resocreative.选择一项:C.Thanksforyourcompliments.题目2—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目3______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目4Companiesare______interestedinyoursoftskills______theyareinyourhardskills.选择一项:B.as…as…题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowGoogleContinuestoKeepEmployeesHappy  WorkingforGoogleisadreamofmany,notjustbecauseofwhatthiscompanyhasachievedinthelast15years,butbecauseofitsenviableworkculture.Withabout37,000employeesin40countries,youmightwonderhowGooglemaintainsamotivatingworkexperiencethroughoutitsentirecompany.  WorkingforGooglecomeswithperksthatmostotherorganizationscan’tprovide–bowlingalleys,freehaircuts,gymmemberships,andshuttlestoandfromwork.Thecompany’ssecrettosuccessisputtingthesameamountoftimeandeffortintokeepingemployeeshappyasitdoesintoinnovatingproducts.   Backwhenthecompanywasjustastart-up,co-foundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinhadthegoalofmakingGoogleaplacethemosttalentedpeoplewantedtoworkat.Theirideawassimple:creatingaworkculturethatkeepsemployeeshappywillmotivatethemtodotheirbestandwillkeepthemloyaltothecompany.  “It’slessabouttheaspirationtobeNo.1intheworld,andmorethatwewantouremployeesandfutureonestoloveithere,becausethat’swhat’sgoingtomakeussuccessful,”saidKarenMay,theVicePresidentofpeopledevelopmentatGoogle.  Googlealsomakesitsemployeeswanttoworkbecausemanagersprovidetasksthatareinspiringandchallenging.EveryemployeeatGooglehastheopportunitytospend20%ofhisorherworkingtimeonaprojecttheychoose.Thisfreedomtakesemployeesoutoftheirroutineandawayfromthemundanetasksthatoftenmakeworkersfeeluninspiredabouttheirjobs.  Lastly,Googleshowseachemployeejusthowimportantheorsheistothecompany.Eachemployee,regardlessofherspotonthetotempole,hasaninfluenceonhowGoogleperforms.  “Ifyouvaluepeople,andcareaboutthemaswholepeople,onethingyoudoisgivingthemavoice,andyoureallylisten,”Maysaid.  GoogledoesjustthatbyhostingemployeeforumseveryFriday,wheretheydiscussthe20most-askedquestions.Employeeshaveaccesstoallcompanyinformation,addingasenseoftrust,andemployeesandleadersworktogethertosolveproblems.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.HowwouldyoudescribeGoogle?B.Largeglobalenterprises2.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtothemethodsthatGooglemotivateitsemployees?A.PromotingtheemployeewhohasmoreinfluenceonGooglethehigherjobposition.3.WhofoundedGoogle?A.LarryPageandSergeyBrin4.IfyouareanormalemployeeofGoogle,whatcouldyoudoEXCEPT?B.Onlyworkfortheprojectyouchoose.5.WhatisGoogle’ssecrettosuccess?C.Valuingthehappinessofitsemployeesasmuchasinnovatinggoodproducts.单元自测5第一套 一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Whydidn’tyoucometomybirthdaypartyyesterday?选择一项:B.Sorry,butmywifehadacaraccident.题目3Myleathershoescostme________thelastpairsIbought.选择一项:C.threetimesasmuchas题目4Theworkmenwantto________thenumberofworkinghoursandtoincreasepay.选择一项:B.decrease题目5Lindawalkedatthehead,________byhercolleagues.选择一项:A.followed题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。PerformanceManagementandPerformanceAppraisal  Performancemanagementaimstoacknowledgeemployeeachievements,supporttheirpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment,andmotivateandempowerthemtoperformtheirworkeffectively.Performancemanagementhelpsemployeestodeveloptheirunderstanding,knowledgeandskillssothattheycancontributetotheachievementoftheenterprise’sgoalsandgainpersonalandjobsatisfaction.Itisavitalpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.  Everyenterprisewantsandshouldexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.Theelementsofacompetency-basedperformancemanagementsystemwill,ifimplementedwell,enablehigh performancewhichwilldefineenterpriseandpersonalsuccess.Usingperformancemanagementprocesses,anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallenges.Thisisdoneby:  ●identifyingthecriticalpositions  ●determiningthemostimportantcompetenciesforthosepositions  ●providingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees  ●holdingeachpersonaccountablefortheirresults  Thekeytotheperformancemanagementprocessis‘performanceappraisal’.Performanceappraisalissimplyanevaluationofhowwellanemployeeperformshisorherjobcomparedtoasetofpredeterminedstandards.Itisasystematicprocessoffeedbackonanemployee’sworkperformance,andagreementtofuturetrainingplans,jobgoalsandjobaspirations.  Tobeeffective,aperformanceappraisalneedstohaveasetofagreedcriteriathatwillbethebasisoffeedbackaswellasofsettingfuturegoals.Unitsofcompetencyprovideaveryeffectivetoolforsettingbenchmarksorcriteriaforworkperformance.Theperformancecriteriawithinunitsofcompetencycanbeusedasmeasurestoassessagainstinaperformanceappraisalorreview.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Performancemanagementisaveryimportantpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.T2.Theaimofperformancemanagementistopunishtheunqualifiedemployees.F3.Anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallengesbyprovidingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees,forexample.T4.Everyenterprisecanexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.F5.“Performancemanagement”isalsocalled“performanceappraisal”.F第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Over-the-top?Youmean…选择一项: A.Well,sometimesyourco-workersfeelthatyouaretooloud.题目3Theyhavecometotheconclusion________thiswinterwillbeevencolderthanbefore.选择一项:A.that题目4Pleaseaskthesolicitorwhathis________wouldbetotakethecasetocourt.选择一项:B.fee题目5Achild’scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhishome________.选择一项:B.environment题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowtoHandleaBadPerformanceReview  Gettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopeless.Butit’snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong,youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature,adultmanner.Herearesomesuggestions:  Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially,donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besides,thepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.  WhattoDoWhenReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  It’sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.  WhattoDoAfterReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  Don’tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.Itisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththe bedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.  WaystoImproveaBadPerformanceReview  Awaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Staycalmandlistencarefully.2.Whatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Learnfromthereview.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudonotagreewiththebadperformancereview?B.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.4.HowdoyouimproveabadperformancereviewA.Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.5.Whyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?B.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.单元自测6第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Whichofthesehatsdoyouwant?—_______.Eitherwilldo.选择一项:A.Idon’tmind题目2—Ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,nooneelsewill.—_____.Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项: C.Icouldn’tagreemore题目3Redundancyhappenswhenemployeesneedto_____theirworkforce.Andasaresult,someonegetsdismissedfromwork.选择一项:C.reduce题目4Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  OnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzed(瘫痪)fromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofdisabilitywithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe“haves”tothe“have-nots”.Orsowethought.  Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusethemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith“funny”ifweneedalaugh,ortothe“disabled”boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou. 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIhavethreedaysoffnextweek,Mr.Smith?—_____.Icanmanagewithoutyou.选择一项:B.Ofcourse题目2—I’mgoingtoBeijingforafewdays.—_______.IwishIcouldgowithyou.选择一项:C.Ireallyenvyyou题目3Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目4All_____glitters(闪闪发光)isnotgold.选择一项:A.that题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。JackWelchLeadingOrganizationalChangeatGE  WhenJackWelch,theChairmanandCEOatGeneralElectric(GE)retiredin2001,hecouldlookbackataverysuccessfulcareer.HebecameCEOin1981attheageof45.Atthattime,GEhadaverycomplexorganizationalstructurewithconsiderablybureaucraticrules.  Oneofhisfirstchangeswastoinitiateastrategyformulationprocesswiththeguideline thateachofthebusinessesshouldbenumber1or2intheirrespectiveareas.Ifthiswasnotthecase,managershadtheoptionsoffixingtheproblem,sellingtheirparticularbusiness,orclosingit.Inanefforttostreamlinetheorganization,Welchremovedthesectorlevelandeliminatedthousandsofsalariedandhourlyemployeepositions.  TherestructuringwasfollowedbychangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.OnesuchprogramwastheWork-Out(群策群力).Groupsofmanagerswereassembledtosharetheirviewsopenlyinthree-daysessions.Atthebeginningofthemeetings,thesuperiorpresentedthechallengesforhisorherorganizationalunit.Thenthesuperiorhadtoleave,requestingthegroupstofindsolutionstotheproblems.Facilitators(会议主持人)helpedthesediscussions.Onthelastday,thesuperiorwaspresentedwithproposedsolutions.Heorshethenhadthreechoices:toaccepttheproposal,nottoacceptit,ortocollectmoreinformation.Thisprocessputgreatpressureonthesuperiortomakedecisions.  AnotherprogramtoimproveeffectivenessandefficiencywasBestPractices.Theaimwastolearnfromothercompanieshowtheyobtainedcustomersatisfaction,howtheyrelatedtotheirsuppliers,andinwhatwaystheydevelopednewproducts.ThishelpedtheGEpeopletofocusontheprocessesintheiroperationsthatwouldimprovethecompany’sperformance.  JackWelchwaspersonallyinvolvedindevelopingmanagersatGE’strainingcenterinCrotonville.Leaders,Welchsuggested,arenotonlythosewhoachieveresultsbutalsothosewhosharethevaluesofthecompany.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.JackWelchretiredattheageof65.T2.JackWelchinsistedthateachofthebusinessesshouldbeatleastnumber3intheirrespectivearea.F3.IfthebusinesscouldnotmeetWelch’schangerequirements,itsmanagerhad3choices.T4.TherestructuringwentbeforechangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.T5.TheWorkOutlastedaweek.F单元自测7第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Terriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourdictionary?—Yes,______________.选择一项:A.ofcourse题目2—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目3Allthe_____guestsareseatedinthefrontrow.选择一项:C.distinguished题目4______onthehilltop,youcouldenjoythesceneryofthecitybathedinthesun.选择一项:A.Standing题目5______theimportanceofEnglish,weshouldputmoreeffortintoitandtrytolearnitwell.选择一项:A.Given题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Twodifferentcorporateculturesarediscussedinthedialog.T2.Melinda’scompanyalsohasacreativeculture.F3.AccordingtoJack,theimportantthingistohiretherightemployeesinthefirstplace.T4.Inacreativecultureteamworkisnotencouraged.F5.Acreativecultureisbetterthanacollaborativeculture.F 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目2—TheAutoShowintheCityStadiumhasbeencanceled.—Oh,no!_________选择一项:A.Whatapity!题目3Thereason_____hewasabsentfromclassyesterdaywasthathewasillandhospitalized.选择一项:B.why题目4Compared______English,Chineseisgenerallybelievedtobemoredifficulttolearn.选择一项:A.with题目5Whatcanweexpect____him?选择一项:B.from题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  Whatismuseum?Amuseumisagoodplacetokeepoldandbeautifulthings.Amuseummaybeaplacetolearnaboutscience.AmuseumcanbeaplaceaboutartofIndiansoranimals.Whatisinsideamuseum?Somemuseumshaveoldcarsandairplanes.Manymuseumshavepicturesandstatues(雕像).Othershaverocksandoldbones.Onemuseumevenhasacoalmineinside!Many citieshavemuseums.Someverysmalltownshavemuseums,too.Indianapolishasachildren’smuseum.Childrendonothavetopaytogetin.Childrengotothemuseumoften.Theyliketolookatthedinosaurbones.Theyseeawhitebeartenfeettall.Theygoinsideanoldlogcabin(小木屋).OnSaturday,Indianapolischildrencanheartalksaboutanimalsandtrees.Theyseemovies.单元自测8第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyoudon’t.—____________________Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项:C.Icouldn’tagreemore.题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3please______yourhandifyouhaveanyquestionatall.选择一项:A.raise题目4We________withachievement.选择一项:B.areobsessed题目5Whenpeoplearesurroundedby______communicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.选择一项:B.constant题目6 二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowDoYouCreateaCultureofInnovation?  Haveyounoticedthecourageburiedinthewordencourage?Tocreateacultureinwhichinnovationflourishestakescourage.Determinedinnovatorsarealwayscourageousenoughtoestablishacultureinwhichinnovationisgreatlyencouragedandrewarded.Herearethreewaystodothat.  Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Thinkofinnovationstrategyasapyramid:bigbetsatthetop,afewprojectsindevelopmentinthemiddle,andabroadbaseofcontinuousimprovements,lastingcontributions,andearly-stagenewideasatthebottom.  Definejobsaroundinnovation.Makeitajobprerequisite.Consider3M’smovetobecomeoneofthefirstcompaniestotellprofessionalsthattheycouldspend15percentoftheirtimeonprojectsoftheirownchoosing.Nowmanyhigh-techcompaniesknowthattheycan’tgetthebesttalentwithoutprovidingthiskindofflexibility.Andsomeofthoseself-selected,self-organizedprojectsmightevenresultinablockbusterproductorlineofbusiness.For3M,itwasthePost-itnote.  Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Tobuildacultureofcreativityandinnovation,Gillettedevelopedaninnovationfairinwhicheveryunitcouldshowoffitsmostpromisingnewconcepts.Itshowsthateveryonehasaroletoplayinacultureofinnovation.  Togofromideatosuccessfulinnovationrequiresagreatdealofsupportandcollaboration.Whenpeoplearesurroundedbyconstantcommunicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatisnecessaryincreatinginnovationculture?B.courage2.Howdoes3Mcreateitsinnovationculture?B.definejobsaroundinnovation.3.Thewordprerequisitein“Makeitajobprerequisite”meansA.requiredasapriorcondition4.HowdoesGillettecreateitsinnovationculture?C.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany. 5.TheformationfromideatoinnovationneedsC.supportandcooperation第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—It’saboutasuccessfulbusinessman’smanagementexperience,isn’tit?选择一项:B.That’sright!题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3______wecan’tcompeteintermsofsizeIdobelieveweholdanadvantageintermsofdedicationtocustomerservice.选择一项:C.Although题目4Thekey______successfulimplementationisclearlycommunicatingthestrategytothewholecompany.选择一项:A.to题目5Weneed________communicationskills:listencarefully,thinkbeforeyouspeakandmanageconflictsdiplomatically.选择一项:A.outstanding题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。   ThiseveningImetafriendatalocalbar.Shebroughtherlaptopalongsoshecouldshowmesomeofherlatestdigitalartdesigns.Aswelookedthroughherartwork,thelaptopsuddenlystartedmakinganunhealthynoise,thenthescreentwinkledonandoffandthencutoffcompletely.Andaswebothstaredatoneanothersurprisingly,theterriblesmelloffriedcomputercircuitsappeared.  Igrabbedthelaptopoffthebartoinspectitandtheprobleminstantlyaroseitself.Thebottomofthelaptopwascompletelywetandempty,spiltwaterglassrestedagainstthesideofherpursejustbehindwherethelaptopwassitting.Whilewewerechattingandshiftingthelaptop’s17inchscreenbackandforth,wesomehowspiltaglassofwaterthatthewaiterhadinadvertently(无意地)placedbehindthescreen,whichwasoutofourview.  Whenlifethrowsidsometroubleslikethis,ittypicallydoesn’tmakeanysensetous,andournaturalemotionalreactionmightgetextremelyupsetatthetopofourlungs.Buthowdoesthishelpourdilemma?Obviously,itdoesn’t.  Thesmartestandhardestthingwecandointhesekindsofsituationsistobemoretemperedinourreaction.You’dbemuchwiserandmoredisciplinedthanscreamextremely.Youshouldrememberthatemotionalrageonlymakesmattersworse.Andpleaserememberthatonceithappens,thatwillgiveusanopportunitytogrowstronger.  Everydifficultmomentinourlivesisaccompaniedbyanopportunityforpersonalgrowthandcreativity.Butinordertoattainthisgrowthandcreativity.  Wemustfirstlearntocontrolouremotions.Wemustrecognizethatdifficultiespasslikeeverythinginourlife.
简介:2022年国家开放大学电大《基础会计》和《管理英语4》合集网络核心课形考网考作业及答案最新国家开放大学电大《基础会计》期末试题题库及答案(试卷号2003)考试说明:本人根据学员的需求汇总了历年来所有的期末试题及答案,形成了一个单项选择题、多项选择题、简答题的标准考试题库,对考生的复习和考试起着非常重要的作用,会给您节省大量的时间。做考题时,利用本文档中的查找工具(Ctrl+F),把考题中的关键字输到查找工具的查找内容框内,就可迅速查找到该题答案。本文库还有其他网核、机考及教学考一体化试题答案,敬请查看。一、单项选择题1.“决策有用观”是一种关于()的观点。A.会计目标2.()是会计的主要内容,是会计的基础。A.会计核算3.下列不属于会计要素的是()。D.成本4.下列经济业务中,会引起一项兔愤减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款5.在借贷记账法下,资产类账户的结构特点是()。A.借方记增加,贷方记减少,余额在借方6.“限额领料单”按其填制方法属于()。B.累计凭证7.当经济业务只涉及货币资金相互间的收付时,一般填制()。B.付款凭证8.登记日记账的方式是按照经济业务发生的时间先后顺序进行()。A.逐日逐笔登记9.明细账从账簿的外表形式上看一般采用()账簿。B.活页式10.在实地盘存制下,平时在账簿中对财产物资()。A.只记增加数,不记减少数11.“未达账项”是指单位与银行之间由于结算凭证传递的时间不同而造成的()。 C.一方已经人账,而另一方尚未登记人账的账项12.财产清查中发现某种材料盘亏时,在报经批准处理以前应作会计分录为()。B.借;待处理财产损溢贷:原材料13.下列不属于对外会计报表的是()。D.产品生产成本表14.个别会计报表与合并会计报表是会计报表按照()进行的分类。D.会计主体15.会计信息应当能够反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量,满足会计信息使用者的需要,这是会计核算的()。B.相关性原则16.下列不属于会计循环的业务是()。A.编制预算报告17.下列不属于会计核算基本前提的是()。C.权责发生制18.记账凭证核算形式的特点是直接根据各种记账凭证逐笔登记()。C.总分类账19.企业在进行会计核算时选择一种“不多计资产或收益,少计负债或费用”的会计处理方法,所遵循的是()。C.谨慎性原则20.“资产=负债+所有者权益”这一会计恒等式的右端,两个因素的位置()。A.不能颠倒21.下列经济业务中,会引起一项负债减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款22.下列会计科目中属于负债类科目的是()。B.预提费用23.()既反映了会计要素间的基本数量关系,同时也是复式记账法的理论依据。D.会计恒等式24.在借贷记账法下,负债类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少.余额在贷方25.按照账户的用途和结构分类,“固定资产”账户属于()。 A.盘存账户26.记账以后,如发现记账错误是由于记账凭证所列会计科目或记账方向有误引起的,应采用()进行错账更正。D.红字更正法27.下列属于静态报表的是()。C.资产负债表28.“应付账款”账户的期初余额为8000元,本期贷方发生额为12000元,期末余额为6000元,则该账户的本期借方发生额为()。B.14000元29.在借贷记账法下,所有者权益类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少,余额在贷方30.按照账户的经济内容分类,“原材料”账户属于()。A.流动资产账户31.其全部指标均依据有关账户余额填列的会计报表是()。A.资产负债表32.在进行会计核算时,应将企业财产与其他单位及投资者财产区别开来,是会计核算基本前提中关于()的要求。A.会计主体33.资产负债表的资产项目,说明了企业所拥有的各种经济资源以及企业()。A.偿还债务的能力34.清查银行存款所采用的方法一般是()。D.对账单法35.下列单据中属于外来原始凭证的有()。D.购货发票36.复式记账法是对每一笔经济业务,都以相等的金额在()中进行登记。D.两个或两个以上的账户37.所有者权益类账户的期末余额是根据()计算。C.贷方期末余额=贷方期初余额十贷方本期发生额一借方本期发生额38.下列引起资产内部此增彼减的交易、事项是()。B.收回赊销款存入银行64.按经济内容分类,“制造费用”账户属于()账户。‘ A.成本类39.将现金存入银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证40.企业用现金支付某职工报销的市内交通费78元,会计人员编制的付款凭证为借记管理费用87元,贷记现金87元,并登记入账。对当年发生的该项记账错误应采用的更正方法是()。B.红字更正法41.计提资产减值准备,体现了会计信息质量要求中的()。C.谨慎性42.资产负债表结构设置的依据是()。C.资产=负债十所有者权益43.利润表中的“净利润”是根据企业的()扣除所得税费用后的净额。C.利润总额44.我国企业会计准则的制定机构是()。C.财政部45.根据现有的发现,我国会计一职最早出现在()。A.西周时期46.会计的反映职能不包括()。B.主观性47.利润是企业在一定期间的()。C.经营成果48.正确的会计等式是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益49.下列账户中与负债账户结构相同的是()账户。D.所有者权益50.简单会计分录的特征是()。C.一借一贷51.下列账户中,期末需直接结转到“本年利润”账户的是()。A.管理费用52.下列人员工资中,通过“管理费用”科目核算的是()。C.企业管理人员工资53.下列明细账中,可以采用数量金额式账页的是()。 A.库存商品明细分类账54.下列报表中,其结构有账户式和报告式的是()。B.资产负债表55.下列各项中属于所有者权益的是(.)。D.未分配利润56.复式记账法的基本理论依据是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益57.某企业购进材料一批,买价15000元,运输费600元,入库前整理挑选费400元。该批材料的采购成本是()。C.16000元58.下列属于制造企业其他业务收入的是()。D.出售材料收入59.会计凭证分为原始凭证和记账凭证,其分类标准是()。C.按其填制的程序和用途不同60.下列账簿中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账61.下列各项中,属于会计法律的是()。C.《中华人民共和国会计法》62.财产所有权与管理权相分离情况下,会计的根本目标是()。A.完成受托责任92.会计对象的具体化,可称为()。B.会计要素63.在借贷记账法中,账户的哪一方记录增加数,哪一方记录减少数是由()决定的。B.账户性质64.以下各账户中属于费用账户的是()。B.财务费用65.限额领料单属于()。B.累计凭证66.下列各项中应建立备查簿登记的是()。B.经营性租人固定资产67.某企业本月收到A公司偿还上月所欠货款5 000元存入银行,下列账务处理中的哪一种符合权责发生制要求()。B.借:银行存款5000贷:应收账款500068.财务报表编制的依据是()。D.账簿69.我国企业会计准则分为三个层次,它们是()。A.基本准则、具体准则和应用指南70.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的是()。A.资产类账户借方登记增加额71.采购员报销950元差旅费,出纳员又补付其现金150元并结清其暂借款,这项业务应编制()。D.付款凭证和转账凭证72.我国最新的企业会计准则实施于()。A.2007年73.下列各项中属于流动资产的有()。A.应收账款74.账户是根据()在账簿中开设的记账单元。C.会计科目75.账户中各项金额的关系可以用()表示。A.期末余额一期初余额十本期增加发生额一本期减少发生额76.下列项目中属于营业外收入的是()。C固定资产出售净收益77.将现金存人银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证125.下列账户中与负债类账户结构相同的是()。B.所有者权益类账户78.目前,我国会计核算中收付实现制的应用范围是()。D.行政单位和事业单位中除经营业务以外的业务79.会计对经济活动进行综合反映,主要是利用()。A.货币量度80.会计科目是对()的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。C.会计要素 81.企业结转已销售产品的成本时,应()。B.贷记“库存商品”账户82.收款凭证左上角“借方科目”后应填写()科目。B.银行存款或库存现金83.会计的基本职能是()。A.反映和控制84.下列不应当直接计入当期损益的是()。D.制造费用85.能够提供企业某一类经济业务增减变化较为详细会计信息的账簿是()。A.明细分类账86.采用收付实现制,由于没有将各个会计期间所实现的收入和为实现收入所应负担的费用进行配比,因而也就不能正确计算各期的()。D.经营成果87.目前,我国会计核算中权责发生制的应用范围是()。D.企业会计和事业单位中的经营业务88.下列账薄中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账89.在一些规模小、会计业务简单的单位,应()。B.在其他有关机构中设置会计人员90.在实际成本法下,用来归集记人材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。C.“在途物资”91.张华是公司的总经理,其出差报销差旅费10000元,应记入()账户。D.管理费用92.已知某企业营业收入300万元,营业成本200万,管理费用20万元,财务费用10万元,销售费用5万元,营业外收入8万元。填人利润表中的营业利润是()。B.65万元93.“应收账款”账户所属明细账户期末如果出现贷方余额,应填人资产负债表的项目是()。B.预收账款94.某企业某年10月份“原材料”账户期末余额为100000元,“库存商品”账户期末余额为120000元,“生产成本”账户期末余额为30000元,“固定资产”账户期末余额为200000元。资产负债表中的存货项目应填入()。 B.250000元95.资产负债表是反映企业()财务状况的报表。D.某一特定日期96.支付职工差旅费发生的现金流出属于()。C.经营活动的现金流出97.按照现行规定,我国上市公司年报应于年度终了后()内对外报告。C.4个月98.在供应过程中,在实际成本法下,用来归集记录材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。A.“在途物资”99.“利润分配”账户在年终结算后出现借方余额,表示()。A.未弥补的亏损额100.我国现行《会计法》是从()开始实施的。C.1985年5月1日二、多项选择题1.所有者权益的构成项目有()。A.实收资本B.资本公积C.盈余公积D.未分配利润E.应收账款2.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。B.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料6500C.借:生产成本8000D.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款50003.各种原始凭证必须具备的基本内容有()。A.凭证的名称B.经济业务事项名称、数量、单价和金额C.填制凭证单位名称或者填制人姓名E.填制凭证的日期4.登账时遇到下列情况应用红色墨水书写()。 A.在不设减少金额栏的多栏式账页中,登记减少数C.在三栏式账户的余额栏前,如未印明余额方向的,在余额栏内登记负数金额5.会计报表应当包括()。A.现金流量表B.相关附表C.资产负债表D.利润表6.下列各项中属于收益性支出的是()。A.购进商品B.购进原材料D.购进办公用品E.支付短期借款利息7.下列资产负债表项目中,需根据账户余额减去其备抵项目后的净额填列的有()B.短期投资D.存货E.应收账款9.总分类账和明细分类账平行登记的要点有()。A.登记的依据相同C.登记的方向一致E.登记的金额相同11.下列会计等式正确的有()。A.资产=权益B.资产=负债十所有者权益十净收益C.资产=负债+所有者权益E.资产=负债+所有者权益+(收入-费用)12.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。A.借:生产成本8000B.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款5000E.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料650013.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于跨期摊提账户的有()。B.预提费用E.待摊费用14.会汁凭证包括()。A.原始凭证B.记账凭证15.企业从银行提取现金5000元备用,此项业务应在()中登记。 A.现金日记账B.银行存款日记账C.总分类账16.会计账簿按其外表形式不同可分为()。C.订本式账簿D.活页式账簿E.卡片式账簿17.记账凭证的基本内容包括()。A.凭证的名称和编号B.经济业务事项摘要C.会计科目的名称、方向和金额D.凭证填制的日期和有关人员的签章E.所附原始凭证张数18.在借贷记账法下,账户贷方登记的内容有()B.资产的减少C.负债及所有者权益的增加19.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于调整账户的有(C.累计折旧D.坏账准备E.利润分配20.收入的取得可能会影响下列哪些会计要素()。A.资产B.负债D.所有者权益E.利润21.下列各项中,属于期间费用的有()。C.管理费用D.销售费用E.财务费用22.下列经济业务中,会引起会计等式左右两方同时发生增减变化的有(A.投资者投入货币资本B.以存款归还借款E.购进材料款未付23.下列各项中属于会计核算基本前提的有()。A.会计主体B.持续经营C.货币计量D.会计分期24.对账包括()。C.账簿与凭证核对D.账簿与账簿核对E.账簿与实物核对25.下列各项中属于会计核算方法的有()。A.复式记账B.填制和审核会计凭证D.设置会计科目和账户26.未达账项有以下几种情况()。A.本单位已记存款增加,银行尚未记账B.本单位巳记存款减少,银行尚未记账 C.银行已记存款增加,本单位尚未记账D.银行已记存款减少,本单位尚未记账27·财产清查中应采用实地盘点法进行清查的资产主要有()A.固定资产B.产成品D.库存现金28.会计方法应包括()。A.会计核算方法B.会计分析方法C.会计预测方法D.会计决策方法E.会计考评方法29.下列项目中,应计人“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C.提供劳务的收入30.账户的结构一般应包括()等内容。()A.账户名称B.日期和摘要C.凭证编号D.增加和减少的金额E.余额31.以下各项应在“营业税金及附加”账户核算的有()。B.消费税C.营业税D.教育费附加E.城市维护建设税32.资产负债表中货币资金项目编制的依据有()。A.库存现金B.银行存款C.其他货币资金33.资产的确认条件有()。A.与该资源有关的经济利益很可能流入企业C该资源的成本或者价值能够可靠地计量34.下列项目中,属于会计科目的有()。A.固定资产C.原材料E.累计折旧35.关于“本年利润”账户,下列说法正确的是()。A.借方登记期末转入的各项费用B.贷方登记期末转入的各项收入c.贷方余额为本年实现的利润额D.借方余额为本年发生的亏损额E.年终结算后无余额36.财务报表按其编报时间不同,可分为()。 C年度报表D.中期报表37.每一笔会计分录都包括()。A.账户名称B.记账方向C.金额38.借贷记账法下的试算平衡公式有()。C.全部账户借方发生额合计一全部账户贷方发生额合计D.全部账户借方余额合计一全部账户贷方余额合计39.企业实现的净利润应进行下列分配()。C.提取法定盈余公积金D.提取任意盈余公积金E.向投资人分配利润40.利润表中的“营业收入”应根据()之和来填列。A.主营业务收入B.其他业务收入41.下列属于会计法规体系的有()。A.会计法B.会计行政法规C.企业会计准则D.统一会计制度42.会计计量的属性有()。A.历史成本B.重置成本C.可变现净值D.现值E.公允价值43.下列项目中,应计入“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C提供劳务的收入44.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.资产的增加B.负债的减少C.收入的转销D.费用成本的增加45.会计核算方法包括()。A.填制和审核凭证B.登记账簿C.成本计算D.编制财务报表E.财产清查46.费用的发生可能会引起()。A.负债的增加B.资产的减少 C.所有者权益的减少47.下列可以用来作为分配材料采购费用标准的有(B.材料的体积C.材料的买价D.材料的重量48.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的有(A.资产类账户借方登记增加额B.资产类账户贷方登记减少额C.负债类账户借方登记减少额E.收入类账户贷方登记增加额49.下列费用中,属于期间费用的是()。B.销售费用C.管理费用D.财务费用50.投资者投入的资本,依据投资者的身份不同可以是(A.国家资本金B.个人资本金C.法人资本金E.外商资本金51.确定存货账面结存数量的方法有()。A.永续盘存制B.实地盘存制E.技术推算法52.下列不等式中,在不同情况下成立的有()答案:ABCD53.下列账户中,在期末结账后有余额的是()。A.生产成本B.在途物资54.企业分配工资费用时,应贷记“应付职工薪酬”科目,借记以下有关科目()。A.生产成本B.制造费用C.管理费用D.销售费用 55.权责发生制要求()。A.凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表B.凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用56.企业会计人员的主要职责有()。A.进行会计核算B.实行会计监督C.拟定本单位办理会计事务的具体办法D.参与拟定经济计划、业务计划,考核、分析预算、财务计划的执行情况57.会计核算是指会计工作收集、加工,储存和揭示会计信息的过程,这个过程由以下几个环节构成()。A.记录B.报告C.确认D.计量58.企业的留存收益包括()。A.未分配利润B.盈余公积59.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.收入的转销B.费用筏本的增加C.资产的增加D.负债的减少160.资产负债表的左方包括()等项目。A.存货B.商誉C.货币资金三、简答题1.试简要说明会计的特点。答:会计的特点是指会计和其他经济核算的不同点。由于会计核算是会计的基本环节,会计的特点主要体现在会计核算方面,它有三个基本特点;(1)以货币为主要计量尺度,具有综合性;(2)会计核算具有完整性、连续性和系统性;(3)会计核算要以凭证为依据,并严格遵守会计规范。2.实地盘存制的概念、优缺点及其适用范围是什么?答:(1) 概念。实地盘存制又称“定期盘存制”,是指平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数的一种存货核算方法。(2)优缺点。实地盘存制的优点是可以简化日常核算工作。主要缺点有两点:一是不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货的增加、减少和结余情况;二是倒挤出的销售成本不一定符合实际情况,可能包括一部分损失或差错,因而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。(3)适用范围。实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。3.会计循环的基本内容是什么?答:会计循环一般由下列步骤构成:第一,根据经济业务的实际发生和完成的真实情况编制必要的会计分录。第二,根据每笔会计分录所确定的应借、应贷金额,分别过人各有关总分类账户和明细分类账户之中。第三,根据会计等式的平衡关系来检查、验证会计分录和过账工作有无错误。第四,根据权责发生制和配比原则的要求,按照收入、费用的归属期,对账簿记录进行必要的调整。第五,根据分类账各账户提供的会计数据和会计主体财产清查的结果,在每一个会计期末进行对账。第六,根据一定时期内全部入账的经济业务的内容,将各种账簿记录结计清楚,即结出本期发生额和期末余额。第七,根据分类账户中有关账户的发生额和各账户的期末余额,编制损益表、资产负债表、现金流量表等会计报表及其财务状况说明书。4.简要说明总分类账与明细分类账的关系及其平行登记的要点。答:(1)总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系,又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的内在联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。(2)总分类账和明细分类账的平行登记包括以下几个要点:①登记的依据相同;②登记的方向一致;③登记的金额相等。5.试简要说明复式记账法的概念及其优点。答:复式记账法就是对于每一笔经济业务所引起的会计要素及其项目的增减变动,都以相等的金额,在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行登记的记账方法。复式记账法的优点有两个:一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。 6.试简要说明原始凭证与记账凭证的相同与不同之处。答:相同点:两者都是会计凭证。不同点:①作用不同。原始凭证是填制记账凭证的依据;汇账凭证是登记账簿的依据。②内容不同。原始凭证说明经济业务的发生或完成情况,是会计核算的原始资料;记账凭证主要确定会计分录。③填制人员不同。原始凭证—·般由业务经办人员填制,记账凭证山会计人员填制。7.什么是会计的职能?会计的基本职能有哪些?各自有什么特点?答:会计的职能是指会计所具有的功能。(1分)其基本职能是反映和控制。(1分)(1)会计反映职能具有以下特点:①会计提供的信息主要是通过货币形式来反映的(1分)②会计提供的信息具有客观性和可验证性(1分)③会计的反映具有连续性和综合性(1分)(2)会计的控制职能具有以下特点:①会计控制具有强制性和严肃性(1分)②会计控制具有适时性、连续性和全面性(1分)8.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?其适用范围是什么?答:永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。(3分)在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。(1分)实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数-然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计入账簿。(3分)实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。(1分)9.什么是会计科目?什么是账户?二者有什么联系与区别?答:会计科目就是对会计要素的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。账户是根据会计科目在账簿中开设的记账单元。二者的相同点是它们所反映的会计对象的具体内容是相同的。二者的区别是:(1)会计科目仅仅是指账户的名称,而账户除了有名称(会计科目)外,它还具有一定的格式、结构,具体表现为若干账页,是用来记录经济业务的载体;(2分) (2)会计科目是会计核算前,事先确定的对经济业务分类核算的项目,账户是经济业务发生之后,进行分类、连续登记的一种手段。(2分)10.什么是财务报表?其基本内容有哪些?答:财务报表是对企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的结构性表述。(2分)财务报表的主要内容由表头、表身和表外说明三部分组成。(2分)表头内容包括报表名称、报表编制单位名称、时间(或会计期间)、报表编号和计量单位五部分。(2分)表身是报表最重要的部分,它由一系列相互联系的经济指标组成。(1分)表外说明是对表身未反映的事项进行补充或对表身未能详细反映的内容作必要的解释。(1分)11.什么是会计凭证?其有何作用?有哪些种类?答:会计凭证是记录经济业务、明确经济责任的书面证明,也是登记账簿的依据。正确地填制、合法地取得和严格地审核会计凭证,是会计循环的初始环节,也是会计核算的基本方法,对于完成会计工作具有十分重要的意义,其主要作用体现在以下三个方面:(1)及时、正确地反映经济业务完成情况;(2)明确经济责任,强化单位内部控制;(3)加强经济监督,控制经济运行。会计凭证是多种多样的,按照填制程序和用途不同,可以分为原始凭证和记账凭证。12.什么是权责发生制和收付实现制?两者的区别何在?其各自的适用范围是什么?答:权责发生制又称为应收应付制或应计制,是指以是否取得收到现金的权利或发生支付现金的责任即权责的发生为标志来确认本期收入和费用以及债权和债务。权责发生制基础要求,凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计入利润表;凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用。收付实现制又称为现收现付制或现金制,是与权责发生制相对应的一种会计基础,它是以实际收到或支付现金的时间来确认会计期间的收入、费用。收付实现制基础要求,凡是当期收到和支付的现金,都作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表;凡是当期没有实际收到和付出现金,都不记录本期收入和费用。权责发生制与收付实现制的区别在于对收入、费用人账时间的确认不一样。13.什么是复式记账法?复式记账法有什么优缺点?答:复式记账法是对发生每一笔经济业务所引起会计要素的增减变动,以相等的金额同时在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行记录的一种方法。(3分)复式记账法的优点有两个: 一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。(2分)二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。(2分)14.为什么企业要进行期末账项调整?其包括哪几种类型?答:按照权责发生制基础的要求,不论款项是否支付,凡是本会计期间已经实现的收入和应该负担的费用都要计入本期的收入和费用,凡是不属于本期收入和本期应该负担的费用,即使相关款项已经收付,也不能计入本会计期间的收入和费用。因此,每个会计期末都要对已经人账和没有人账的相关收入、费用进行必要的调整,以便正确计算本期损益。(4分)账项调整的内容有五种类型:应计收入的调整;预收收入的调整;应计费用的调整;预付费用的调整;其他账项的调整。(4分)15.总分类账与明细分类账的联系与区别是什么?答:总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系、又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务的内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。总分类账提供的经济指标,是明细分类账资料的综合,对所属明细分类账起着统驭和控制作用;明细分类账是对有关总账的补充,起着辅助和补充说明作用。16.财务报表的信息质量要求有哪些?答:我国财政部颁布的《企业会计准则——基本准则》对财务报表所反映的会计信息质量提出了八项要求:(1)客观性要求。是指会计核算应当以实际发生的经济业务为依据,如实反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量。(2)相关性要求。是指企业提供约会计信息应当与财务会计报告使用者的经济决策需要相关,有助于财务会计报告使用者对企业过去。现在或者未来的情况作出评价或者预测。(3)明晰性要求。明晰性要求实质上是要实现财务报表的可理解性,即企业编制的财务会计报告要清晰明了,便于理解和利用。(4)可比性要求。是指企业的会计核算按照规定的会计处理方法进行,会计指标应当口径一致,相互可比。可比性要求包括纵向可比和横向可比两方面要求。(5)实质重于形式要求。是指企业应当按照交易或者事项的经济实质进行会计确认、计量和报告,不应仅以交易或者事项的法律形式为依据。(6)重要性要求。是指企业在会计核算过程中对交易或事项应当区别其重要程度,采用不 同的报告方式。具体来说,对于那些对企业的经济活动或会计信息的使用者相对重要的会计事项,应单独报告,分项反映,力求准确,并在会计报告中重点说明;而对于那些次要的会计事项,在不影响会计信息真实可靠的情况下,则可适当简化会计核算和报告手续,合并反映。(7)谨慎性要求。是指会计人员在对某些经济业务或会计事项存在不同的会计处理方法和程序可供选择时,在不影响合理选择的前提下,以尽可能选择不虚增利润和夸大所有者权益的会计处理方法和程序进行会计处理,要求合理核算和报告可能发生的损失和费用。(8)及时性要求。是指企业的会计核算应当及时进行,不得提前或延后,以保证会计信息的及时利用。17.什么是记账凭证?如何审核记账凭证?答:记账凭证是会计人员根据审核无误的原始凭证及有关资料,按照经济业务的内容加以归类、并确定会计分录而填制的、直接作为登记账簿依据的凭证。(2分)记账凭证审核的内容包括有:(1)内容是否真实记账凭证是否附有原始凭证,记账凭证的经济内容是否与所附原始凭证的内容相同、金额是否相等。(2分)(2)会计科目和金额是否正确审核记账凭证应借、应贷的会计科目(包括一级科目、明细科目)对应关系是否清晰、金额是否正确。(2分)(3)项目是否齐全记账凭证中的项目是否填制完整,日期、凭证编号、附件张数有关人员的签章是否齐全;摘要是否清楚。(2分)18.我国会计法律规范分为哪几个层次?各包含哪些主要内容?答:我国的会计法律规范包括会计法、会计行政法规、会计准则(制度)三个层次。(1分)(1)会计法是调整整个国民经济活动中会计关系的法律规范的总称。是一切会计法规的母法,在会计法体系中处于最核心的地位和最高的层次,是制定其他会计法规的依据和指导一切会计工作的准绳,具有普遍适用性和指导性的特点。(2分)(2)会计行政管理法规,包括会计行政法规、地方性会计法规和会计规章。(2分)(3)会计制度按会计主体不同分为企业会计制度和非企业会计制度两大类,前者规范企业的会计核算工作,后者规范非企业单位的会计核算工作。另外,会计准则是依据《会计法》制定的关于会计核算的规范。(2分)19.什么是平行登记?其要点是什么?答:所谓平行登记,就是对发生的每一项经济业务,一方面要在有关的总分类账户中进行总括登记,另一方面还要在其所属的有关明细账户中进行明细登记。 平行登记的要点有:(1)总分类账与明细分类账登记的依据相同;(2)总分类账与明细分类账登记的方向一致;(3)总分类账与明细分类账登记的金额相等。20.财务报表的种类有哪些?答:不同性质的会计主体,由于会计核算的具体内容和经济管理的要求不同,其财务报表的种类也不尽相向。对企业而言,可按照以下不同的标准将财务报表划分成不同的类别:(1)按经济内容分类。按财务报表反映内容的不同,可分为静态报表和动态报表。静态报表是指综合反映企业某一特定时点资产、负债和所有者权益情况的报表,如资产负债表;动态报表是指综合反映企业一定时期的经营情况、现金流动情况以及所有者权益变动情况的报表,如利润表、现金流量表和所有者权益变动表。(2)按编报时间分类。按财务报表编报时间的不同,可分为中报和年报。中报,即中期报表,是在年度中间的某一时期对外提供的财务报表。中期报表涵盖的时间短于一个会计年度,包括月报、季报和半年报。年报,即年度报表,是在年末编制的,按年度反映企业年末财务状况和年度内经营成果、现金流量的财务报表。一般而言,月报要求简明扼要,及时反映;年报要求揭示完整,反映全面;而季报和半年报在会计信息的详细程度方面,则介于两者之间。(3)按编制主体分类。按财务报表编制主体,可分为个别财务报表和合并财务报表,这种划分是在企业对外单位进行投资情况下,基于特殊财务关系而形成的。个别财务报表是指投资企业或接受投资企业编制的,只反映投资企业或接受投资企业本身的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表;合并财务报表是指投资企业在对外投资占被投资企业的资本总额半数以上(或者实质上拥有被投资企业控制权)的情况下,根据本企业和被投资企业的个别财务报表编制的,反映投资企业与被投资企业整体的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表。21.什么是内部会计控制制度?其基本内容有哪些?答:内部会计控制制度,是指各单位根据国家会计法律、法规、规章、制度的规定,结合本单位经营管理和业务管理的特点和要求而制定的旨在规范单位内部会计管理活动的制度和办法。(4分)内部会计控制制度的基本内容具体包括内部会计控制体系,会计人员岗位责任制度,账务处理程序制度,内部牵制制度,计量验收制度,财产清查制度,财务收支审批制度,成本核算制度和财务会计分析制度。(4分)22.什么是会计账簿?其有何作用?有哪些种类? 答:会计账簿是按照会计科目开设的,由一定格式的账页组成,以记账凭证为依据,全面地、连续地、系统地、综合地记录企事业单位经济业务的簿籍。设置和登记账簿是会计工作的重要环节,也是会计信息处理的一个重要的专门方法。各单位通过设置和登记账簿,可以把分散在会计凭证上的大量核算资料,加以集中和归类整理,为编制财务报表提供重要依据。会计账簿在会计核算中的主要作用有:①通过登记会计账簿,可以把会计凭证所提供的资料归类汇总,形成集中的、系统的、全面的会计核算资料;②会计账簿是反映、监督经济活动,考核各部门经济责任的重要手段;③会计账簿为编制财务报表提供主要的数据资料。会计账簿形式多种多样,不同的会计账簿所登记的内容及登记的方法各不相同。我们可以按不同标准对会计账簿进行分类:①按其用途的不同可以分为序时账簿、分类账簿和备查账簿三种;②按其形式的不同可分为订本式账簿、活页式账簿和卡片式账簿;③按账页格式的不同可以分为三栏式账簿、多栏式账簿和数量金额式账簿等。23.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?各有什么优缺点?各自适用于哪些存货?答:实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计人账簿。采用实地盘存制,虽然平时能简化记账工作,但核算手续不严密,不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货减少和结余情况,工作中如出现差错、毁损、被盗丢失等情况,均计入本期发出数,从而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。因此,实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。采用这种方法,虽然能在账簿中及时反映各项存货的增减变动及结存情况,但也有可能发生账实不符的情况。因此,也需要对各项存货进行实地盘点,以查明账实是否相符,以及账实不符的原因。采用永续盘存制,虽然加大了日常核算工作量,但手续严密,通过明细账簿可以随时了解存货的收入、发出和结存情况,有利于加强存货管理。因此,在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。最新国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明:2022年春期电大把《管理英语4》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核,它共有八个单元自测 。针对该门课程,给出了每个单元自测的二套标准题库,在考试中可多次抽取试题,直至与其中的一套答案相近即可。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案,敬请查看。单元自测1第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Thisprojectistoobigformetofinishontime.选择一项:C.I’llgiveyouahand题目2—Ithinkthingshavebeenabitdifficultforusthelastcoupleofmonths.—__________.We’vebeenworkinghard,butstillgettingbehind.选择一项:A.You’reright题目3AT&Tfoundthatemployeeswithbetterplanninganddecision-makingskillswere______tobepromotedintomanagementjobs.选择一项:A.morelikely题目4TheHumanResourceManagingDepartmentatHondaisgivenspecificinstructions______employthebestpossibleworkers.选择一项:C.onhowto题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。WhoKilledNokia?  Nokiaexecutivesattemptedtoexplainitsfallfromthetopofthesmartphonepyramidwith threefactors:1)thatNokiawastechnicallyinferiortoApple,2)thatthecompanywascomplacentand3)thatitsleadersdidn’tseethedisruptiveiPhonecoming.  Ithasalsobeenarguedthatitwasnoneoftheabove.Nokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseofdivergentsharedfearsamongthecompany’smiddleandtopmanagerswhichledtocompany-wideinertiathatleftitpowerlesstorespondtoApple’sgame.  Basedonthefindingsofanin-depthinvestigationand76interviewswithtopandmiddlemanagers,engineersandexternalexperts,theresearchersdiscoveredacultureoffearduetotemperamentalleadersandthatfrightenedmiddlemanagerswerescaredoftellingthetruth.  Thefearthatfrozethecompanycamefromtwoplaces.First,thecompany’stopmanagershadaterrifyingreputation.SomemembersofNokia’sboardandtopmanagementweredescribedas“extremelytemperamental”andtheyregularlyshoutedatpeople“atthetopoftheirlungs”.Itwasverydifficulttotellthemthingstheydidn’twanttohear.Secondly,topmanagerswereafraidoftheexternalenvironmentandnotmeetingtheirquarterlytargets,whichalsoimpactedhowtheytreatedmiddlemanagers.  Topmanagersthusmademiddlemanagersafraidofdisappointingthem.Middlemanagersweretoldthattheywerenotambitiousenoughtomeettopmanagers’goals.  Fearingthereactionsoftopmanagers,middlemanagersremainedsilentorprovidedoptimistic,filteredinformation.Thus,middlemanagersdirectlyliedtotopmanagement.  Worse,acultureofstatusinsideNokiamadeeveryonewanttoholdontovestedpowerforfearofresourcesbeingallocatedelsewhereiftheydeliveredbadnewsorshowedthattheywerenotboldorambitiousenoughtoundertakechallengingassignments.  Beyondverbalpressure,topmanagersalsoappliedpressureforfasterperformanceinpersonnelselection.Thisledmiddlemanagerstooverpromiseandunderdeliver.Onemiddlemanagertoldusthat“youcangetresourcesbypromisingsomethingearlier,orpromisingalot.It’ssaleswork.”  Whilemodestfearmightbehealthyformotivation,abusingitcanbelikeoverusingadrug,whichrisksgeneratingharmfulsideeffects.Toreducethisrisk,leadersshouldcoordinatewiththevariedemotionsofthestaff.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhaveencouragedsafedialogue,internalcoordinationandfeedbacktounderstandthetrueemotionintheorganization.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.NokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseitstechnologyisnotasgoodasthatofApple. F2.Nokia’smiddlemanagerswerefranktotellthetruth,butthetoponesdidn’tlistentothem.F3.Nokia’stopmanagersweretoomoodytohearanythinggoodbutharsh.T4.MiddlemanagersinNokiadeliveredresultsmorethantheypromisedearlier.F5.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhavehadbetterconversationtechniquestoencourageinternalcoordinationandtruth.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)—Couldyougiveusaspeechonmanagementfunctionssomedaythisweek?选择一项:C.I’dloveto,butI’mbusythisweek题目2—Wecouldletsomeofthestaffworkfromhome.________________?—That’sagoodidea.选择一项:B.Whatdoyouthinkofit题目3______hisangertheemployeescalledhimMr.Thunder,buttheylovedhim.选择一项:A.Dueto题目4Itisthroughenthusiasmandquietintensity______wetransformcreativityandvisionintothetechnologies.选择一项:A.that题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate 题目6二、听力理解:听录音,选择最佳答案(共50分)。操作提示:通过下拉选项框,选择答案。1.WhatkindofroleisMelindatakingonforherjob?C.Projectcoordinator.2.HowlongwillMelindabetrainedforhernewrole?B.Halfamonth.3.HowoftenshouldMelindareporttotheboardontheprogressoftheproject?A.Onceamonth.4.WhatkindofcontractcanMelindasignwithoutsidecontractors?B.Standardtemporary-workercontract.5.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtoMelinda’sresponsibilities?A.Formulatetheindustrystandardofpayment.单元自测2第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—____________________identifytheproblemsthathavebeenoccurring?—Well,asyouknow,theproblemswehadwithGarycausedalotoffrictionamongtheteam.选择一项:C.Areyouableto题目2—Ifyoucan’tsaywhatyou’vecometosayatthemeeting,what’sthepoint?—____________________,butIthinkyoumightneedtochangeyourapproachsomewhat.选择一项:B.Icanseethat题目3WhenthemessagefinallyreachedtheCommandCenter,it__________“mutated”tobecome—“Sendthreeandfour-pence,we’regoingtoadance.”选择一项:B.had 题目4EverytimeItriedtosaysomething,hewould______tosomethingelse.选择一项:B.moveon题目5Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。HabitsofHighlyEffectiveCommunicators  It’snosecretthatgoodleadersarealsogoodcommunicators.Indeed,communicationandleadershipareinextricablytied.Howcanyougalvanize,inspireorguideothersifyoudon’tcommunicateinaclear,credibleandauthenticway?Hereare5essentialcommunicationpracticesofeffectiveleaders:  1.Mindthesay-dogap.Trustisthebedrockofeffectiveleadership–yourbehaviorisyoursinglegreatestmodeofcommunication,anditmustbecongruentwithwhatyousay.Ifyouractionsdon’talignwithyourwords,youarestoringuptroubleforthefuture.  2.Makethecomplexsimple.Effectiveleadersdistillcomplexthoughtsandstrategiesintosimple,memorabletermsthatcolleaguesandcustomerscangraspandactupon.Themostimportantthingistoclarifywhatyouwanttosay,lookoutfortechnicaljargonandavoidbusinessspeak,whichaddcomplexity.Saywhatyoumeaninasfewwordsaspossible.  3.Findyourownvoice.Uselanguagethat’sdistinctlyyourown;letyourvaluescomethroughinyourcommunication.Correctuseoflanguageandgrammarareimportant,ofcourse,butdon’tbecomeoverlyfixatedoneloquenceforeloquence’ssake;concentrateonbeingdistinctandreal.Peoplewantreal,peoplerespectreal,peoplefollowreal.  4.BevisibleVisibilityisaboutlettingyourkeystakeholdersgetafeelforwhoyouareandwhatyoucareabout.Don’thidebehindacomputerandonlyinteractwithpeopleelectronically–seethemfacetofaceandvoicetovoice,andinteractwiththeminareal,substantialway.Intoday’senvironment,wherepeopleareoftenburnedout,it’simportantforemployeestohave apersonalconnectionwithyouandtheworkyoubelievein.Showthepeoplethatworkforyouthatyou’reengagedandthatyoucareaboutthemandtheirwork.  5.Listenwithyoureyesaswellasyourears.Effectivecommunicationisatwo-wayprocess,andgoodleadersknowhowtoaskgoodquestions,andthenlistenwithboththeireyesandtheirears.Becauseyouareinapositionofauthority,othersmaybereluctanttoexpresstheirrealopinionstoyoudirectly.Youwon’talwaysgetdirectfeedback,soyouneedtoalsobeabletoreadbetweenthelinesandlookforthenon-verbalcues.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Communicationandleadershipdon’talwaysgohandinhand.F2.Thesay-dogaphappenswhenpeoplemisunderstandtheirleader’sintention.F3.Usingtechnicaljargonmakesaleaderconvincing.F4.Communicatingsincerelyisalwaysthebest.T5.Observationisasimportantascommunicationwhenyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplereallythink.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Howdidyourmeetinggoyesterday?—____________________actually,itwasreallyfrustrating.选择一项:A.Notsogood题目2—Howcanyouexplainthelatestsituation?—____________________,Iknowitisallmyfault.选择一项:A.Sorry题目3Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering 题目4Ithinktheprimary______factoristhere’sbeensomuchabsencelately.选择一项:A.contributing题目5He’sleftnow,butproductivityhasn’t______thatmuch.选择一项:C.pickedup题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。WhatWeHaveHere:AFailuretoCommunicate  Itistheweirdething.Therearemorewaysthanevertocommunicatewithpeople,yetitsometimesseemslikeitismoredifficulttoconnect—andstayconnected—withanyone.  Shouldyoushootoffanemail?Tapoutatext?PostaprivatemessageonFacebook?WriteontheirFacebookwall?Skype,poke,pingorconjurethemuponadigitaltincanphone?  Andonceyoureachsomeone,youwonder:Ishepayingattention?Howdoyouknow?Evenwiththetechno-easeofcountlesscommunicationdevices,conversationscanstillbetroublesome.Questionsareaskedandansweredoutoforder.Instructionsanddirectionsgohalf-read.Meetingsarebotched.Feelingsarehurt.单元自测3第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—WillyouhelpmearrangeameetingwithMr.Brown,please?选择一项:C.SorryIcan’t.Ihavetofinishmyprojectrightnow. 题目3IfItakethetimetotalkwithmymanageratthebeginningofaproject,we______offtoagreatstartonthesamepage.选择一项:A.canget题目4IbelievethatIhavealottocontribute______ateamenvironment,andamcomfortableinbothleadershipandplayerroles.选择一项:A.to题目5Theteamcreatesanenvironment______peoplearecomfortableincommunicating,advocatingpositions,andtakingaction.选择一项:C.inwhich题目6阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。TipsforTeamBuilding  Whenyouthinkofteambuilding,doyouimmediatelypictureyourgroupoffataresortplayinggamesorhangingfromropes?Traditionally,manyorganizationsapproachteambuildinginthiswaybut,then,theywonderwhythatwonderfulsenseofteamworkthathadbeendisplayedattheretreatortheseminarfailstoimpactlongtermbeliefsandactionsbackatwork.  I’mnotaversetoretreats,planningsessions,seminarsandteambuildingactivities—infactIleadthem—buttheyhavetoformpartofamuchlargerteamworkeffort.Youwillnotbuildteamworkby“retreating”asagroupforacoupleofdayseachyear,insteadyouneedtothinkofteambuildingassomethingyoudoeverysingleday.  •Formteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocesses.Providetraininginsystematicmethodssotheteamexpendsitsenergyontheproject,notontryingtoworkouthowtoworktogetherasateamtoapproachtheproblem.  •Holddepartmentmeetingstoreviewprojectsandprogress,toobtainbroadinput,andtocoordinatesharedworkprocesses.Ifthereisfrictionbetweenteammembers,examinethework processestheymutuallyown—theproblemisnotusuallytheirpersonalities;instead,itisoftenthefactthattheteammembershaven’tagreedonhowtheywilldeliveraproductorservice,orthestepsrequiredtogetsomethingdone.  •Buildfunandsharedoccasionsintotheorganization’sagenda—holdpotlucklunches,taketheteamtoasportingevent,sponsordinnersatalocalrestaurant,gohikingorgotoanamusementpark.Holdamonthlycompanymeeting,sponsorsportsteamsandencouragecheeringteamfans.  •Useicebreakersandteamworkexercisesatmeetings—thesehelpteammembersgettoknoweachother,sharedetailsabouteachotherslives,andhavealaughtogether.  •Celebrateteamsuccessespublicly.Therearemanywaysyoucoulddothis,forinstancebybuyingeveryonethesameT-shirtorhat,puttingteammembernamesinadrawforcompanymerchandiseandgiftcertificates.Theonlythinglimitingyouisyourimagination.  Ifyoudothetypesofteamworkbuildinglistedabove,you’llbeamazedattheprogressyouwillmakeincreatingateamworkculture,aculturethatenablesindividualstocontributemorethantheyeverthoughtpossible—together.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Teambuildingeventistraditionallyrelatedtoplayinggamesatresort.T2.Theauthorclaimsthatplayinggamestogetherisasimportantasformteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocessesforteambuilding.F3.“Retreat”inthefirstparagraphmeanswithdrawaloftroopsafteradefeat.F4.Icebreakingmotivatesteammemberscompetewitheachother.F5.Agoodteamworkcultureenablesindividualsmakemoreeffortstogether.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—CouldIborrowyouriPadforafewhours?选择一项: B.Sure,hereyouare.Enjoyyourtime.题目3Regularandconcretefeedbackisimportant______whoisnotperforminguptoherpotential.选择一项:B.whendealingwithaworker题目4Teammembersare______asuniquepeoplewithirreplaceableexperiences,pointsofview,andknowledgetocontribute.选择一项:B.viewed题目5Inhighschool,Iamequallycomfortable______asamemberofateamandindependently.选择一项:B.working题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。ATeamworkGame  Ateamofabout35employeeshadcometogetherforateambuildingevent.Theywereayoung,brightandenthusiasticteam.However,oneoftheirchiefproblemswasthefactthattheywouldn’tshareinformationorsolutionswitheachother,andtheteamleaderthoughttheyweretoofocusedonthemselvesandnotontheteam.Asaresult,shebroughtthemallintothecafeteria.Allofthetablesandchairshadbeenstoredaway,andfundecorationsandhundredsofdifferentcoloredballoonshadbeenplacedaroundtheroom.  Inthecenteroftheroomwasabigboxofballoonsthathadn’tbeenblownupyet.Theteamleaderinstructedeverybodytopickaballoon,blowitup,andwritetheirnameonit,buttheyhadtobecarefulnottobursttheballoon.  Althoughtheyweregivenasecondchanceiftheirfirstballoonpopped,theywereoutofthegamethesecondtimeround.Intheend,about30teammemberswrotetheirnameswithouttheirballoonspopping.Theywerethenaskedtoleavetheroomand,afterfiveminutes,theteamleaderbroughtthembackinandaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.After15minutesofsearching,noonehadfoundtheirballoon, andtheteamweretoldthattheywerethengoingtomoveontothethirdroundoftheactivity.  Inthisround,eachteammemberwasinstructedtofindanyballoonwithanameonitandthengivethatballoontothepersonwhosenamewasonit.Withintwominutes,everybodyhadtheirownballoon.Theteamleadersummarizedtheactivitythus:“Wearemuchmoreefficientwhenwearewillingtosharewitheachotherandmuchbetteratproblemsolvingwhenweareworkingtogether,notindividually.”  Sometimes,membersofteamscreateobstaclesbyfocusingsolelyontheirownpursuitsandgoals.Everymemberoftheteamshouldaskthemselvesonaregularbasiswhattheyaredoingandwhattheycandofortheteam.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.ThisteambuildingeventwasaimedatB.makingtheteammembersknowhowtoshareinformationorsolutionsandcooperatewitheachother2.ThiseventwasheldinA.aself-servicerestaurant3.Abouthowmanyteammemberswereoutofthesecondroundoftheactivity?C.5.4.Whichstatementbelowiscorrect?C.Inthethirdround,everybodyhadtheirownballoonwithhelpfromotherswithin2minutes.5.Whatwastheeventgoingtoteachtheseemployees?A.Sharingandcooperatingwithotherteammembersismoreefficientwhentheyareworkingtogether.单元自测4第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目2—DoyoumindifIusevoucherstospendinarestaurant? 选择一项:B.Notatall.Goahead.题目3Theleader______atcreatingopportunitiestoproviderewards,recognitionandthankstohisorherstaff.选择一项:C.excels题目4______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Humanresourcessupportedtheproposalofgivingthebusinessintelligenceapayincentiveeverythreemonthsatthebeginning.F2.BradfromhumanresourcessupportsScott’sidea.T3.CarlottaisthemanagerofHRD.F4.Menandwomeninthebusinessintelligenceteamwhohavebeenselectedtogettheprizewillreceivethesamerewardingthings.F5.Theprize-winnercannotchoosetheprizethatcostsmorethan$500.7.Theprize-winnercanonlyhavematerialawardsandnodayoff.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Wow!Thisisafantasticproject!I’veneverknownyou’resocreative.选择一项:C.Thanksforyourcompliments.题目2—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目3______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目4Companiesare______interestedinyoursoftskills______theyareinyourhardskills.选择一项:B.as…as…题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowGoogleContinuestoKeepEmployeesHappy  WorkingforGoogleisadreamofmany,notjustbecauseofwhatthiscompanyhasachievedinthelast15years,butbecauseofitsenviableworkculture.Withabout37,000employeesin40countries,youmightwonderhowGooglemaintainsamotivatingworkexperiencethroughoutitsentirecompany.  WorkingforGooglecomeswithperksthatmostotherorganizationscan’tprovide–bowlingalleys,freehaircuts,gymmemberships,andshuttlestoandfromwork.Thecompany’ssecrettosuccessisputtingthesameamountoftimeandeffortintokeepingemployeeshappyasitdoesintoinnovatingproducts.   Backwhenthecompanywasjustastart-up,co-foundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinhadthegoalofmakingGoogleaplacethemosttalentedpeoplewantedtoworkat.Theirideawassimple:creatingaworkculturethatkeepsemployeeshappywillmotivatethemtodotheirbestandwillkeepthemloyaltothecompany.  “It’slessabouttheaspirationtobeNo.1intheworld,andmorethatwewantouremployeesandfutureonestoloveithere,becausethat’swhat’sgoingtomakeussuccessful,”saidKarenMay,theVicePresidentofpeopledevelopmentatGoogle.  Googlealsomakesitsemployeeswanttoworkbecausemanagersprovidetasksthatareinspiringandchallenging.EveryemployeeatGooglehastheopportunitytospend20%ofhisorherworkingtimeonaprojecttheychoose.Thisfreedomtakesemployeesoutoftheirroutineandawayfromthemundanetasksthatoftenmakeworkersfeeluninspiredabouttheirjobs.  Lastly,Googleshowseachemployeejusthowimportantheorsheistothecompany.Eachemployee,regardlessofherspotonthetotempole,hasaninfluenceonhowGoogleperforms.  “Ifyouvaluepeople,andcareaboutthemaswholepeople,onethingyoudoisgivingthemavoice,andyoureallylisten,”Maysaid.  GoogledoesjustthatbyhostingemployeeforumseveryFriday,wheretheydiscussthe20most-askedquestions.Employeeshaveaccesstoallcompanyinformation,addingasenseoftrust,andemployeesandleadersworktogethertosolveproblems.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.HowwouldyoudescribeGoogle?B.Largeglobalenterprises2.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtothemethodsthatGooglemotivateitsemployees?A.PromotingtheemployeewhohasmoreinfluenceonGooglethehigherjobposition.3.WhofoundedGoogle?A.LarryPageandSergeyBrin4.IfyouareanormalemployeeofGoogle,whatcouldyoudoEXCEPT?B.Onlyworkfortheprojectyouchoose.5.WhatisGoogle’ssecrettosuccess?C.Valuingthehappinessofitsemployeesasmuchasinnovatinggoodproducts.单元自测5第一套 一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Whydidn’tyoucometomybirthdaypartyyesterday?选择一项:B.Sorry,butmywifehadacaraccident.题目3Myleathershoescostme________thelastpairsIbought.选择一项:C.threetimesasmuchas题目4Theworkmenwantto________thenumberofworkinghoursandtoincreasepay.选择一项:B.decrease题目5Lindawalkedatthehead,________byhercolleagues.选择一项:A.followed题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。PerformanceManagementandPerformanceAppraisal  Performancemanagementaimstoacknowledgeemployeeachievements,supporttheirpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment,andmotivateandempowerthemtoperformtheirworkeffectively.Performancemanagementhelpsemployeestodeveloptheirunderstanding,knowledgeandskillssothattheycancontributetotheachievementoftheenterprise’sgoalsandgainpersonalandjobsatisfaction.Itisavitalpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.  Everyenterprisewantsandshouldexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.Theelementsofacompetency-basedperformancemanagementsystemwill,ifimplementedwell,enablehigh performancewhichwilldefineenterpriseandpersonalsuccess.Usingperformancemanagementprocesses,anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallenges.Thisisdoneby:  ●identifyingthecriticalpositions  ●determiningthemostimportantcompetenciesforthosepositions  ●providingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees  ●holdingeachpersonaccountablefortheirresults  Thekeytotheperformancemanagementprocessis‘performanceappraisal’.Performanceappraisalissimplyanevaluationofhowwellanemployeeperformshisorherjobcomparedtoasetofpredeterminedstandards.Itisasystematicprocessoffeedbackonanemployee’sworkperformance,andagreementtofuturetrainingplans,jobgoalsandjobaspirations.  Tobeeffective,aperformanceappraisalneedstohaveasetofagreedcriteriathatwillbethebasisoffeedbackaswellasofsettingfuturegoals.Unitsofcompetencyprovideaveryeffectivetoolforsettingbenchmarksorcriteriaforworkperformance.Theperformancecriteriawithinunitsofcompetencycanbeusedasmeasurestoassessagainstinaperformanceappraisalorreview.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Performancemanagementisaveryimportantpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.T2.Theaimofperformancemanagementistopunishtheunqualifiedemployees.F3.Anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallengesbyprovidingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees,forexample.T4.Everyenterprisecanexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.F5.“Performancemanagement”isalsocalled“performanceappraisal”.F第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Over-the-top?Youmean…选择一项: A.Well,sometimesyourco-workersfeelthatyouaretooloud.题目3Theyhavecometotheconclusion________thiswinterwillbeevencolderthanbefore.选择一项:A.that题目4Pleaseaskthesolicitorwhathis________wouldbetotakethecasetocourt.选择一项:B.fee题目5Achild’scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhishome________.选择一项:B.environment题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowtoHandleaBadPerformanceReview  Gettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopeless.Butit’snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong,youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature,adultmanner.Herearesomesuggestions:  Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially,donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besides,thepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.  WhattoDoWhenReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  It’sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.  WhattoDoAfterReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  Don’tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.Itisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththe bedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.  WaystoImproveaBadPerformanceReview  Awaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Staycalmandlistencarefully.2.Whatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Learnfromthereview.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudonotagreewiththebadperformancereview?B.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.4.HowdoyouimproveabadperformancereviewA.Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.5.Whyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?B.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.单元自测6第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Whichofthesehatsdoyouwant?—_______.Eitherwilldo.选择一项:A.Idon’tmind题目2—Ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,nooneelsewill.—_____.Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项: C.Icouldn’tagreemore题目3Redundancyhappenswhenemployeesneedto_____theirworkforce.Andasaresult,someonegetsdismissedfromwork.选择一项:C.reduce题目4Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  OnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzed(瘫痪)fromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofdisabilitywithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe“haves”tothe“have-nots”.Orsowethought.  Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusethemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith“funny”ifweneedalaugh,ortothe“disabled”boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou. 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIhavethreedaysoffnextweek,Mr.Smith?—_____.Icanmanagewithoutyou.选择一项:B.Ofcourse题目2—I’mgoingtoBeijingforafewdays.—_______.IwishIcouldgowithyou.选择一项:C.Ireallyenvyyou题目3Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目4All_____glitters(闪闪发光)isnotgold.选择一项:A.that题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。JackWelchLeadingOrganizationalChangeatGE  WhenJackWelch,theChairmanandCEOatGeneralElectric(GE)retiredin2001,hecouldlookbackataverysuccessfulcareer.HebecameCEOin1981attheageof45.Atthattime,GEhadaverycomplexorganizationalstructurewithconsiderablybureaucraticrules.  Oneofhisfirstchangeswastoinitiateastrategyformulationprocesswiththeguideline thateachofthebusinessesshouldbenumber1or2intheirrespectiveareas.Ifthiswasnotthecase,managershadtheoptionsoffixingtheproblem,sellingtheirparticularbusiness,orclosingit.Inanefforttostreamlinetheorganization,Welchremovedthesectorlevelandeliminatedthousandsofsalariedandhourlyemployeepositions.  TherestructuringwasfollowedbychangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.OnesuchprogramwastheWork-Out(群策群力).Groupsofmanagerswereassembledtosharetheirviewsopenlyinthree-daysessions.Atthebeginningofthemeetings,thesuperiorpresentedthechallengesforhisorherorganizationalunit.Thenthesuperiorhadtoleave,requestingthegroupstofindsolutionstotheproblems.Facilitators(会议主持人)helpedthesediscussions.Onthelastday,thesuperiorwaspresentedwithproposedsolutions.Heorshethenhadthreechoices:toaccepttheproposal,nottoacceptit,ortocollectmoreinformation.Thisprocessputgreatpressureonthesuperiortomakedecisions.  AnotherprogramtoimproveeffectivenessandefficiencywasBestPractices.Theaimwastolearnfromothercompanieshowtheyobtainedcustomersatisfaction,howtheyrelatedtotheirsuppliers,andinwhatwaystheydevelopednewproducts.ThishelpedtheGEpeopletofocusontheprocessesintheiroperationsthatwouldimprovethecompany’sperformance.  JackWelchwaspersonallyinvolvedindevelopingmanagersatGE’strainingcenterinCrotonville.Leaders,Welchsuggested,arenotonlythosewhoachieveresultsbutalsothosewhosharethevaluesofthecompany.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.JackWelchretiredattheageof65.T2.JackWelchinsistedthateachofthebusinessesshouldbeatleastnumber3intheirrespectivearea.F3.IfthebusinesscouldnotmeetWelch’schangerequirements,itsmanagerhad3choices.T4.TherestructuringwentbeforechangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.T5.TheWorkOutlastedaweek.F单元自测7第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Terriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourdictionary?—Yes,______________.选择一项:A.ofcourse题目2—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目3Allthe_____guestsareseatedinthefrontrow.选择一项:C.distinguished题目4______onthehilltop,youcouldenjoythesceneryofthecitybathedinthesun.选择一项:A.Standing题目5______theimportanceofEnglish,weshouldputmoreeffortintoitandtrytolearnitwell.选择一项:A.Given题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Twodifferentcorporateculturesarediscussedinthedialog.T2.Melinda’scompanyalsohasacreativeculture.F3.AccordingtoJack,theimportantthingistohiretherightemployeesinthefirstplace.T4.Inacreativecultureteamworkisnotencouraged.F5.Acreativecultureisbetterthanacollaborativeculture.F 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目2—TheAutoShowintheCityStadiumhasbeencanceled.—Oh,no!_________选择一项:A.Whatapity!题目3Thereason_____hewasabsentfromclassyesterdaywasthathewasillandhospitalized.选择一项:B.why题目4Compared______English,Chineseisgenerallybelievedtobemoredifficulttolearn.选择一项:A.with题目5Whatcanweexpect____him?选择一项:B.from题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  Whatismuseum?Amuseumisagoodplacetokeepoldandbeautifulthings.Amuseummaybeaplacetolearnaboutscience.AmuseumcanbeaplaceaboutartofIndiansoranimals.Whatisinsideamuseum?Somemuseumshaveoldcarsandairplanes.Manymuseumshavepicturesandstatues(雕像).Othershaverocksandoldbones.Onemuseumevenhasacoalmineinside!Many citieshavemuseums.Someverysmalltownshavemuseums,too.Indianapolishasachildren’smuseum.Childrendonothavetopaytogetin.Childrengotothemuseumoften.Theyliketolookatthedinosaurbones.Theyseeawhitebeartenfeettall.Theygoinsideanoldlogcabin(小木屋).OnSaturday,Indianapolischildrencanheartalksaboutanimalsandtrees.Theyseemovies.单元自测8第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyoudon’t.—____________________Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项:C.Icouldn’tagreemore.题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3please______yourhandifyouhaveanyquestionatall.选择一项:A.raise题目4We________withachievement.选择一项:B.areobsessed题目5Whenpeoplearesurroundedby______communicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.选择一项:B.constant题目6 二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowDoYouCreateaCultureofInnovation?  Haveyounoticedthecourageburiedinthewordencourage?Tocreateacultureinwhichinnovationflourishestakescourage.Determinedinnovatorsarealwayscourageousenoughtoestablishacultureinwhichinnovationisgreatlyencouragedandrewarded.Herearethreewaystodothat.  Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Thinkofinnovationstrategyasapyramid:bigbetsatthetop,afewprojectsindevelopmentinthemiddle,andabroadbaseofcontinuousimprovements,lastingcontributions,andearly-stagenewideasatthebottom.  Definejobsaroundinnovation.Makeitajobprerequisite.Consider3M’smovetobecomeoneofthefirstcompaniestotellprofessionalsthattheycouldspend15percentoftheirtimeonprojectsoftheirownchoosing.Nowmanyhigh-techcompaniesknowthattheycan’tgetthebesttalentwithoutprovidingthiskindofflexibility.Andsomeofthoseself-selected,self-organizedprojectsmightevenresultinablockbusterproductorlineofbusiness.For3M,itwasthePost-itnote.  Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Tobuildacultureofcreativityandinnovation,Gillettedevelopedaninnovationfairinwhicheveryunitcouldshowoffitsmostpromisingnewconcepts.Itshowsthateveryonehasaroletoplayinacultureofinnovation.  Togofromideatosuccessfulinnovationrequiresagreatdealofsupportandcollaboration.Whenpeoplearesurroundedbyconstantcommunicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatisnecessaryincreatinginnovationculture?B.courage2.Howdoes3Mcreateitsinnovationculture?B.definejobsaroundinnovation.3.Thewordprerequisitein“Makeitajobprerequisite”meansA.requiredasapriorcondition4.HowdoesGillettecreateitsinnovationculture?C.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany. 5.TheformationfromideatoinnovationneedsC.supportandcooperation第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—It’saboutasuccessfulbusinessman’smanagementexperience,isn’tit?选择一项:B.That’sright!题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3______wecan’tcompeteintermsofsizeIdobelieveweholdanadvantageintermsofdedicationtocustomerservice.选择一项:C.Although题目4Thekey______successfulimplementationisclearlycommunicatingthestrategytothewholecompany.选择一项:A.to题目5Weneed________communicationskills:listencarefully,thinkbeforeyouspeakandmanageconflictsdiplomatically.选择一项:A.outstanding题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。   ThiseveningImetafriendatalocalbar.Shebroughtherlaptopalongsoshecouldshowmesomeofherlatestdigitalartdesigns.Aswelookedthroughherartwork,thelaptopsuddenlystartedmakinganunhealthynoise,thenthescreentwinkledonandoffandthencutoffcompletely.Andaswebothstaredatoneanothersurprisingly,theterriblesmelloffriedcomputercircuitsappeared.  Igrabbedthelaptopoffthebartoinspectitandtheprobleminstantlyaroseitself.Thebottomofthelaptopwascompletelywetandempty,spiltwaterglassrestedagainstthesideofherpursejustbehindwherethelaptopwassitting.Whilewewerechattingandshiftingthelaptop’s17inchscreenbackandforth,wesomehowspiltaglassofwaterthatthewaiterhadinadvertently(无意地)placedbehindthescreen,whichwasoutofourview.  Whenlifethrowsidsometroubleslikethis,ittypicallydoesn’tmakeanysensetous,andournaturalemotionalreactionmightgetextremelyupsetatthetopofourlungs.Buthowdoesthishelpourdilemma?Obviously,itdoesn’t.  Thesmartestandhardestthingwecandointhesekindsofsituationsistobemoretemperedinourreaction.You’dbemuchwiserandmoredisciplinedthanscreamextremely.Youshouldrememberthatemotionalrageonlymakesmattersworse.Andpleaserememberthatonceithappens,thatwillgiveusanopportunitytogrowstronger.  Everydifficultmomentinourlivesisaccompaniedbyanopportunityforpersonalgrowthandcreativity.Butinordertoattainthisgrowthandcreativity.  Wemustfirstlearntocontrolouremotions.Wemustrecognizethatdifficultiespasslikeeverythinginourlife.
简介:2022年国家开放大学电大《基础会计》和《管理英语4》合集网络核心课形考网考作业及答案最新国家开放大学电大《基础会计》期末试题题库及答案(试卷号2003)考试说明:本人根据学员的需求汇总了历年来所有的期末试题及答案,形成了一个单项选择题、多项选择题、简答题的标准考试题库,对考生的复习和考试起着非常重要的作用,会给您节省大量的时间。做考题时,利用本文档中的查找工具(Ctrl+F),把考题中的关键字输到查找工具的查找内容框内,就可迅速查找到该题答案。本文库还有其他网核、机考及教学考一体化试题答案,敬请查看。一、单项选择题1.“决策有用观”是一种关于()的观点。A.会计目标2.()是会计的主要内容,是会计的基础。A.会计核算3.下列不属于会计要素的是()。D.成本4.下列经济业务中,会引起一项兔愤减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款5.在借贷记账法下,资产类账户的结构特点是()。A.借方记增加,贷方记减少,余额在借方6.“限额领料单”按其填制方法属于()。B.累计凭证7.当经济业务只涉及货币资金相互间的收付时,一般填制()。B.付款凭证8.登记日记账的方式是按照经济业务发生的时间先后顺序进行()。A.逐日逐笔登记9.明细账从账簿的外表形式上看一般采用()账簿。B.活页式10.在实地盘存制下,平时在账簿中对财产物资()。A.只记增加数,不记减少数11.“未达账项”是指单位与银行之间由于结算凭证传递的时间不同而造成的()。 C.一方已经人账,而另一方尚未登记人账的账项12.财产清查中发现某种材料盘亏时,在报经批准处理以前应作会计分录为()。B.借;待处理财产损溢贷:原材料13.下列不属于对外会计报表的是()。D.产品生产成本表14.个别会计报表与合并会计报表是会计报表按照()进行的分类。D.会计主体15.会计信息应当能够反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量,满足会计信息使用者的需要,这是会计核算的()。B.相关性原则16.下列不属于会计循环的业务是()。A.编制预算报告17.下列不属于会计核算基本前提的是()。C.权责发生制18.记账凭证核算形式的特点是直接根据各种记账凭证逐笔登记()。C.总分类账19.企业在进行会计核算时选择一种“不多计资产或收益,少计负债或费用”的会计处理方法,所遵循的是()。C.谨慎性原则20.“资产=负债+所有者权益”这一会计恒等式的右端,两个因素的位置()。A.不能颠倒21.下列经济业务中,会引起一项负债减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款22.下列会计科目中属于负债类科目的是()。B.预提费用23.()既反映了会计要素间的基本数量关系,同时也是复式记账法的理论依据。D.会计恒等式24.在借贷记账法下,负债类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少.余额在贷方25.按照账户的用途和结构分类,“固定资产”账户属于()。 A.盘存账户26.记账以后,如发现记账错误是由于记账凭证所列会计科目或记账方向有误引起的,应采用()进行错账更正。D.红字更正法27.下列属于静态报表的是()。C.资产负债表28.“应付账款”账户的期初余额为8000元,本期贷方发生额为12000元,期末余额为6000元,则该账户的本期借方发生额为()。B.14000元29.在借贷记账法下,所有者权益类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少,余额在贷方30.按照账户的经济内容分类,“原材料”账户属于()。A.流动资产账户31.其全部指标均依据有关账户余额填列的会计报表是()。A.资产负债表32.在进行会计核算时,应将企业财产与其他单位及投资者财产区别开来,是会计核算基本前提中关于()的要求。A.会计主体33.资产负债表的资产项目,说明了企业所拥有的各种经济资源以及企业()。A.偿还债务的能力34.清查银行存款所采用的方法一般是()。D.对账单法35.下列单据中属于外来原始凭证的有()。D.购货发票36.复式记账法是对每一笔经济业务,都以相等的金额在()中进行登记。D.两个或两个以上的账户37.所有者权益类账户的期末余额是根据()计算。C.贷方期末余额=贷方期初余额十贷方本期发生额一借方本期发生额38.下列引起资产内部此增彼减的交易、事项是()。B.收回赊销款存入银行64.按经济内容分类,“制造费用”账户属于()账户。‘ A.成本类39.将现金存入银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证40.企业用现金支付某职工报销的市内交通费78元,会计人员编制的付款凭证为借记管理费用87元,贷记现金87元,并登记入账。对当年发生的该项记账错误应采用的更正方法是()。B.红字更正法41.计提资产减值准备,体现了会计信息质量要求中的()。C.谨慎性42.资产负债表结构设置的依据是()。C.资产=负债十所有者权益43.利润表中的“净利润”是根据企业的()扣除所得税费用后的净额。C.利润总额44.我国企业会计准则的制定机构是()。C.财政部45.根据现有的发现,我国会计一职最早出现在()。A.西周时期46.会计的反映职能不包括()。B.主观性47.利润是企业在一定期间的()。C.经营成果48.正确的会计等式是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益49.下列账户中与负债账户结构相同的是()账户。D.所有者权益50.简单会计分录的特征是()。C.一借一贷51.下列账户中,期末需直接结转到“本年利润”账户的是()。A.管理费用52.下列人员工资中,通过“管理费用”科目核算的是()。C.企业管理人员工资53.下列明细账中,可以采用数量金额式账页的是()。 A.库存商品明细分类账54.下列报表中,其结构有账户式和报告式的是()。B.资产负债表55.下列各项中属于所有者权益的是(.)。D.未分配利润56.复式记账法的基本理论依据是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益57.某企业购进材料一批,买价15000元,运输费600元,入库前整理挑选费400元。该批材料的采购成本是()。C.16000元58.下列属于制造企业其他业务收入的是()。D.出售材料收入59.会计凭证分为原始凭证和记账凭证,其分类标准是()。C.按其填制的程序和用途不同60.下列账簿中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账61.下列各项中,属于会计法律的是()。C.《中华人民共和国会计法》62.财产所有权与管理权相分离情况下,会计的根本目标是()。A.完成受托责任92.会计对象的具体化,可称为()。B.会计要素63.在借贷记账法中,账户的哪一方记录增加数,哪一方记录减少数是由()决定的。B.账户性质64.以下各账户中属于费用账户的是()。B.财务费用65.限额领料单属于()。B.累计凭证66.下列各项中应建立备查簿登记的是()。B.经营性租人固定资产67.某企业本月收到A公司偿还上月所欠货款5 000元存入银行,下列账务处理中的哪一种符合权责发生制要求()。B.借:银行存款5000贷:应收账款500068.财务报表编制的依据是()。D.账簿69.我国企业会计准则分为三个层次,它们是()。A.基本准则、具体准则和应用指南70.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的是()。A.资产类账户借方登记增加额71.采购员报销950元差旅费,出纳员又补付其现金150元并结清其暂借款,这项业务应编制()。D.付款凭证和转账凭证72.我国最新的企业会计准则实施于()。A.2007年73.下列各项中属于流动资产的有()。A.应收账款74.账户是根据()在账簿中开设的记账单元。C.会计科目75.账户中各项金额的关系可以用()表示。A.期末余额一期初余额十本期增加发生额一本期减少发生额76.下列项目中属于营业外收入的是()。C固定资产出售净收益77.将现金存人银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证125.下列账户中与负债类账户结构相同的是()。B.所有者权益类账户78.目前,我国会计核算中收付实现制的应用范围是()。D.行政单位和事业单位中除经营业务以外的业务79.会计对经济活动进行综合反映,主要是利用()。A.货币量度80.会计科目是对()的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。C.会计要素 81.企业结转已销售产品的成本时,应()。B.贷记“库存商品”账户82.收款凭证左上角“借方科目”后应填写()科目。B.银行存款或库存现金83.会计的基本职能是()。A.反映和控制84.下列不应当直接计入当期损益的是()。D.制造费用85.能够提供企业某一类经济业务增减变化较为详细会计信息的账簿是()。A.明细分类账86.采用收付实现制,由于没有将各个会计期间所实现的收入和为实现收入所应负担的费用进行配比,因而也就不能正确计算各期的()。D.经营成果87.目前,我国会计核算中权责发生制的应用范围是()。D.企业会计和事业单位中的经营业务88.下列账薄中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账89.在一些规模小、会计业务简单的单位,应()。B.在其他有关机构中设置会计人员90.在实际成本法下,用来归集记人材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。C.“在途物资”91.张华是公司的总经理,其出差报销差旅费10000元,应记入()账户。D.管理费用92.已知某企业营业收入300万元,营业成本200万,管理费用20万元,财务费用10万元,销售费用5万元,营业外收入8万元。填人利润表中的营业利润是()。B.65万元93.“应收账款”账户所属明细账户期末如果出现贷方余额,应填人资产负债表的项目是()。B.预收账款94.某企业某年10月份“原材料”账户期末余额为100000元,“库存商品”账户期末余额为120000元,“生产成本”账户期末余额为30000元,“固定资产”账户期末余额为200000元。资产负债表中的存货项目应填入()。 B.250000元95.资产负债表是反映企业()财务状况的报表。D.某一特定日期96.支付职工差旅费发生的现金流出属于()。C.经营活动的现金流出97.按照现行规定,我国上市公司年报应于年度终了后()内对外报告。C.4个月98.在供应过程中,在实际成本法下,用来归集记录材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。A.“在途物资”99.“利润分配”账户在年终结算后出现借方余额,表示()。A.未弥补的亏损额100.我国现行《会计法》是从()开始实施的。C.1985年5月1日二、多项选择题1.所有者权益的构成项目有()。A.实收资本B.资本公积C.盈余公积D.未分配利润E.应收账款2.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。B.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料6500C.借:生产成本8000D.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款50003.各种原始凭证必须具备的基本内容有()。A.凭证的名称B.经济业务事项名称、数量、单价和金额C.填制凭证单位名称或者填制人姓名E.填制凭证的日期4.登账时遇到下列情况应用红色墨水书写()。 A.在不设减少金额栏的多栏式账页中,登记减少数C.在三栏式账户的余额栏前,如未印明余额方向的,在余额栏内登记负数金额5.会计报表应当包括()。A.现金流量表B.相关附表C.资产负债表D.利润表6.下列各项中属于收益性支出的是()。A.购进商品B.购进原材料D.购进办公用品E.支付短期借款利息7.下列资产负债表项目中,需根据账户余额减去其备抵项目后的净额填列的有()B.短期投资D.存货E.应收账款9.总分类账和明细分类账平行登记的要点有()。A.登记的依据相同C.登记的方向一致E.登记的金额相同11.下列会计等式正确的有()。A.资产=权益B.资产=负债十所有者权益十净收益C.资产=负债+所有者权益E.资产=负债+所有者权益+(收入-费用)12.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。A.借:生产成本8000B.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款5000E.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料650013.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于跨期摊提账户的有()。B.预提费用E.待摊费用14.会汁凭证包括()。A.原始凭证B.记账凭证15.企业从银行提取现金5000元备用,此项业务应在()中登记。 A.现金日记账B.银行存款日记账C.总分类账16.会计账簿按其外表形式不同可分为()。C.订本式账簿D.活页式账簿E.卡片式账簿17.记账凭证的基本内容包括()。A.凭证的名称和编号B.经济业务事项摘要C.会计科目的名称、方向和金额D.凭证填制的日期和有关人员的签章E.所附原始凭证张数18.在借贷记账法下,账户贷方登记的内容有()B.资产的减少C.负债及所有者权益的增加19.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于调整账户的有(C.累计折旧D.坏账准备E.利润分配20.收入的取得可能会影响下列哪些会计要素()。A.资产B.负债D.所有者权益E.利润21.下列各项中,属于期间费用的有()。C.管理费用D.销售费用E.财务费用22.下列经济业务中,会引起会计等式左右两方同时发生增减变化的有(A.投资者投入货币资本B.以存款归还借款E.购进材料款未付23.下列各项中属于会计核算基本前提的有()。A.会计主体B.持续经营C.货币计量D.会计分期24.对账包括()。C.账簿与凭证核对D.账簿与账簿核对E.账簿与实物核对25.下列各项中属于会计核算方法的有()。A.复式记账B.填制和审核会计凭证D.设置会计科目和账户26.未达账项有以下几种情况()。A.本单位已记存款增加,银行尚未记账B.本单位巳记存款减少,银行尚未记账 C.银行已记存款增加,本单位尚未记账D.银行已记存款减少,本单位尚未记账27·财产清查中应采用实地盘点法进行清查的资产主要有()A.固定资产B.产成品D.库存现金28.会计方法应包括()。A.会计核算方法B.会计分析方法C.会计预测方法D.会计决策方法E.会计考评方法29.下列项目中,应计人“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C.提供劳务的收入30.账户的结构一般应包括()等内容。()A.账户名称B.日期和摘要C.凭证编号D.增加和减少的金额E.余额31.以下各项应在“营业税金及附加”账户核算的有()。B.消费税C.营业税D.教育费附加E.城市维护建设税32.资产负债表中货币资金项目编制的依据有()。A.库存现金B.银行存款C.其他货币资金33.资产的确认条件有()。A.与该资源有关的经济利益很可能流入企业C该资源的成本或者价值能够可靠地计量34.下列项目中,属于会计科目的有()。A.固定资产C.原材料E.累计折旧35.关于“本年利润”账户,下列说法正确的是()。A.借方登记期末转入的各项费用B.贷方登记期末转入的各项收入c.贷方余额为本年实现的利润额D.借方余额为本年发生的亏损额E.年终结算后无余额36.财务报表按其编报时间不同,可分为()。 C年度报表D.中期报表37.每一笔会计分录都包括()。A.账户名称B.记账方向C.金额38.借贷记账法下的试算平衡公式有()。C.全部账户借方发生额合计一全部账户贷方发生额合计D.全部账户借方余额合计一全部账户贷方余额合计39.企业实现的净利润应进行下列分配()。C.提取法定盈余公积金D.提取任意盈余公积金E.向投资人分配利润40.利润表中的“营业收入”应根据()之和来填列。A.主营业务收入B.其他业务收入41.下列属于会计法规体系的有()。A.会计法B.会计行政法规C.企业会计准则D.统一会计制度42.会计计量的属性有()。A.历史成本B.重置成本C.可变现净值D.现值E.公允价值43.下列项目中,应计入“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C提供劳务的收入44.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.资产的增加B.负债的减少C.收入的转销D.费用成本的增加45.会计核算方法包括()。A.填制和审核凭证B.登记账簿C.成本计算D.编制财务报表E.财产清查46.费用的发生可能会引起()。A.负债的增加B.资产的减少 C.所有者权益的减少47.下列可以用来作为分配材料采购费用标准的有(B.材料的体积C.材料的买价D.材料的重量48.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的有(A.资产类账户借方登记增加额B.资产类账户贷方登记减少额C.负债类账户借方登记减少额E.收入类账户贷方登记增加额49.下列费用中,属于期间费用的是()。B.销售费用C.管理费用D.财务费用50.投资者投入的资本,依据投资者的身份不同可以是(A.国家资本金B.个人资本金C.法人资本金E.外商资本金51.确定存货账面结存数量的方法有()。A.永续盘存制B.实地盘存制E.技术推算法52.下列不等式中,在不同情况下成立的有()答案:ABCD53.下列账户中,在期末结账后有余额的是()。A.生产成本B.在途物资54.企业分配工资费用时,应贷记“应付职工薪酬”科目,借记以下有关科目()。A.生产成本B.制造费用C.管理费用D.销售费用 55.权责发生制要求()。A.凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表B.凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用56.企业会计人员的主要职责有()。A.进行会计核算B.实行会计监督C.拟定本单位办理会计事务的具体办法D.参与拟定经济计划、业务计划,考核、分析预算、财务计划的执行情况57.会计核算是指会计工作收集、加工,储存和揭示会计信息的过程,这个过程由以下几个环节构成()。A.记录B.报告C.确认D.计量58.企业的留存收益包括()。A.未分配利润B.盈余公积59.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.收入的转销B.费用筏本的增加C.资产的增加D.负债的减少160.资产负债表的左方包括()等项目。A.存货B.商誉C.货币资金三、简答题1.试简要说明会计的特点。答:会计的特点是指会计和其他经济核算的不同点。由于会计核算是会计的基本环节,会计的特点主要体现在会计核算方面,它有三个基本特点;(1)以货币为主要计量尺度,具有综合性;(2)会计核算具有完整性、连续性和系统性;(3)会计核算要以凭证为依据,并严格遵守会计规范。2.实地盘存制的概念、优缺点及其适用范围是什么?答:(1) 概念。实地盘存制又称“定期盘存制”,是指平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数的一种存货核算方法。(2)优缺点。实地盘存制的优点是可以简化日常核算工作。主要缺点有两点:一是不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货的增加、减少和结余情况;二是倒挤出的销售成本不一定符合实际情况,可能包括一部分损失或差错,因而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。(3)适用范围。实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。3.会计循环的基本内容是什么?答:会计循环一般由下列步骤构成:第一,根据经济业务的实际发生和完成的真实情况编制必要的会计分录。第二,根据每笔会计分录所确定的应借、应贷金额,分别过人各有关总分类账户和明细分类账户之中。第三,根据会计等式的平衡关系来检查、验证会计分录和过账工作有无错误。第四,根据权责发生制和配比原则的要求,按照收入、费用的归属期,对账簿记录进行必要的调整。第五,根据分类账各账户提供的会计数据和会计主体财产清查的结果,在每一个会计期末进行对账。第六,根据一定时期内全部入账的经济业务的内容,将各种账簿记录结计清楚,即结出本期发生额和期末余额。第七,根据分类账户中有关账户的发生额和各账户的期末余额,编制损益表、资产负债表、现金流量表等会计报表及其财务状况说明书。4.简要说明总分类账与明细分类账的关系及其平行登记的要点。答:(1)总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系,又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的内在联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。(2)总分类账和明细分类账的平行登记包括以下几个要点:①登记的依据相同;②登记的方向一致;③登记的金额相等。5.试简要说明复式记账法的概念及其优点。答:复式记账法就是对于每一笔经济业务所引起的会计要素及其项目的增减变动,都以相等的金额,在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行登记的记账方法。复式记账法的优点有两个:一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。 6.试简要说明原始凭证与记账凭证的相同与不同之处。答:相同点:两者都是会计凭证。不同点:①作用不同。原始凭证是填制记账凭证的依据;汇账凭证是登记账簿的依据。②内容不同。原始凭证说明经济业务的发生或完成情况,是会计核算的原始资料;记账凭证主要确定会计分录。③填制人员不同。原始凭证—·般由业务经办人员填制,记账凭证山会计人员填制。7.什么是会计的职能?会计的基本职能有哪些?各自有什么特点?答:会计的职能是指会计所具有的功能。(1分)其基本职能是反映和控制。(1分)(1)会计反映职能具有以下特点:①会计提供的信息主要是通过货币形式来反映的(1分)②会计提供的信息具有客观性和可验证性(1分)③会计的反映具有连续性和综合性(1分)(2)会计的控制职能具有以下特点:①会计控制具有强制性和严肃性(1分)②会计控制具有适时性、连续性和全面性(1分)8.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?其适用范围是什么?答:永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。(3分)在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。(1分)实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数-然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计入账簿。(3分)实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。(1分)9.什么是会计科目?什么是账户?二者有什么联系与区别?答:会计科目就是对会计要素的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。账户是根据会计科目在账簿中开设的记账单元。二者的相同点是它们所反映的会计对象的具体内容是相同的。二者的区别是:(1)会计科目仅仅是指账户的名称,而账户除了有名称(会计科目)外,它还具有一定的格式、结构,具体表现为若干账页,是用来记录经济业务的载体;(2分) (2)会计科目是会计核算前,事先确定的对经济业务分类核算的项目,账户是经济业务发生之后,进行分类、连续登记的一种手段。(2分)10.什么是财务报表?其基本内容有哪些?答:财务报表是对企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的结构性表述。(2分)财务报表的主要内容由表头、表身和表外说明三部分组成。(2分)表头内容包括报表名称、报表编制单位名称、时间(或会计期间)、报表编号和计量单位五部分。(2分)表身是报表最重要的部分,它由一系列相互联系的经济指标组成。(1分)表外说明是对表身未反映的事项进行补充或对表身未能详细反映的内容作必要的解释。(1分)11.什么是会计凭证?其有何作用?有哪些种类?答:会计凭证是记录经济业务、明确经济责任的书面证明,也是登记账簿的依据。正确地填制、合法地取得和严格地审核会计凭证,是会计循环的初始环节,也是会计核算的基本方法,对于完成会计工作具有十分重要的意义,其主要作用体现在以下三个方面:(1)及时、正确地反映经济业务完成情况;(2)明确经济责任,强化单位内部控制;(3)加强经济监督,控制经济运行。会计凭证是多种多样的,按照填制程序和用途不同,可以分为原始凭证和记账凭证。12.什么是权责发生制和收付实现制?两者的区别何在?其各自的适用范围是什么?答:权责发生制又称为应收应付制或应计制,是指以是否取得收到现金的权利或发生支付现金的责任即权责的发生为标志来确认本期收入和费用以及债权和债务。权责发生制基础要求,凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计入利润表;凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用。收付实现制又称为现收现付制或现金制,是与权责发生制相对应的一种会计基础,它是以实际收到或支付现金的时间来确认会计期间的收入、费用。收付实现制基础要求,凡是当期收到和支付的现金,都作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表;凡是当期没有实际收到和付出现金,都不记录本期收入和费用。权责发生制与收付实现制的区别在于对收入、费用人账时间的确认不一样。13.什么是复式记账法?复式记账法有什么优缺点?答:复式记账法是对发生每一笔经济业务所引起会计要素的增减变动,以相等的金额同时在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行记录的一种方法。(3分)复式记账法的优点有两个: 一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。(2分)二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。(2分)14.为什么企业要进行期末账项调整?其包括哪几种类型?答:按照权责发生制基础的要求,不论款项是否支付,凡是本会计期间已经实现的收入和应该负担的费用都要计入本期的收入和费用,凡是不属于本期收入和本期应该负担的费用,即使相关款项已经收付,也不能计入本会计期间的收入和费用。因此,每个会计期末都要对已经人账和没有人账的相关收入、费用进行必要的调整,以便正确计算本期损益。(4分)账项调整的内容有五种类型:应计收入的调整;预收收入的调整;应计费用的调整;预付费用的调整;其他账项的调整。(4分)15.总分类账与明细分类账的联系与区别是什么?答:总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系、又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务的内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。总分类账提供的经济指标,是明细分类账资料的综合,对所属明细分类账起着统驭和控制作用;明细分类账是对有关总账的补充,起着辅助和补充说明作用。16.财务报表的信息质量要求有哪些?答:我国财政部颁布的《企业会计准则——基本准则》对财务报表所反映的会计信息质量提出了八项要求:(1)客观性要求。是指会计核算应当以实际发生的经济业务为依据,如实反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量。(2)相关性要求。是指企业提供约会计信息应当与财务会计报告使用者的经济决策需要相关,有助于财务会计报告使用者对企业过去。现在或者未来的情况作出评价或者预测。(3)明晰性要求。明晰性要求实质上是要实现财务报表的可理解性,即企业编制的财务会计报告要清晰明了,便于理解和利用。(4)可比性要求。是指企业的会计核算按照规定的会计处理方法进行,会计指标应当口径一致,相互可比。可比性要求包括纵向可比和横向可比两方面要求。(5)实质重于形式要求。是指企业应当按照交易或者事项的经济实质进行会计确认、计量和报告,不应仅以交易或者事项的法律形式为依据。(6)重要性要求。是指企业在会计核算过程中对交易或事项应当区别其重要程度,采用不 同的报告方式。具体来说,对于那些对企业的经济活动或会计信息的使用者相对重要的会计事项,应单独报告,分项反映,力求准确,并在会计报告中重点说明;而对于那些次要的会计事项,在不影响会计信息真实可靠的情况下,则可适当简化会计核算和报告手续,合并反映。(7)谨慎性要求。是指会计人员在对某些经济业务或会计事项存在不同的会计处理方法和程序可供选择时,在不影响合理选择的前提下,以尽可能选择不虚增利润和夸大所有者权益的会计处理方法和程序进行会计处理,要求合理核算和报告可能发生的损失和费用。(8)及时性要求。是指企业的会计核算应当及时进行,不得提前或延后,以保证会计信息的及时利用。17.什么是记账凭证?如何审核记账凭证?答:记账凭证是会计人员根据审核无误的原始凭证及有关资料,按照经济业务的内容加以归类、并确定会计分录而填制的、直接作为登记账簿依据的凭证。(2分)记账凭证审核的内容包括有:(1)内容是否真实记账凭证是否附有原始凭证,记账凭证的经济内容是否与所附原始凭证的内容相同、金额是否相等。(2分)(2)会计科目和金额是否正确审核记账凭证应借、应贷的会计科目(包括一级科目、明细科目)对应关系是否清晰、金额是否正确。(2分)(3)项目是否齐全记账凭证中的项目是否填制完整,日期、凭证编号、附件张数有关人员的签章是否齐全;摘要是否清楚。(2分)18.我国会计法律规范分为哪几个层次?各包含哪些主要内容?答:我国的会计法律规范包括会计法、会计行政法规、会计准则(制度)三个层次。(1分)(1)会计法是调整整个国民经济活动中会计关系的法律规范的总称。是一切会计法规的母法,在会计法体系中处于最核心的地位和最高的层次,是制定其他会计法规的依据和指导一切会计工作的准绳,具有普遍适用性和指导性的特点。(2分)(2)会计行政管理法规,包括会计行政法规、地方性会计法规和会计规章。(2分)(3)会计制度按会计主体不同分为企业会计制度和非企业会计制度两大类,前者规范企业的会计核算工作,后者规范非企业单位的会计核算工作。另外,会计准则是依据《会计法》制定的关于会计核算的规范。(2分)19.什么是平行登记?其要点是什么?答:所谓平行登记,就是对发生的每一项经济业务,一方面要在有关的总分类账户中进行总括登记,另一方面还要在其所属的有关明细账户中进行明细登记。 平行登记的要点有:(1)总分类账与明细分类账登记的依据相同;(2)总分类账与明细分类账登记的方向一致;(3)总分类账与明细分类账登记的金额相等。20.财务报表的种类有哪些?答:不同性质的会计主体,由于会计核算的具体内容和经济管理的要求不同,其财务报表的种类也不尽相向。对企业而言,可按照以下不同的标准将财务报表划分成不同的类别:(1)按经济内容分类。按财务报表反映内容的不同,可分为静态报表和动态报表。静态报表是指综合反映企业某一特定时点资产、负债和所有者权益情况的报表,如资产负债表;动态报表是指综合反映企业一定时期的经营情况、现金流动情况以及所有者权益变动情况的报表,如利润表、现金流量表和所有者权益变动表。(2)按编报时间分类。按财务报表编报时间的不同,可分为中报和年报。中报,即中期报表,是在年度中间的某一时期对外提供的财务报表。中期报表涵盖的时间短于一个会计年度,包括月报、季报和半年报。年报,即年度报表,是在年末编制的,按年度反映企业年末财务状况和年度内经营成果、现金流量的财务报表。一般而言,月报要求简明扼要,及时反映;年报要求揭示完整,反映全面;而季报和半年报在会计信息的详细程度方面,则介于两者之间。(3)按编制主体分类。按财务报表编制主体,可分为个别财务报表和合并财务报表,这种划分是在企业对外单位进行投资情况下,基于特殊财务关系而形成的。个别财务报表是指投资企业或接受投资企业编制的,只反映投资企业或接受投资企业本身的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表;合并财务报表是指投资企业在对外投资占被投资企业的资本总额半数以上(或者实质上拥有被投资企业控制权)的情况下,根据本企业和被投资企业的个别财务报表编制的,反映投资企业与被投资企业整体的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表。21.什么是内部会计控制制度?其基本内容有哪些?答:内部会计控制制度,是指各单位根据国家会计法律、法规、规章、制度的规定,结合本单位经营管理和业务管理的特点和要求而制定的旨在规范单位内部会计管理活动的制度和办法。(4分)内部会计控制制度的基本内容具体包括内部会计控制体系,会计人员岗位责任制度,账务处理程序制度,内部牵制制度,计量验收制度,财产清查制度,财务收支审批制度,成本核算制度和财务会计分析制度。(4分)22.什么是会计账簿?其有何作用?有哪些种类? 答:会计账簿是按照会计科目开设的,由一定格式的账页组成,以记账凭证为依据,全面地、连续地、系统地、综合地记录企事业单位经济业务的簿籍。设置和登记账簿是会计工作的重要环节,也是会计信息处理的一个重要的专门方法。各单位通过设置和登记账簿,可以把分散在会计凭证上的大量核算资料,加以集中和归类整理,为编制财务报表提供重要依据。会计账簿在会计核算中的主要作用有:①通过登记会计账簿,可以把会计凭证所提供的资料归类汇总,形成集中的、系统的、全面的会计核算资料;②会计账簿是反映、监督经济活动,考核各部门经济责任的重要手段;③会计账簿为编制财务报表提供主要的数据资料。会计账簿形式多种多样,不同的会计账簿所登记的内容及登记的方法各不相同。我们可以按不同标准对会计账簿进行分类:①按其用途的不同可以分为序时账簿、分类账簿和备查账簿三种;②按其形式的不同可分为订本式账簿、活页式账簿和卡片式账簿;③按账页格式的不同可以分为三栏式账簿、多栏式账簿和数量金额式账簿等。23.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?各有什么优缺点?各自适用于哪些存货?答:实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计人账簿。采用实地盘存制,虽然平时能简化记账工作,但核算手续不严密,不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货减少和结余情况,工作中如出现差错、毁损、被盗丢失等情况,均计入本期发出数,从而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。因此,实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。采用这种方法,虽然能在账簿中及时反映各项存货的增减变动及结存情况,但也有可能发生账实不符的情况。因此,也需要对各项存货进行实地盘点,以查明账实是否相符,以及账实不符的原因。采用永续盘存制,虽然加大了日常核算工作量,但手续严密,通过明细账簿可以随时了解存货的收入、发出和结存情况,有利于加强存货管理。因此,在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。最新国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明:2022年春期电大把《管理英语4》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核,它共有八个单元自测 。针对该门课程,给出了每个单元自测的二套标准题库,在考试中可多次抽取试题,直至与其中的一套答案相近即可。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案,敬请查看。单元自测1第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Thisprojectistoobigformetofinishontime.选择一项:C.I’llgiveyouahand题目2—Ithinkthingshavebeenabitdifficultforusthelastcoupleofmonths.—__________.We’vebeenworkinghard,butstillgettingbehind.选择一项:A.You’reright题目3AT&Tfoundthatemployeeswithbetterplanninganddecision-makingskillswere______tobepromotedintomanagementjobs.选择一项:A.morelikely题目4TheHumanResourceManagingDepartmentatHondaisgivenspecificinstructions______employthebestpossibleworkers.选择一项:C.onhowto题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。WhoKilledNokia?  Nokiaexecutivesattemptedtoexplainitsfallfromthetopofthesmartphonepyramidwith threefactors:1)thatNokiawastechnicallyinferiortoApple,2)thatthecompanywascomplacentand3)thatitsleadersdidn’tseethedisruptiveiPhonecoming.  Ithasalsobeenarguedthatitwasnoneoftheabove.Nokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseofdivergentsharedfearsamongthecompany’smiddleandtopmanagerswhichledtocompany-wideinertiathatleftitpowerlesstorespondtoApple’sgame.  Basedonthefindingsofanin-depthinvestigationand76interviewswithtopandmiddlemanagers,engineersandexternalexperts,theresearchersdiscoveredacultureoffearduetotemperamentalleadersandthatfrightenedmiddlemanagerswerescaredoftellingthetruth.  Thefearthatfrozethecompanycamefromtwoplaces.First,thecompany’stopmanagershadaterrifyingreputation.SomemembersofNokia’sboardandtopmanagementweredescribedas“extremelytemperamental”andtheyregularlyshoutedatpeople“atthetopoftheirlungs”.Itwasverydifficulttotellthemthingstheydidn’twanttohear.Secondly,topmanagerswereafraidoftheexternalenvironmentandnotmeetingtheirquarterlytargets,whichalsoimpactedhowtheytreatedmiddlemanagers.  Topmanagersthusmademiddlemanagersafraidofdisappointingthem.Middlemanagersweretoldthattheywerenotambitiousenoughtomeettopmanagers’goals.  Fearingthereactionsoftopmanagers,middlemanagersremainedsilentorprovidedoptimistic,filteredinformation.Thus,middlemanagersdirectlyliedtotopmanagement.  Worse,acultureofstatusinsideNokiamadeeveryonewanttoholdontovestedpowerforfearofresourcesbeingallocatedelsewhereiftheydeliveredbadnewsorshowedthattheywerenotboldorambitiousenoughtoundertakechallengingassignments.  Beyondverbalpressure,topmanagersalsoappliedpressureforfasterperformanceinpersonnelselection.Thisledmiddlemanagerstooverpromiseandunderdeliver.Onemiddlemanagertoldusthat“youcangetresourcesbypromisingsomethingearlier,orpromisingalot.It’ssaleswork.”  Whilemodestfearmightbehealthyformotivation,abusingitcanbelikeoverusingadrug,whichrisksgeneratingharmfulsideeffects.Toreducethisrisk,leadersshouldcoordinatewiththevariedemotionsofthestaff.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhaveencouragedsafedialogue,internalcoordinationandfeedbacktounderstandthetrueemotionintheorganization.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.NokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseitstechnologyisnotasgoodasthatofApple. F2.Nokia’smiddlemanagerswerefranktotellthetruth,butthetoponesdidn’tlistentothem.F3.Nokia’stopmanagersweretoomoodytohearanythinggoodbutharsh.T4.MiddlemanagersinNokiadeliveredresultsmorethantheypromisedearlier.F5.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhavehadbetterconversationtechniquestoencourageinternalcoordinationandtruth.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)—Couldyougiveusaspeechonmanagementfunctionssomedaythisweek?选择一项:C.I’dloveto,butI’mbusythisweek题目2—Wecouldletsomeofthestaffworkfromhome.________________?—That’sagoodidea.选择一项:B.Whatdoyouthinkofit题目3______hisangertheemployeescalledhimMr.Thunder,buttheylovedhim.选择一项:A.Dueto题目4Itisthroughenthusiasmandquietintensity______wetransformcreativityandvisionintothetechnologies.选择一项:A.that题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate 题目6二、听力理解:听录音,选择最佳答案(共50分)。操作提示:通过下拉选项框,选择答案。1.WhatkindofroleisMelindatakingonforherjob?C.Projectcoordinator.2.HowlongwillMelindabetrainedforhernewrole?B.Halfamonth.3.HowoftenshouldMelindareporttotheboardontheprogressoftheproject?A.Onceamonth.4.WhatkindofcontractcanMelindasignwithoutsidecontractors?B.Standardtemporary-workercontract.5.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtoMelinda’sresponsibilities?A.Formulatetheindustrystandardofpayment.单元自测2第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—____________________identifytheproblemsthathavebeenoccurring?—Well,asyouknow,theproblemswehadwithGarycausedalotoffrictionamongtheteam.选择一项:C.Areyouableto题目2—Ifyoucan’tsaywhatyou’vecometosayatthemeeting,what’sthepoint?—____________________,butIthinkyoumightneedtochangeyourapproachsomewhat.选择一项:B.Icanseethat题目3WhenthemessagefinallyreachedtheCommandCenter,it__________“mutated”tobecome—“Sendthreeandfour-pence,we’regoingtoadance.”选择一项:B.had 题目4EverytimeItriedtosaysomething,hewould______tosomethingelse.选择一项:B.moveon题目5Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。HabitsofHighlyEffectiveCommunicators  It’snosecretthatgoodleadersarealsogoodcommunicators.Indeed,communicationandleadershipareinextricablytied.Howcanyougalvanize,inspireorguideothersifyoudon’tcommunicateinaclear,credibleandauthenticway?Hereare5essentialcommunicationpracticesofeffectiveleaders:  1.Mindthesay-dogap.Trustisthebedrockofeffectiveleadership–yourbehaviorisyoursinglegreatestmodeofcommunication,anditmustbecongruentwithwhatyousay.Ifyouractionsdon’talignwithyourwords,youarestoringuptroubleforthefuture.  2.Makethecomplexsimple.Effectiveleadersdistillcomplexthoughtsandstrategiesintosimple,memorabletermsthatcolleaguesandcustomerscangraspandactupon.Themostimportantthingistoclarifywhatyouwanttosay,lookoutfortechnicaljargonandavoidbusinessspeak,whichaddcomplexity.Saywhatyoumeaninasfewwordsaspossible.  3.Findyourownvoice.Uselanguagethat’sdistinctlyyourown;letyourvaluescomethroughinyourcommunication.Correctuseoflanguageandgrammarareimportant,ofcourse,butdon’tbecomeoverlyfixatedoneloquenceforeloquence’ssake;concentrateonbeingdistinctandreal.Peoplewantreal,peoplerespectreal,peoplefollowreal.  4.BevisibleVisibilityisaboutlettingyourkeystakeholdersgetafeelforwhoyouareandwhatyoucareabout.Don’thidebehindacomputerandonlyinteractwithpeopleelectronically–seethemfacetofaceandvoicetovoice,andinteractwiththeminareal,substantialway.Intoday’senvironment,wherepeopleareoftenburnedout,it’simportantforemployeestohave apersonalconnectionwithyouandtheworkyoubelievein.Showthepeoplethatworkforyouthatyou’reengagedandthatyoucareaboutthemandtheirwork.  5.Listenwithyoureyesaswellasyourears.Effectivecommunicationisatwo-wayprocess,andgoodleadersknowhowtoaskgoodquestions,andthenlistenwithboththeireyesandtheirears.Becauseyouareinapositionofauthority,othersmaybereluctanttoexpresstheirrealopinionstoyoudirectly.Youwon’talwaysgetdirectfeedback,soyouneedtoalsobeabletoreadbetweenthelinesandlookforthenon-verbalcues.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Communicationandleadershipdon’talwaysgohandinhand.F2.Thesay-dogaphappenswhenpeoplemisunderstandtheirleader’sintention.F3.Usingtechnicaljargonmakesaleaderconvincing.F4.Communicatingsincerelyisalwaysthebest.T5.Observationisasimportantascommunicationwhenyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplereallythink.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Howdidyourmeetinggoyesterday?—____________________actually,itwasreallyfrustrating.选择一项:A.Notsogood题目2—Howcanyouexplainthelatestsituation?—____________________,Iknowitisallmyfault.选择一项:A.Sorry题目3Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering 题目4Ithinktheprimary______factoristhere’sbeensomuchabsencelately.选择一项:A.contributing题目5He’sleftnow,butproductivityhasn’t______thatmuch.选择一项:C.pickedup题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。WhatWeHaveHere:AFailuretoCommunicate  Itistheweirdething.Therearemorewaysthanevertocommunicatewithpeople,yetitsometimesseemslikeitismoredifficulttoconnect—andstayconnected—withanyone.  Shouldyoushootoffanemail?Tapoutatext?PostaprivatemessageonFacebook?WriteontheirFacebookwall?Skype,poke,pingorconjurethemuponadigitaltincanphone?  Andonceyoureachsomeone,youwonder:Ishepayingattention?Howdoyouknow?Evenwiththetechno-easeofcountlesscommunicationdevices,conversationscanstillbetroublesome.Questionsareaskedandansweredoutoforder.Instructionsanddirectionsgohalf-read.Meetingsarebotched.Feelingsarehurt.单元自测3第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—WillyouhelpmearrangeameetingwithMr.Brown,please?选择一项:C.SorryIcan’t.Ihavetofinishmyprojectrightnow. 题目3IfItakethetimetotalkwithmymanageratthebeginningofaproject,we______offtoagreatstartonthesamepage.选择一项:A.canget题目4IbelievethatIhavealottocontribute______ateamenvironment,andamcomfortableinbothleadershipandplayerroles.选择一项:A.to题目5Theteamcreatesanenvironment______peoplearecomfortableincommunicating,advocatingpositions,andtakingaction.选择一项:C.inwhich题目6阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。TipsforTeamBuilding  Whenyouthinkofteambuilding,doyouimmediatelypictureyourgroupoffataresortplayinggamesorhangingfromropes?Traditionally,manyorganizationsapproachteambuildinginthiswaybut,then,theywonderwhythatwonderfulsenseofteamworkthathadbeendisplayedattheretreatortheseminarfailstoimpactlongtermbeliefsandactionsbackatwork.  I’mnotaversetoretreats,planningsessions,seminarsandteambuildingactivities—infactIleadthem—buttheyhavetoformpartofamuchlargerteamworkeffort.Youwillnotbuildteamworkby“retreating”asagroupforacoupleofdayseachyear,insteadyouneedtothinkofteambuildingassomethingyoudoeverysingleday.  •Formteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocesses.Providetraininginsystematicmethodssotheteamexpendsitsenergyontheproject,notontryingtoworkouthowtoworktogetherasateamtoapproachtheproblem.  •Holddepartmentmeetingstoreviewprojectsandprogress,toobtainbroadinput,andtocoordinatesharedworkprocesses.Ifthereisfrictionbetweenteammembers,examinethework processestheymutuallyown—theproblemisnotusuallytheirpersonalities;instead,itisoftenthefactthattheteammembershaven’tagreedonhowtheywilldeliveraproductorservice,orthestepsrequiredtogetsomethingdone.  •Buildfunandsharedoccasionsintotheorganization’sagenda—holdpotlucklunches,taketheteamtoasportingevent,sponsordinnersatalocalrestaurant,gohikingorgotoanamusementpark.Holdamonthlycompanymeeting,sponsorsportsteamsandencouragecheeringteamfans.  •Useicebreakersandteamworkexercisesatmeetings—thesehelpteammembersgettoknoweachother,sharedetailsabouteachotherslives,andhavealaughtogether.  •Celebrateteamsuccessespublicly.Therearemanywaysyoucoulddothis,forinstancebybuyingeveryonethesameT-shirtorhat,puttingteammembernamesinadrawforcompanymerchandiseandgiftcertificates.Theonlythinglimitingyouisyourimagination.  Ifyoudothetypesofteamworkbuildinglistedabove,you’llbeamazedattheprogressyouwillmakeincreatingateamworkculture,aculturethatenablesindividualstocontributemorethantheyeverthoughtpossible—together.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Teambuildingeventistraditionallyrelatedtoplayinggamesatresort.T2.Theauthorclaimsthatplayinggamestogetherisasimportantasformteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocessesforteambuilding.F3.“Retreat”inthefirstparagraphmeanswithdrawaloftroopsafteradefeat.F4.Icebreakingmotivatesteammemberscompetewitheachother.F5.Agoodteamworkcultureenablesindividualsmakemoreeffortstogether.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—CouldIborrowyouriPadforafewhours?选择一项: B.Sure,hereyouare.Enjoyyourtime.题目3Regularandconcretefeedbackisimportant______whoisnotperforminguptoherpotential.选择一项:B.whendealingwithaworker题目4Teammembersare______asuniquepeoplewithirreplaceableexperiences,pointsofview,andknowledgetocontribute.选择一项:B.viewed题目5Inhighschool,Iamequallycomfortable______asamemberofateamandindependently.选择一项:B.working题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。ATeamworkGame  Ateamofabout35employeeshadcometogetherforateambuildingevent.Theywereayoung,brightandenthusiasticteam.However,oneoftheirchiefproblemswasthefactthattheywouldn’tshareinformationorsolutionswitheachother,andtheteamleaderthoughttheyweretoofocusedonthemselvesandnotontheteam.Asaresult,shebroughtthemallintothecafeteria.Allofthetablesandchairshadbeenstoredaway,andfundecorationsandhundredsofdifferentcoloredballoonshadbeenplacedaroundtheroom.  Inthecenteroftheroomwasabigboxofballoonsthathadn’tbeenblownupyet.Theteamleaderinstructedeverybodytopickaballoon,blowitup,andwritetheirnameonit,buttheyhadtobecarefulnottobursttheballoon.  Althoughtheyweregivenasecondchanceiftheirfirstballoonpopped,theywereoutofthegamethesecondtimeround.Intheend,about30teammemberswrotetheirnameswithouttheirballoonspopping.Theywerethenaskedtoleavetheroomand,afterfiveminutes,theteamleaderbroughtthembackinandaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.After15minutesofsearching,noonehadfoundtheirballoon, andtheteamweretoldthattheywerethengoingtomoveontothethirdroundoftheactivity.  Inthisround,eachteammemberwasinstructedtofindanyballoonwithanameonitandthengivethatballoontothepersonwhosenamewasonit.Withintwominutes,everybodyhadtheirownballoon.Theteamleadersummarizedtheactivitythus:“Wearemuchmoreefficientwhenwearewillingtosharewitheachotherandmuchbetteratproblemsolvingwhenweareworkingtogether,notindividually.”  Sometimes,membersofteamscreateobstaclesbyfocusingsolelyontheirownpursuitsandgoals.Everymemberoftheteamshouldaskthemselvesonaregularbasiswhattheyaredoingandwhattheycandofortheteam.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.ThisteambuildingeventwasaimedatB.makingtheteammembersknowhowtoshareinformationorsolutionsandcooperatewitheachother2.ThiseventwasheldinA.aself-servicerestaurant3.Abouthowmanyteammemberswereoutofthesecondroundoftheactivity?C.5.4.Whichstatementbelowiscorrect?C.Inthethirdround,everybodyhadtheirownballoonwithhelpfromotherswithin2minutes.5.Whatwastheeventgoingtoteachtheseemployees?A.Sharingandcooperatingwithotherteammembersismoreefficientwhentheyareworkingtogether.单元自测4第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目2—DoyoumindifIusevoucherstospendinarestaurant? 选择一项:B.Notatall.Goahead.题目3Theleader______atcreatingopportunitiestoproviderewards,recognitionandthankstohisorherstaff.选择一项:C.excels题目4______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Humanresourcessupportedtheproposalofgivingthebusinessintelligenceapayincentiveeverythreemonthsatthebeginning.F2.BradfromhumanresourcessupportsScott’sidea.T3.CarlottaisthemanagerofHRD.F4.Menandwomeninthebusinessintelligenceteamwhohavebeenselectedtogettheprizewillreceivethesamerewardingthings.F5.Theprize-winnercannotchoosetheprizethatcostsmorethan$500.7.Theprize-winnercanonlyhavematerialawardsandnodayoff.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Wow!Thisisafantasticproject!I’veneverknownyou’resocreative.选择一项:C.Thanksforyourcompliments.题目2—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目3______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目4Companiesare______interestedinyoursoftskills______theyareinyourhardskills.选择一项:B.as…as…题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowGoogleContinuestoKeepEmployeesHappy  WorkingforGoogleisadreamofmany,notjustbecauseofwhatthiscompanyhasachievedinthelast15years,butbecauseofitsenviableworkculture.Withabout37,000employeesin40countries,youmightwonderhowGooglemaintainsamotivatingworkexperiencethroughoutitsentirecompany.  WorkingforGooglecomeswithperksthatmostotherorganizationscan’tprovide–bowlingalleys,freehaircuts,gymmemberships,andshuttlestoandfromwork.Thecompany’ssecrettosuccessisputtingthesameamountoftimeandeffortintokeepingemployeeshappyasitdoesintoinnovatingproducts.   Backwhenthecompanywasjustastart-up,co-foundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinhadthegoalofmakingGoogleaplacethemosttalentedpeoplewantedtoworkat.Theirideawassimple:creatingaworkculturethatkeepsemployeeshappywillmotivatethemtodotheirbestandwillkeepthemloyaltothecompany.  “It’slessabouttheaspirationtobeNo.1intheworld,andmorethatwewantouremployeesandfutureonestoloveithere,becausethat’swhat’sgoingtomakeussuccessful,”saidKarenMay,theVicePresidentofpeopledevelopmentatGoogle.  Googlealsomakesitsemployeeswanttoworkbecausemanagersprovidetasksthatareinspiringandchallenging.EveryemployeeatGooglehastheopportunitytospend20%ofhisorherworkingtimeonaprojecttheychoose.Thisfreedomtakesemployeesoutoftheirroutineandawayfromthemundanetasksthatoftenmakeworkersfeeluninspiredabouttheirjobs.  Lastly,Googleshowseachemployeejusthowimportantheorsheistothecompany.Eachemployee,regardlessofherspotonthetotempole,hasaninfluenceonhowGoogleperforms.  “Ifyouvaluepeople,andcareaboutthemaswholepeople,onethingyoudoisgivingthemavoice,andyoureallylisten,”Maysaid.  GoogledoesjustthatbyhostingemployeeforumseveryFriday,wheretheydiscussthe20most-askedquestions.Employeeshaveaccesstoallcompanyinformation,addingasenseoftrust,andemployeesandleadersworktogethertosolveproblems.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.HowwouldyoudescribeGoogle?B.Largeglobalenterprises2.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtothemethodsthatGooglemotivateitsemployees?A.PromotingtheemployeewhohasmoreinfluenceonGooglethehigherjobposition.3.WhofoundedGoogle?A.LarryPageandSergeyBrin4.IfyouareanormalemployeeofGoogle,whatcouldyoudoEXCEPT?B.Onlyworkfortheprojectyouchoose.5.WhatisGoogle’ssecrettosuccess?C.Valuingthehappinessofitsemployeesasmuchasinnovatinggoodproducts.单元自测5第一套 一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Whydidn’tyoucometomybirthdaypartyyesterday?选择一项:B.Sorry,butmywifehadacaraccident.题目3Myleathershoescostme________thelastpairsIbought.选择一项:C.threetimesasmuchas题目4Theworkmenwantto________thenumberofworkinghoursandtoincreasepay.选择一项:B.decrease题目5Lindawalkedatthehead,________byhercolleagues.选择一项:A.followed题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。PerformanceManagementandPerformanceAppraisal  Performancemanagementaimstoacknowledgeemployeeachievements,supporttheirpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment,andmotivateandempowerthemtoperformtheirworkeffectively.Performancemanagementhelpsemployeestodeveloptheirunderstanding,knowledgeandskillssothattheycancontributetotheachievementoftheenterprise’sgoalsandgainpersonalandjobsatisfaction.Itisavitalpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.  Everyenterprisewantsandshouldexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.Theelementsofacompetency-basedperformancemanagementsystemwill,ifimplementedwell,enablehigh performancewhichwilldefineenterpriseandpersonalsuccess.Usingperformancemanagementprocesses,anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallenges.Thisisdoneby:  ●identifyingthecriticalpositions  ●determiningthemostimportantcompetenciesforthosepositions  ●providingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees  ●holdingeachpersonaccountablefortheirresults  Thekeytotheperformancemanagementprocessis‘performanceappraisal’.Performanceappraisalissimplyanevaluationofhowwellanemployeeperformshisorherjobcomparedtoasetofpredeterminedstandards.Itisasystematicprocessoffeedbackonanemployee’sworkperformance,andagreementtofuturetrainingplans,jobgoalsandjobaspirations.  Tobeeffective,aperformanceappraisalneedstohaveasetofagreedcriteriathatwillbethebasisoffeedbackaswellasofsettingfuturegoals.Unitsofcompetencyprovideaveryeffectivetoolforsettingbenchmarksorcriteriaforworkperformance.Theperformancecriteriawithinunitsofcompetencycanbeusedasmeasurestoassessagainstinaperformanceappraisalorreview.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Performancemanagementisaveryimportantpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.T2.Theaimofperformancemanagementistopunishtheunqualifiedemployees.F3.Anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallengesbyprovidingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees,forexample.T4.Everyenterprisecanexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.F5.“Performancemanagement”isalsocalled“performanceappraisal”.F第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Over-the-top?Youmean…选择一项: A.Well,sometimesyourco-workersfeelthatyouaretooloud.题目3Theyhavecometotheconclusion________thiswinterwillbeevencolderthanbefore.选择一项:A.that题目4Pleaseaskthesolicitorwhathis________wouldbetotakethecasetocourt.选择一项:B.fee题目5Achild’scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhishome________.选择一项:B.environment题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowtoHandleaBadPerformanceReview  Gettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopeless.Butit’snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong,youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature,adultmanner.Herearesomesuggestions:  Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially,donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besides,thepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.  WhattoDoWhenReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  It’sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.  WhattoDoAfterReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  Don’tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.Itisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththe bedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.  WaystoImproveaBadPerformanceReview  Awaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Staycalmandlistencarefully.2.Whatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Learnfromthereview.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudonotagreewiththebadperformancereview?B.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.4.HowdoyouimproveabadperformancereviewA.Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.5.Whyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?B.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.单元自测6第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Whichofthesehatsdoyouwant?—_______.Eitherwilldo.选择一项:A.Idon’tmind题目2—Ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,nooneelsewill.—_____.Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项: C.Icouldn’tagreemore题目3Redundancyhappenswhenemployeesneedto_____theirworkforce.Andasaresult,someonegetsdismissedfromwork.选择一项:C.reduce题目4Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  OnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzed(瘫痪)fromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofdisabilitywithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe“haves”tothe“have-nots”.Orsowethought.  Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusethemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith“funny”ifweneedalaugh,ortothe“disabled”boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou. 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIhavethreedaysoffnextweek,Mr.Smith?—_____.Icanmanagewithoutyou.选择一项:B.Ofcourse题目2—I’mgoingtoBeijingforafewdays.—_______.IwishIcouldgowithyou.选择一项:C.Ireallyenvyyou题目3Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目4All_____glitters(闪闪发光)isnotgold.选择一项:A.that题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。JackWelchLeadingOrganizationalChangeatGE  WhenJackWelch,theChairmanandCEOatGeneralElectric(GE)retiredin2001,hecouldlookbackataverysuccessfulcareer.HebecameCEOin1981attheageof45.Atthattime,GEhadaverycomplexorganizationalstructurewithconsiderablybureaucraticrules.  Oneofhisfirstchangeswastoinitiateastrategyformulationprocesswiththeguideline thateachofthebusinessesshouldbenumber1or2intheirrespectiveareas.Ifthiswasnotthecase,managershadtheoptionsoffixingtheproblem,sellingtheirparticularbusiness,orclosingit.Inanefforttostreamlinetheorganization,Welchremovedthesectorlevelandeliminatedthousandsofsalariedandhourlyemployeepositions.  TherestructuringwasfollowedbychangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.OnesuchprogramwastheWork-Out(群策群力).Groupsofmanagerswereassembledtosharetheirviewsopenlyinthree-daysessions.Atthebeginningofthemeetings,thesuperiorpresentedthechallengesforhisorherorganizationalunit.Thenthesuperiorhadtoleave,requestingthegroupstofindsolutionstotheproblems.Facilitators(会议主持人)helpedthesediscussions.Onthelastday,thesuperiorwaspresentedwithproposedsolutions.Heorshethenhadthreechoices:toaccepttheproposal,nottoacceptit,ortocollectmoreinformation.Thisprocessputgreatpressureonthesuperiortomakedecisions.  AnotherprogramtoimproveeffectivenessandefficiencywasBestPractices.Theaimwastolearnfromothercompanieshowtheyobtainedcustomersatisfaction,howtheyrelatedtotheirsuppliers,andinwhatwaystheydevelopednewproducts.ThishelpedtheGEpeopletofocusontheprocessesintheiroperationsthatwouldimprovethecompany’sperformance.  JackWelchwaspersonallyinvolvedindevelopingmanagersatGE’strainingcenterinCrotonville.Leaders,Welchsuggested,arenotonlythosewhoachieveresultsbutalsothosewhosharethevaluesofthecompany.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.JackWelchretiredattheageof65.T2.JackWelchinsistedthateachofthebusinessesshouldbeatleastnumber3intheirrespectivearea.F3.IfthebusinesscouldnotmeetWelch’schangerequirements,itsmanagerhad3choices.T4.TherestructuringwentbeforechangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.T5.TheWorkOutlastedaweek.F单元自测7第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Terriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourdictionary?—Yes,______________.选择一项:A.ofcourse题目2—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目3Allthe_____guestsareseatedinthefrontrow.选择一项:C.distinguished题目4______onthehilltop,youcouldenjoythesceneryofthecitybathedinthesun.选择一项:A.Standing题目5______theimportanceofEnglish,weshouldputmoreeffortintoitandtrytolearnitwell.选择一项:A.Given题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Twodifferentcorporateculturesarediscussedinthedialog.T2.Melinda’scompanyalsohasacreativeculture.F3.AccordingtoJack,theimportantthingistohiretherightemployeesinthefirstplace.T4.Inacreativecultureteamworkisnotencouraged.F5.Acreativecultureisbetterthanacollaborativeculture.F 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目2—TheAutoShowintheCityStadiumhasbeencanceled.—Oh,no!_________选择一项:A.Whatapity!题目3Thereason_____hewasabsentfromclassyesterdaywasthathewasillandhospitalized.选择一项:B.why题目4Compared______English,Chineseisgenerallybelievedtobemoredifficulttolearn.选择一项:A.with题目5Whatcanweexpect____him?选择一项:B.from题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  Whatismuseum?Amuseumisagoodplacetokeepoldandbeautifulthings.Amuseummaybeaplacetolearnaboutscience.AmuseumcanbeaplaceaboutartofIndiansoranimals.Whatisinsideamuseum?Somemuseumshaveoldcarsandairplanes.Manymuseumshavepicturesandstatues(雕像).Othershaverocksandoldbones.Onemuseumevenhasacoalmineinside!Many citieshavemuseums.Someverysmalltownshavemuseums,too.Indianapolishasachildren’smuseum.Childrendonothavetopaytogetin.Childrengotothemuseumoften.Theyliketolookatthedinosaurbones.Theyseeawhitebeartenfeettall.Theygoinsideanoldlogcabin(小木屋).OnSaturday,Indianapolischildrencanheartalksaboutanimalsandtrees.Theyseemovies.单元自测8第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyoudon’t.—____________________Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项:C.Icouldn’tagreemore.题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3please______yourhandifyouhaveanyquestionatall.选择一项:A.raise题目4We________withachievement.选择一项:B.areobsessed题目5Whenpeoplearesurroundedby______communicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.选择一项:B.constant题目6 二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowDoYouCreateaCultureofInnovation?  Haveyounoticedthecourageburiedinthewordencourage?Tocreateacultureinwhichinnovationflourishestakescourage.Determinedinnovatorsarealwayscourageousenoughtoestablishacultureinwhichinnovationisgreatlyencouragedandrewarded.Herearethreewaystodothat.  Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Thinkofinnovationstrategyasapyramid:bigbetsatthetop,afewprojectsindevelopmentinthemiddle,andabroadbaseofcontinuousimprovements,lastingcontributions,andearly-stagenewideasatthebottom.  Definejobsaroundinnovation.Makeitajobprerequisite.Consider3M’smovetobecomeoneofthefirstcompaniestotellprofessionalsthattheycouldspend15percentoftheirtimeonprojectsoftheirownchoosing.Nowmanyhigh-techcompaniesknowthattheycan’tgetthebesttalentwithoutprovidingthiskindofflexibility.Andsomeofthoseself-selected,self-organizedprojectsmightevenresultinablockbusterproductorlineofbusiness.For3M,itwasthePost-itnote.  Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Tobuildacultureofcreativityandinnovation,Gillettedevelopedaninnovationfairinwhicheveryunitcouldshowoffitsmostpromisingnewconcepts.Itshowsthateveryonehasaroletoplayinacultureofinnovation.  Togofromideatosuccessfulinnovationrequiresagreatdealofsupportandcollaboration.Whenpeoplearesurroundedbyconstantcommunicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatisnecessaryincreatinginnovationculture?B.courage2.Howdoes3Mcreateitsinnovationculture?B.definejobsaroundinnovation.3.Thewordprerequisitein“Makeitajobprerequisite”meansA.requiredasapriorcondition4.HowdoesGillettecreateitsinnovationculture?C.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany. 5.TheformationfromideatoinnovationneedsC.supportandcooperation第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—It’saboutasuccessfulbusinessman’smanagementexperience,isn’tit?选择一项:B.That’sright!题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3______wecan’tcompeteintermsofsizeIdobelieveweholdanadvantageintermsofdedicationtocustomerservice.选择一项:C.Although题目4Thekey______successfulimplementationisclearlycommunicatingthestrategytothewholecompany.选择一项:A.to题目5Weneed________communicationskills:listencarefully,thinkbeforeyouspeakandmanageconflictsdiplomatically.选择一项:A.outstanding题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。   ThiseveningImetafriendatalocalbar.Shebroughtherlaptopalongsoshecouldshowmesomeofherlatestdigitalartdesigns.Aswelookedthroughherartwork,thelaptopsuddenlystartedmakinganunhealthynoise,thenthescreentwinkledonandoffandthencutoffcompletely.Andaswebothstaredatoneanothersurprisingly,theterriblesmelloffriedcomputercircuitsappeared.  Igrabbedthelaptopoffthebartoinspectitandtheprobleminstantlyaroseitself.Thebottomofthelaptopwascompletelywetandempty,spiltwaterglassrestedagainstthesideofherpursejustbehindwherethelaptopwassitting.Whilewewerechattingandshiftingthelaptop’s17inchscreenbackandforth,wesomehowspiltaglassofwaterthatthewaiterhadinadvertently(无意地)placedbehindthescreen,whichwasoutofourview.  Whenlifethrowsidsometroubleslikethis,ittypicallydoesn’tmakeanysensetous,andournaturalemotionalreactionmightgetextremelyupsetatthetopofourlungs.Buthowdoesthishelpourdilemma?Obviously,itdoesn’t.  Thesmartestandhardestthingwecandointhesekindsofsituationsistobemoretemperedinourreaction.You’dbemuchwiserandmoredisciplinedthanscreamextremely.Youshouldrememberthatemotionalrageonlymakesmattersworse.Andpleaserememberthatonceithappens,thatwillgiveusanopportunitytogrowstronger.  Everydifficultmomentinourlivesisaccompaniedbyanopportunityforpersonalgrowthandcreativity.Butinordertoattainthisgrowthandcreativity.  Wemustfirstlearntocontrolouremotions.Wemustrecognizethatdifficultiespasslikeeverythinginourlife.
简介:2022年国家开放大学电大《基础会计》和《管理英语4》合集网络核心课形考网考作业及答案最新国家开放大学电大《基础会计》期末试题题库及答案(试卷号2003)考试说明:本人根据学员的需求汇总了历年来所有的期末试题及答案,形成了一个单项选择题、多项选择题、简答题的标准考试题库,对考生的复习和考试起着非常重要的作用,会给您节省大量的时间。做考题时,利用本文档中的查找工具(Ctrl+F),把考题中的关键字输到查找工具的查找内容框内,就可迅速查找到该题答案。本文库还有其他网核、机考及教学考一体化试题答案,敬请查看。一、单项选择题1.“决策有用观”是一种关于()的观点。A.会计目标2.()是会计的主要内容,是会计的基础。A.会计核算3.下列不属于会计要素的是()。D.成本4.下列经济业务中,会引起一项兔愤减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款5.在借贷记账法下,资产类账户的结构特点是()。A.借方记增加,贷方记减少,余额在借方6.“限额领料单”按其填制方法属于()。B.累计凭证7.当经济业务只涉及货币资金相互间的收付时,一般填制()。B.付款凭证8.登记日记账的方式是按照经济业务发生的时间先后顺序进行()。A.逐日逐笔登记9.明细账从账簿的外表形式上看一般采用()账簿。B.活页式10.在实地盘存制下,平时在账簿中对财产物资()。A.只记增加数,不记减少数11.“未达账项”是指单位与银行之间由于结算凭证传递的时间不同而造成的()。 C.一方已经人账,而另一方尚未登记人账的账项12.财产清查中发现某种材料盘亏时,在报经批准处理以前应作会计分录为()。B.借;待处理财产损溢贷:原材料13.下列不属于对外会计报表的是()。D.产品生产成本表14.个别会计报表与合并会计报表是会计报表按照()进行的分类。D.会计主体15.会计信息应当能够反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量,满足会计信息使用者的需要,这是会计核算的()。B.相关性原则16.下列不属于会计循环的业务是()。A.编制预算报告17.下列不属于会计核算基本前提的是()。C.权责发生制18.记账凭证核算形式的特点是直接根据各种记账凭证逐笔登记()。C.总分类账19.企业在进行会计核算时选择一种“不多计资产或收益,少计负债或费用”的会计处理方法,所遵循的是()。C.谨慎性原则20.“资产=负债+所有者权益”这一会计恒等式的右端,两个因素的位置()。A.不能颠倒21.下列经济业务中,会引起一项负债减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款22.下列会计科目中属于负债类科目的是()。B.预提费用23.()既反映了会计要素间的基本数量关系,同时也是复式记账法的理论依据。D.会计恒等式24.在借贷记账法下,负债类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少.余额在贷方25.按照账户的用途和结构分类,“固定资产”账户属于()。 A.盘存账户26.记账以后,如发现记账错误是由于记账凭证所列会计科目或记账方向有误引起的,应采用()进行错账更正。D.红字更正法27.下列属于静态报表的是()。C.资产负债表28.“应付账款”账户的期初余额为8000元,本期贷方发生额为12000元,期末余额为6000元,则该账户的本期借方发生额为()。B.14000元29.在借贷记账法下,所有者权益类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少,余额在贷方30.按照账户的经济内容分类,“原材料”账户属于()。A.流动资产账户31.其全部指标均依据有关账户余额填列的会计报表是()。A.资产负债表32.在进行会计核算时,应将企业财产与其他单位及投资者财产区别开来,是会计核算基本前提中关于()的要求。A.会计主体33.资产负债表的资产项目,说明了企业所拥有的各种经济资源以及企业()。A.偿还债务的能力34.清查银行存款所采用的方法一般是()。D.对账单法35.下列单据中属于外来原始凭证的有()。D.购货发票36.复式记账法是对每一笔经济业务,都以相等的金额在()中进行登记。D.两个或两个以上的账户37.所有者权益类账户的期末余额是根据()计算。C.贷方期末余额=贷方期初余额十贷方本期发生额一借方本期发生额38.下列引起资产内部此增彼减的交易、事项是()。B.收回赊销款存入银行64.按经济内容分类,“制造费用”账户属于()账户。‘ A.成本类39.将现金存入银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证40.企业用现金支付某职工报销的市内交通费78元,会计人员编制的付款凭证为借记管理费用87元,贷记现金87元,并登记入账。对当年发生的该项记账错误应采用的更正方法是()。B.红字更正法41.计提资产减值准备,体现了会计信息质量要求中的()。C.谨慎性42.资产负债表结构设置的依据是()。C.资产=负债十所有者权益43.利润表中的“净利润”是根据企业的()扣除所得税费用后的净额。C.利润总额44.我国企业会计准则的制定机构是()。C.财政部45.根据现有的发现,我国会计一职最早出现在()。A.西周时期46.会计的反映职能不包括()。B.主观性47.利润是企业在一定期间的()。C.经营成果48.正确的会计等式是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益49.下列账户中与负债账户结构相同的是()账户。D.所有者权益50.简单会计分录的特征是()。C.一借一贷51.下列账户中,期末需直接结转到“本年利润”账户的是()。A.管理费用52.下列人员工资中,通过“管理费用”科目核算的是()。C.企业管理人员工资53.下列明细账中,可以采用数量金额式账页的是()。 A.库存商品明细分类账54.下列报表中,其结构有账户式和报告式的是()。B.资产负债表55.下列各项中属于所有者权益的是(.)。D.未分配利润56.复式记账法的基本理论依据是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益57.某企业购进材料一批,买价15000元,运输费600元,入库前整理挑选费400元。该批材料的采购成本是()。C.16000元58.下列属于制造企业其他业务收入的是()。D.出售材料收入59.会计凭证分为原始凭证和记账凭证,其分类标准是()。C.按其填制的程序和用途不同60.下列账簿中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账61.下列各项中,属于会计法律的是()。C.《中华人民共和国会计法》62.财产所有权与管理权相分离情况下,会计的根本目标是()。A.完成受托责任92.会计对象的具体化,可称为()。B.会计要素63.在借贷记账法中,账户的哪一方记录增加数,哪一方记录减少数是由()决定的。B.账户性质64.以下各账户中属于费用账户的是()。B.财务费用65.限额领料单属于()。B.累计凭证66.下列各项中应建立备查簿登记的是()。B.经营性租人固定资产67.某企业本月收到A公司偿还上月所欠货款5 000元存入银行,下列账务处理中的哪一种符合权责发生制要求()。B.借:银行存款5000贷:应收账款500068.财务报表编制的依据是()。D.账簿69.我国企业会计准则分为三个层次,它们是()。A.基本准则、具体准则和应用指南70.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的是()。A.资产类账户借方登记增加额71.采购员报销950元差旅费,出纳员又补付其现金150元并结清其暂借款,这项业务应编制()。D.付款凭证和转账凭证72.我国最新的企业会计准则实施于()。A.2007年73.下列各项中属于流动资产的有()。A.应收账款74.账户是根据()在账簿中开设的记账单元。C.会计科目75.账户中各项金额的关系可以用()表示。A.期末余额一期初余额十本期增加发生额一本期减少发生额76.下列项目中属于营业外收入的是()。C固定资产出售净收益77.将现金存人银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证125.下列账户中与负债类账户结构相同的是()。B.所有者权益类账户78.目前,我国会计核算中收付实现制的应用范围是()。D.行政单位和事业单位中除经营业务以外的业务79.会计对经济活动进行综合反映,主要是利用()。A.货币量度80.会计科目是对()的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。C.会计要素 81.企业结转已销售产品的成本时,应()。B.贷记“库存商品”账户82.收款凭证左上角“借方科目”后应填写()科目。B.银行存款或库存现金83.会计的基本职能是()。A.反映和控制84.下列不应当直接计入当期损益的是()。D.制造费用85.能够提供企业某一类经济业务增减变化较为详细会计信息的账簿是()。A.明细分类账86.采用收付实现制,由于没有将各个会计期间所实现的收入和为实现收入所应负担的费用进行配比,因而也就不能正确计算各期的()。D.经营成果87.目前,我国会计核算中权责发生制的应用范围是()。D.企业会计和事业单位中的经营业务88.下列账薄中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账89.在一些规模小、会计业务简单的单位,应()。B.在其他有关机构中设置会计人员90.在实际成本法下,用来归集记人材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。C.“在途物资”91.张华是公司的总经理,其出差报销差旅费10000元,应记入()账户。D.管理费用92.已知某企业营业收入300万元,营业成本200万,管理费用20万元,财务费用10万元,销售费用5万元,营业外收入8万元。填人利润表中的营业利润是()。B.65万元93.“应收账款”账户所属明细账户期末如果出现贷方余额,应填人资产负债表的项目是()。B.预收账款94.某企业某年10月份“原材料”账户期末余额为100000元,“库存商品”账户期末余额为120000元,“生产成本”账户期末余额为30000元,“固定资产”账户期末余额为200000元。资产负债表中的存货项目应填入()。 B.250000元95.资产负债表是反映企业()财务状况的报表。D.某一特定日期96.支付职工差旅费发生的现金流出属于()。C.经营活动的现金流出97.按照现行规定,我国上市公司年报应于年度终了后()内对外报告。C.4个月98.在供应过程中,在实际成本法下,用来归集记录材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。A.“在途物资”99.“利润分配”账户在年终结算后出现借方余额,表示()。A.未弥补的亏损额100.我国现行《会计法》是从()开始实施的。C.1985年5月1日二、多项选择题1.所有者权益的构成项目有()。A.实收资本B.资本公积C.盈余公积D.未分配利润E.应收账款2.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。B.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料6500C.借:生产成本8000D.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款50003.各种原始凭证必须具备的基本内容有()。A.凭证的名称B.经济业务事项名称、数量、单价和金额C.填制凭证单位名称或者填制人姓名E.填制凭证的日期4.登账时遇到下列情况应用红色墨水书写()。 A.在不设减少金额栏的多栏式账页中,登记减少数C.在三栏式账户的余额栏前,如未印明余额方向的,在余额栏内登记负数金额5.会计报表应当包括()。A.现金流量表B.相关附表C.资产负债表D.利润表6.下列各项中属于收益性支出的是()。A.购进商品B.购进原材料D.购进办公用品E.支付短期借款利息7.下列资产负债表项目中,需根据账户余额减去其备抵项目后的净额填列的有()B.短期投资D.存货E.应收账款9.总分类账和明细分类账平行登记的要点有()。A.登记的依据相同C.登记的方向一致E.登记的金额相同11.下列会计等式正确的有()。A.资产=权益B.资产=负债十所有者权益十净收益C.资产=负债+所有者权益E.资产=负债+所有者权益+(收入-费用)12.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。A.借:生产成本8000B.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款5000E.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料650013.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于跨期摊提账户的有()。B.预提费用E.待摊费用14.会汁凭证包括()。A.原始凭证B.记账凭证15.企业从银行提取现金5000元备用,此项业务应在()中登记。 A.现金日记账B.银行存款日记账C.总分类账16.会计账簿按其外表形式不同可分为()。C.订本式账簿D.活页式账簿E.卡片式账簿17.记账凭证的基本内容包括()。A.凭证的名称和编号B.经济业务事项摘要C.会计科目的名称、方向和金额D.凭证填制的日期和有关人员的签章E.所附原始凭证张数18.在借贷记账法下,账户贷方登记的内容有()B.资产的减少C.负债及所有者权益的增加19.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于调整账户的有(C.累计折旧D.坏账准备E.利润分配20.收入的取得可能会影响下列哪些会计要素()。A.资产B.负债D.所有者权益E.利润21.下列各项中,属于期间费用的有()。C.管理费用D.销售费用E.财务费用22.下列经济业务中,会引起会计等式左右两方同时发生增减变化的有(A.投资者投入货币资本B.以存款归还借款E.购进材料款未付23.下列各项中属于会计核算基本前提的有()。A.会计主体B.持续经营C.货币计量D.会计分期24.对账包括()。C.账簿与凭证核对D.账簿与账簿核对E.账簿与实物核对25.下列各项中属于会计核算方法的有()。A.复式记账B.填制和审核会计凭证D.设置会计科目和账户26.未达账项有以下几种情况()。A.本单位已记存款增加,银行尚未记账B.本单位巳记存款减少,银行尚未记账 C.银行已记存款增加,本单位尚未记账D.银行已记存款减少,本单位尚未记账27·财产清查中应采用实地盘点法进行清查的资产主要有()A.固定资产B.产成品D.库存现金28.会计方法应包括()。A.会计核算方法B.会计分析方法C.会计预测方法D.会计决策方法E.会计考评方法29.下列项目中,应计人“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C.提供劳务的收入30.账户的结构一般应包括()等内容。()A.账户名称B.日期和摘要C.凭证编号D.增加和减少的金额E.余额31.以下各项应在“营业税金及附加”账户核算的有()。B.消费税C.营业税D.教育费附加E.城市维护建设税32.资产负债表中货币资金项目编制的依据有()。A.库存现金B.银行存款C.其他货币资金33.资产的确认条件有()。A.与该资源有关的经济利益很可能流入企业C该资源的成本或者价值能够可靠地计量34.下列项目中,属于会计科目的有()。A.固定资产C.原材料E.累计折旧35.关于“本年利润”账户,下列说法正确的是()。A.借方登记期末转入的各项费用B.贷方登记期末转入的各项收入c.贷方余额为本年实现的利润额D.借方余额为本年发生的亏损额E.年终结算后无余额36.财务报表按其编报时间不同,可分为()。 C年度报表D.中期报表37.每一笔会计分录都包括()。A.账户名称B.记账方向C.金额38.借贷记账法下的试算平衡公式有()。C.全部账户借方发生额合计一全部账户贷方发生额合计D.全部账户借方余额合计一全部账户贷方余额合计39.企业实现的净利润应进行下列分配()。C.提取法定盈余公积金D.提取任意盈余公积金E.向投资人分配利润40.利润表中的“营业收入”应根据()之和来填列。A.主营业务收入B.其他业务收入41.下列属于会计法规体系的有()。A.会计法B.会计行政法规C.企业会计准则D.统一会计制度42.会计计量的属性有()。A.历史成本B.重置成本C.可变现净值D.现值E.公允价值43.下列项目中,应计入“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C提供劳务的收入44.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.资产的增加B.负债的减少C.收入的转销D.费用成本的增加45.会计核算方法包括()。A.填制和审核凭证B.登记账簿C.成本计算D.编制财务报表E.财产清查46.费用的发生可能会引起()。A.负债的增加B.资产的减少 C.所有者权益的减少47.下列可以用来作为分配材料采购费用标准的有(B.材料的体积C.材料的买价D.材料的重量48.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的有(A.资产类账户借方登记增加额B.资产类账户贷方登记减少额C.负债类账户借方登记减少额E.收入类账户贷方登记增加额49.下列费用中,属于期间费用的是()。B.销售费用C.管理费用D.财务费用50.投资者投入的资本,依据投资者的身份不同可以是(A.国家资本金B.个人资本金C.法人资本金E.外商资本金51.确定存货账面结存数量的方法有()。A.永续盘存制B.实地盘存制E.技术推算法52.下列不等式中,在不同情况下成立的有()答案:ABCD53.下列账户中,在期末结账后有余额的是()。A.生产成本B.在途物资54.企业分配工资费用时,应贷记“应付职工薪酬”科目,借记以下有关科目()。A.生产成本B.制造费用C.管理费用D.销售费用 55.权责发生制要求()。A.凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表B.凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用56.企业会计人员的主要职责有()。A.进行会计核算B.实行会计监督C.拟定本单位办理会计事务的具体办法D.参与拟定经济计划、业务计划,考核、分析预算、财务计划的执行情况57.会计核算是指会计工作收集、加工,储存和揭示会计信息的过程,这个过程由以下几个环节构成()。A.记录B.报告C.确认D.计量58.企业的留存收益包括()。A.未分配利润B.盈余公积59.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.收入的转销B.费用筏本的增加C.资产的增加D.负债的减少160.资产负债表的左方包括()等项目。A.存货B.商誉C.货币资金三、简答题1.试简要说明会计的特点。答:会计的特点是指会计和其他经济核算的不同点。由于会计核算是会计的基本环节,会计的特点主要体现在会计核算方面,它有三个基本特点;(1)以货币为主要计量尺度,具有综合性;(2)会计核算具有完整性、连续性和系统性;(3)会计核算要以凭证为依据,并严格遵守会计规范。2.实地盘存制的概念、优缺点及其适用范围是什么?答:(1) 概念。实地盘存制又称“定期盘存制”,是指平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数的一种存货核算方法。(2)优缺点。实地盘存制的优点是可以简化日常核算工作。主要缺点有两点:一是不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货的增加、减少和结余情况;二是倒挤出的销售成本不一定符合实际情况,可能包括一部分损失或差错,因而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。(3)适用范围。实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。3.会计循环的基本内容是什么?答:会计循环一般由下列步骤构成:第一,根据经济业务的实际发生和完成的真实情况编制必要的会计分录。第二,根据每笔会计分录所确定的应借、应贷金额,分别过人各有关总分类账户和明细分类账户之中。第三,根据会计等式的平衡关系来检查、验证会计分录和过账工作有无错误。第四,根据权责发生制和配比原则的要求,按照收入、费用的归属期,对账簿记录进行必要的调整。第五,根据分类账各账户提供的会计数据和会计主体财产清查的结果,在每一个会计期末进行对账。第六,根据一定时期内全部入账的经济业务的内容,将各种账簿记录结计清楚,即结出本期发生额和期末余额。第七,根据分类账户中有关账户的发生额和各账户的期末余额,编制损益表、资产负债表、现金流量表等会计报表及其财务状况说明书。4.简要说明总分类账与明细分类账的关系及其平行登记的要点。答:(1)总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系,又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的内在联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。(2)总分类账和明细分类账的平行登记包括以下几个要点:①登记的依据相同;②登记的方向一致;③登记的金额相等。5.试简要说明复式记账法的概念及其优点。答:复式记账法就是对于每一笔经济业务所引起的会计要素及其项目的增减变动,都以相等的金额,在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行登记的记账方法。复式记账法的优点有两个:一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。 6.试简要说明原始凭证与记账凭证的相同与不同之处。答:相同点:两者都是会计凭证。不同点:①作用不同。原始凭证是填制记账凭证的依据;汇账凭证是登记账簿的依据。②内容不同。原始凭证说明经济业务的发生或完成情况,是会计核算的原始资料;记账凭证主要确定会计分录。③填制人员不同。原始凭证—·般由业务经办人员填制,记账凭证山会计人员填制。7.什么是会计的职能?会计的基本职能有哪些?各自有什么特点?答:会计的职能是指会计所具有的功能。(1分)其基本职能是反映和控制。(1分)(1)会计反映职能具有以下特点:①会计提供的信息主要是通过货币形式来反映的(1分)②会计提供的信息具有客观性和可验证性(1分)③会计的反映具有连续性和综合性(1分)(2)会计的控制职能具有以下特点:①会计控制具有强制性和严肃性(1分)②会计控制具有适时性、连续性和全面性(1分)8.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?其适用范围是什么?答:永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。(3分)在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。(1分)实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数-然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计入账簿。(3分)实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。(1分)9.什么是会计科目?什么是账户?二者有什么联系与区别?答:会计科目就是对会计要素的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。账户是根据会计科目在账簿中开设的记账单元。二者的相同点是它们所反映的会计对象的具体内容是相同的。二者的区别是:(1)会计科目仅仅是指账户的名称,而账户除了有名称(会计科目)外,它还具有一定的格式、结构,具体表现为若干账页,是用来记录经济业务的载体;(2分) (2)会计科目是会计核算前,事先确定的对经济业务分类核算的项目,账户是经济业务发生之后,进行分类、连续登记的一种手段。(2分)10.什么是财务报表?其基本内容有哪些?答:财务报表是对企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的结构性表述。(2分)财务报表的主要内容由表头、表身和表外说明三部分组成。(2分)表头内容包括报表名称、报表编制单位名称、时间(或会计期间)、报表编号和计量单位五部分。(2分)表身是报表最重要的部分,它由一系列相互联系的经济指标组成。(1分)表外说明是对表身未反映的事项进行补充或对表身未能详细反映的内容作必要的解释。(1分)11.什么是会计凭证?其有何作用?有哪些种类?答:会计凭证是记录经济业务、明确经济责任的书面证明,也是登记账簿的依据。正确地填制、合法地取得和严格地审核会计凭证,是会计循环的初始环节,也是会计核算的基本方法,对于完成会计工作具有十分重要的意义,其主要作用体现在以下三个方面:(1)及时、正确地反映经济业务完成情况;(2)明确经济责任,强化单位内部控制;(3)加强经济监督,控制经济运行。会计凭证是多种多样的,按照填制程序和用途不同,可以分为原始凭证和记账凭证。12.什么是权责发生制和收付实现制?两者的区别何在?其各自的适用范围是什么?答:权责发生制又称为应收应付制或应计制,是指以是否取得收到现金的权利或发生支付现金的责任即权责的发生为标志来确认本期收入和费用以及债权和债务。权责发生制基础要求,凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计入利润表;凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用。收付实现制又称为现收现付制或现金制,是与权责发生制相对应的一种会计基础,它是以实际收到或支付现金的时间来确认会计期间的收入、费用。收付实现制基础要求,凡是当期收到和支付的现金,都作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表;凡是当期没有实际收到和付出现金,都不记录本期收入和费用。权责发生制与收付实现制的区别在于对收入、费用人账时间的确认不一样。13.什么是复式记账法?复式记账法有什么优缺点?答:复式记账法是对发生每一笔经济业务所引起会计要素的增减变动,以相等的金额同时在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行记录的一种方法。(3分)复式记账法的优点有两个: 一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。(2分)二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。(2分)14.为什么企业要进行期末账项调整?其包括哪几种类型?答:按照权责发生制基础的要求,不论款项是否支付,凡是本会计期间已经实现的收入和应该负担的费用都要计入本期的收入和费用,凡是不属于本期收入和本期应该负担的费用,即使相关款项已经收付,也不能计入本会计期间的收入和费用。因此,每个会计期末都要对已经人账和没有人账的相关收入、费用进行必要的调整,以便正确计算本期损益。(4分)账项调整的内容有五种类型:应计收入的调整;预收收入的调整;应计费用的调整;预付费用的调整;其他账项的调整。(4分)15.总分类账与明细分类账的联系与区别是什么?答:总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系、又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务的内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。总分类账提供的经济指标,是明细分类账资料的综合,对所属明细分类账起着统驭和控制作用;明细分类账是对有关总账的补充,起着辅助和补充说明作用。16.财务报表的信息质量要求有哪些?答:我国财政部颁布的《企业会计准则——基本准则》对财务报表所反映的会计信息质量提出了八项要求:(1)客观性要求。是指会计核算应当以实际发生的经济业务为依据,如实反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量。(2)相关性要求。是指企业提供约会计信息应当与财务会计报告使用者的经济决策需要相关,有助于财务会计报告使用者对企业过去。现在或者未来的情况作出评价或者预测。(3)明晰性要求。明晰性要求实质上是要实现财务报表的可理解性,即企业编制的财务会计报告要清晰明了,便于理解和利用。(4)可比性要求。是指企业的会计核算按照规定的会计处理方法进行,会计指标应当口径一致,相互可比。可比性要求包括纵向可比和横向可比两方面要求。(5)实质重于形式要求。是指企业应当按照交易或者事项的经济实质进行会计确认、计量和报告,不应仅以交易或者事项的法律形式为依据。(6)重要性要求。是指企业在会计核算过程中对交易或事项应当区别其重要程度,采用不 同的报告方式。具体来说,对于那些对企业的经济活动或会计信息的使用者相对重要的会计事项,应单独报告,分项反映,力求准确,并在会计报告中重点说明;而对于那些次要的会计事项,在不影响会计信息真实可靠的情况下,则可适当简化会计核算和报告手续,合并反映。(7)谨慎性要求。是指会计人员在对某些经济业务或会计事项存在不同的会计处理方法和程序可供选择时,在不影响合理选择的前提下,以尽可能选择不虚增利润和夸大所有者权益的会计处理方法和程序进行会计处理,要求合理核算和报告可能发生的损失和费用。(8)及时性要求。是指企业的会计核算应当及时进行,不得提前或延后,以保证会计信息的及时利用。17.什么是记账凭证?如何审核记账凭证?答:记账凭证是会计人员根据审核无误的原始凭证及有关资料,按照经济业务的内容加以归类、并确定会计分录而填制的、直接作为登记账簿依据的凭证。(2分)记账凭证审核的内容包括有:(1)内容是否真实记账凭证是否附有原始凭证,记账凭证的经济内容是否与所附原始凭证的内容相同、金额是否相等。(2分)(2)会计科目和金额是否正确审核记账凭证应借、应贷的会计科目(包括一级科目、明细科目)对应关系是否清晰、金额是否正确。(2分)(3)项目是否齐全记账凭证中的项目是否填制完整,日期、凭证编号、附件张数有关人员的签章是否齐全;摘要是否清楚。(2分)18.我国会计法律规范分为哪几个层次?各包含哪些主要内容?答:我国的会计法律规范包括会计法、会计行政法规、会计准则(制度)三个层次。(1分)(1)会计法是调整整个国民经济活动中会计关系的法律规范的总称。是一切会计法规的母法,在会计法体系中处于最核心的地位和最高的层次,是制定其他会计法规的依据和指导一切会计工作的准绳,具有普遍适用性和指导性的特点。(2分)(2)会计行政管理法规,包括会计行政法规、地方性会计法规和会计规章。(2分)(3)会计制度按会计主体不同分为企业会计制度和非企业会计制度两大类,前者规范企业的会计核算工作,后者规范非企业单位的会计核算工作。另外,会计准则是依据《会计法》制定的关于会计核算的规范。(2分)19.什么是平行登记?其要点是什么?答:所谓平行登记,就是对发生的每一项经济业务,一方面要在有关的总分类账户中进行总括登记,另一方面还要在其所属的有关明细账户中进行明细登记。 平行登记的要点有:(1)总分类账与明细分类账登记的依据相同;(2)总分类账与明细分类账登记的方向一致;(3)总分类账与明细分类账登记的金额相等。20.财务报表的种类有哪些?答:不同性质的会计主体,由于会计核算的具体内容和经济管理的要求不同,其财务报表的种类也不尽相向。对企业而言,可按照以下不同的标准将财务报表划分成不同的类别:(1)按经济内容分类。按财务报表反映内容的不同,可分为静态报表和动态报表。静态报表是指综合反映企业某一特定时点资产、负债和所有者权益情况的报表,如资产负债表;动态报表是指综合反映企业一定时期的经营情况、现金流动情况以及所有者权益变动情况的报表,如利润表、现金流量表和所有者权益变动表。(2)按编报时间分类。按财务报表编报时间的不同,可分为中报和年报。中报,即中期报表,是在年度中间的某一时期对外提供的财务报表。中期报表涵盖的时间短于一个会计年度,包括月报、季报和半年报。年报,即年度报表,是在年末编制的,按年度反映企业年末财务状况和年度内经营成果、现金流量的财务报表。一般而言,月报要求简明扼要,及时反映;年报要求揭示完整,反映全面;而季报和半年报在会计信息的详细程度方面,则介于两者之间。(3)按编制主体分类。按财务报表编制主体,可分为个别财务报表和合并财务报表,这种划分是在企业对外单位进行投资情况下,基于特殊财务关系而形成的。个别财务报表是指投资企业或接受投资企业编制的,只反映投资企业或接受投资企业本身的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表;合并财务报表是指投资企业在对外投资占被投资企业的资本总额半数以上(或者实质上拥有被投资企业控制权)的情况下,根据本企业和被投资企业的个别财务报表编制的,反映投资企业与被投资企业整体的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表。21.什么是内部会计控制制度?其基本内容有哪些?答:内部会计控制制度,是指各单位根据国家会计法律、法规、规章、制度的规定,结合本单位经营管理和业务管理的特点和要求而制定的旨在规范单位内部会计管理活动的制度和办法。(4分)内部会计控制制度的基本内容具体包括内部会计控制体系,会计人员岗位责任制度,账务处理程序制度,内部牵制制度,计量验收制度,财产清查制度,财务收支审批制度,成本核算制度和财务会计分析制度。(4分)22.什么是会计账簿?其有何作用?有哪些种类? 答:会计账簿是按照会计科目开设的,由一定格式的账页组成,以记账凭证为依据,全面地、连续地、系统地、综合地记录企事业单位经济业务的簿籍。设置和登记账簿是会计工作的重要环节,也是会计信息处理的一个重要的专门方法。各单位通过设置和登记账簿,可以把分散在会计凭证上的大量核算资料,加以集中和归类整理,为编制财务报表提供重要依据。会计账簿在会计核算中的主要作用有:①通过登记会计账簿,可以把会计凭证所提供的资料归类汇总,形成集中的、系统的、全面的会计核算资料;②会计账簿是反映、监督经济活动,考核各部门经济责任的重要手段;③会计账簿为编制财务报表提供主要的数据资料。会计账簿形式多种多样,不同的会计账簿所登记的内容及登记的方法各不相同。我们可以按不同标准对会计账簿进行分类:①按其用途的不同可以分为序时账簿、分类账簿和备查账簿三种;②按其形式的不同可分为订本式账簿、活页式账簿和卡片式账簿;③按账页格式的不同可以分为三栏式账簿、多栏式账簿和数量金额式账簿等。23.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?各有什么优缺点?各自适用于哪些存货?答:实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计人账簿。采用实地盘存制,虽然平时能简化记账工作,但核算手续不严密,不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货减少和结余情况,工作中如出现差错、毁损、被盗丢失等情况,均计入本期发出数,从而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。因此,实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。采用这种方法,虽然能在账簿中及时反映各项存货的增减变动及结存情况,但也有可能发生账实不符的情况。因此,也需要对各项存货进行实地盘点,以查明账实是否相符,以及账实不符的原因。采用永续盘存制,虽然加大了日常核算工作量,但手续严密,通过明细账簿可以随时了解存货的收入、发出和结存情况,有利于加强存货管理。因此,在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。最新国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明:2022年春期电大把《管理英语4》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核,它共有八个单元自测 。针对该门课程,给出了每个单元自测的二套标准题库,在考试中可多次抽取试题,直至与其中的一套答案相近即可。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案,敬请查看。单元自测1第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Thisprojectistoobigformetofinishontime.选择一项:C.I’llgiveyouahand题目2—Ithinkthingshavebeenabitdifficultforusthelastcoupleofmonths.—__________.We’vebeenworkinghard,butstillgettingbehind.选择一项:A.You’reright题目3AT&Tfoundthatemployeeswithbetterplanninganddecision-makingskillswere______tobepromotedintomanagementjobs.选择一项:A.morelikely题目4TheHumanResourceManagingDepartmentatHondaisgivenspecificinstructions______employthebestpossibleworkers.选择一项:C.onhowto题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。WhoKilledNokia?  Nokiaexecutivesattemptedtoexplainitsfallfromthetopofthesmartphonepyramidwith threefactors:1)thatNokiawastechnicallyinferiortoApple,2)thatthecompanywascomplacentand3)thatitsleadersdidn’tseethedisruptiveiPhonecoming.  Ithasalsobeenarguedthatitwasnoneoftheabove.Nokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseofdivergentsharedfearsamongthecompany’smiddleandtopmanagerswhichledtocompany-wideinertiathatleftitpowerlesstorespondtoApple’sgame.  Basedonthefindingsofanin-depthinvestigationand76interviewswithtopandmiddlemanagers,engineersandexternalexperts,theresearchersdiscoveredacultureoffearduetotemperamentalleadersandthatfrightenedmiddlemanagerswerescaredoftellingthetruth.  Thefearthatfrozethecompanycamefromtwoplaces.First,thecompany’stopmanagershadaterrifyingreputation.SomemembersofNokia’sboardandtopmanagementweredescribedas“extremelytemperamental”andtheyregularlyshoutedatpeople“atthetopoftheirlungs”.Itwasverydifficulttotellthemthingstheydidn’twanttohear.Secondly,topmanagerswereafraidoftheexternalenvironmentandnotmeetingtheirquarterlytargets,whichalsoimpactedhowtheytreatedmiddlemanagers.  Topmanagersthusmademiddlemanagersafraidofdisappointingthem.Middlemanagersweretoldthattheywerenotambitiousenoughtomeettopmanagers’goals.  Fearingthereactionsoftopmanagers,middlemanagersremainedsilentorprovidedoptimistic,filteredinformation.Thus,middlemanagersdirectlyliedtotopmanagement.  Worse,acultureofstatusinsideNokiamadeeveryonewanttoholdontovestedpowerforfearofresourcesbeingallocatedelsewhereiftheydeliveredbadnewsorshowedthattheywerenotboldorambitiousenoughtoundertakechallengingassignments.  Beyondverbalpressure,topmanagersalsoappliedpressureforfasterperformanceinpersonnelselection.Thisledmiddlemanagerstooverpromiseandunderdeliver.Onemiddlemanagertoldusthat“youcangetresourcesbypromisingsomethingearlier,orpromisingalot.It’ssaleswork.”  Whilemodestfearmightbehealthyformotivation,abusingitcanbelikeoverusingadrug,whichrisksgeneratingharmfulsideeffects.Toreducethisrisk,leadersshouldcoordinatewiththevariedemotionsofthestaff.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhaveencouragedsafedialogue,internalcoordinationandfeedbacktounderstandthetrueemotionintheorganization.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.NokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseitstechnologyisnotasgoodasthatofApple. F2.Nokia’smiddlemanagerswerefranktotellthetruth,butthetoponesdidn’tlistentothem.F3.Nokia’stopmanagersweretoomoodytohearanythinggoodbutharsh.T4.MiddlemanagersinNokiadeliveredresultsmorethantheypromisedearlier.F5.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhavehadbetterconversationtechniquestoencourageinternalcoordinationandtruth.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)—Couldyougiveusaspeechonmanagementfunctionssomedaythisweek?选择一项:C.I’dloveto,butI’mbusythisweek题目2—Wecouldletsomeofthestaffworkfromhome.________________?—That’sagoodidea.选择一项:B.Whatdoyouthinkofit题目3______hisangertheemployeescalledhimMr.Thunder,buttheylovedhim.选择一项:A.Dueto题目4Itisthroughenthusiasmandquietintensity______wetransformcreativityandvisionintothetechnologies.选择一项:A.that题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate 题目6二、听力理解:听录音,选择最佳答案(共50分)。操作提示:通过下拉选项框,选择答案。1.WhatkindofroleisMelindatakingonforherjob?C.Projectcoordinator.2.HowlongwillMelindabetrainedforhernewrole?B.Halfamonth.3.HowoftenshouldMelindareporttotheboardontheprogressoftheproject?A.Onceamonth.4.WhatkindofcontractcanMelindasignwithoutsidecontractors?B.Standardtemporary-workercontract.5.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtoMelinda’sresponsibilities?A.Formulatetheindustrystandardofpayment.单元自测2第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—____________________identifytheproblemsthathavebeenoccurring?—Well,asyouknow,theproblemswehadwithGarycausedalotoffrictionamongtheteam.选择一项:C.Areyouableto题目2—Ifyoucan’tsaywhatyou’vecometosayatthemeeting,what’sthepoint?—____________________,butIthinkyoumightneedtochangeyourapproachsomewhat.选择一项:B.Icanseethat题目3WhenthemessagefinallyreachedtheCommandCenter,it__________“mutated”tobecome—“Sendthreeandfour-pence,we’regoingtoadance.”选择一项:B.had 题目4EverytimeItriedtosaysomething,hewould______tosomethingelse.选择一项:B.moveon题目5Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。HabitsofHighlyEffectiveCommunicators  It’snosecretthatgoodleadersarealsogoodcommunicators.Indeed,communicationandleadershipareinextricablytied.Howcanyougalvanize,inspireorguideothersifyoudon’tcommunicateinaclear,credibleandauthenticway?Hereare5essentialcommunicationpracticesofeffectiveleaders:  1.Mindthesay-dogap.Trustisthebedrockofeffectiveleadership–yourbehaviorisyoursinglegreatestmodeofcommunication,anditmustbecongruentwithwhatyousay.Ifyouractionsdon’talignwithyourwords,youarestoringuptroubleforthefuture.  2.Makethecomplexsimple.Effectiveleadersdistillcomplexthoughtsandstrategiesintosimple,memorabletermsthatcolleaguesandcustomerscangraspandactupon.Themostimportantthingistoclarifywhatyouwanttosay,lookoutfortechnicaljargonandavoidbusinessspeak,whichaddcomplexity.Saywhatyoumeaninasfewwordsaspossible.  3.Findyourownvoice.Uselanguagethat’sdistinctlyyourown;letyourvaluescomethroughinyourcommunication.Correctuseoflanguageandgrammarareimportant,ofcourse,butdon’tbecomeoverlyfixatedoneloquenceforeloquence’ssake;concentrateonbeingdistinctandreal.Peoplewantreal,peoplerespectreal,peoplefollowreal.  4.BevisibleVisibilityisaboutlettingyourkeystakeholdersgetafeelforwhoyouareandwhatyoucareabout.Don’thidebehindacomputerandonlyinteractwithpeopleelectronically–seethemfacetofaceandvoicetovoice,andinteractwiththeminareal,substantialway.Intoday’senvironment,wherepeopleareoftenburnedout,it’simportantforemployeestohave apersonalconnectionwithyouandtheworkyoubelievein.Showthepeoplethatworkforyouthatyou’reengagedandthatyoucareaboutthemandtheirwork.  5.Listenwithyoureyesaswellasyourears.Effectivecommunicationisatwo-wayprocess,andgoodleadersknowhowtoaskgoodquestions,andthenlistenwithboththeireyesandtheirears.Becauseyouareinapositionofauthority,othersmaybereluctanttoexpresstheirrealopinionstoyoudirectly.Youwon’talwaysgetdirectfeedback,soyouneedtoalsobeabletoreadbetweenthelinesandlookforthenon-verbalcues.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Communicationandleadershipdon’talwaysgohandinhand.F2.Thesay-dogaphappenswhenpeoplemisunderstandtheirleader’sintention.F3.Usingtechnicaljargonmakesaleaderconvincing.F4.Communicatingsincerelyisalwaysthebest.T5.Observationisasimportantascommunicationwhenyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplereallythink.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Howdidyourmeetinggoyesterday?—____________________actually,itwasreallyfrustrating.选择一项:A.Notsogood题目2—Howcanyouexplainthelatestsituation?—____________________,Iknowitisallmyfault.选择一项:A.Sorry题目3Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering 题目4Ithinktheprimary______factoristhere’sbeensomuchabsencelately.选择一项:A.contributing题目5He’sleftnow,butproductivityhasn’t______thatmuch.选择一项:C.pickedup题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。WhatWeHaveHere:AFailuretoCommunicate  Itistheweirdething.Therearemorewaysthanevertocommunicatewithpeople,yetitsometimesseemslikeitismoredifficulttoconnect—andstayconnected—withanyone.  Shouldyoushootoffanemail?Tapoutatext?PostaprivatemessageonFacebook?WriteontheirFacebookwall?Skype,poke,pingorconjurethemuponadigitaltincanphone?  Andonceyoureachsomeone,youwonder:Ishepayingattention?Howdoyouknow?Evenwiththetechno-easeofcountlesscommunicationdevices,conversationscanstillbetroublesome.Questionsareaskedandansweredoutoforder.Instructionsanddirectionsgohalf-read.Meetingsarebotched.Feelingsarehurt.单元自测3第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—WillyouhelpmearrangeameetingwithMr.Brown,please?选择一项:C.SorryIcan’t.Ihavetofinishmyprojectrightnow. 题目3IfItakethetimetotalkwithmymanageratthebeginningofaproject,we______offtoagreatstartonthesamepage.选择一项:A.canget题目4IbelievethatIhavealottocontribute______ateamenvironment,andamcomfortableinbothleadershipandplayerroles.选择一项:A.to题目5Theteamcreatesanenvironment______peoplearecomfortableincommunicating,advocatingpositions,andtakingaction.选择一项:C.inwhich题目6阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。TipsforTeamBuilding  Whenyouthinkofteambuilding,doyouimmediatelypictureyourgroupoffataresortplayinggamesorhangingfromropes?Traditionally,manyorganizationsapproachteambuildinginthiswaybut,then,theywonderwhythatwonderfulsenseofteamworkthathadbeendisplayedattheretreatortheseminarfailstoimpactlongtermbeliefsandactionsbackatwork.  I’mnotaversetoretreats,planningsessions,seminarsandteambuildingactivities—infactIleadthem—buttheyhavetoformpartofamuchlargerteamworkeffort.Youwillnotbuildteamworkby“retreating”asagroupforacoupleofdayseachyear,insteadyouneedtothinkofteambuildingassomethingyoudoeverysingleday.  •Formteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocesses.Providetraininginsystematicmethodssotheteamexpendsitsenergyontheproject,notontryingtoworkouthowtoworktogetherasateamtoapproachtheproblem.  •Holddepartmentmeetingstoreviewprojectsandprogress,toobtainbroadinput,andtocoordinatesharedworkprocesses.Ifthereisfrictionbetweenteammembers,examinethework processestheymutuallyown—theproblemisnotusuallytheirpersonalities;instead,itisoftenthefactthattheteammembershaven’tagreedonhowtheywilldeliveraproductorservice,orthestepsrequiredtogetsomethingdone.  •Buildfunandsharedoccasionsintotheorganization’sagenda—holdpotlucklunches,taketheteamtoasportingevent,sponsordinnersatalocalrestaurant,gohikingorgotoanamusementpark.Holdamonthlycompanymeeting,sponsorsportsteamsandencouragecheeringteamfans.  •Useicebreakersandteamworkexercisesatmeetings—thesehelpteammembersgettoknoweachother,sharedetailsabouteachotherslives,andhavealaughtogether.  •Celebrateteamsuccessespublicly.Therearemanywaysyoucoulddothis,forinstancebybuyingeveryonethesameT-shirtorhat,puttingteammembernamesinadrawforcompanymerchandiseandgiftcertificates.Theonlythinglimitingyouisyourimagination.  Ifyoudothetypesofteamworkbuildinglistedabove,you’llbeamazedattheprogressyouwillmakeincreatingateamworkculture,aculturethatenablesindividualstocontributemorethantheyeverthoughtpossible—together.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Teambuildingeventistraditionallyrelatedtoplayinggamesatresort.T2.Theauthorclaimsthatplayinggamestogetherisasimportantasformteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocessesforteambuilding.F3.“Retreat”inthefirstparagraphmeanswithdrawaloftroopsafteradefeat.F4.Icebreakingmotivatesteammemberscompetewitheachother.F5.Agoodteamworkcultureenablesindividualsmakemoreeffortstogether.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—CouldIborrowyouriPadforafewhours?选择一项: B.Sure,hereyouare.Enjoyyourtime.题目3Regularandconcretefeedbackisimportant______whoisnotperforminguptoherpotential.选择一项:B.whendealingwithaworker题目4Teammembersare______asuniquepeoplewithirreplaceableexperiences,pointsofview,andknowledgetocontribute.选择一项:B.viewed题目5Inhighschool,Iamequallycomfortable______asamemberofateamandindependently.选择一项:B.working题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。ATeamworkGame  Ateamofabout35employeeshadcometogetherforateambuildingevent.Theywereayoung,brightandenthusiasticteam.However,oneoftheirchiefproblemswasthefactthattheywouldn’tshareinformationorsolutionswitheachother,andtheteamleaderthoughttheyweretoofocusedonthemselvesandnotontheteam.Asaresult,shebroughtthemallintothecafeteria.Allofthetablesandchairshadbeenstoredaway,andfundecorationsandhundredsofdifferentcoloredballoonshadbeenplacedaroundtheroom.  Inthecenteroftheroomwasabigboxofballoonsthathadn’tbeenblownupyet.Theteamleaderinstructedeverybodytopickaballoon,blowitup,andwritetheirnameonit,buttheyhadtobecarefulnottobursttheballoon.  Althoughtheyweregivenasecondchanceiftheirfirstballoonpopped,theywereoutofthegamethesecondtimeround.Intheend,about30teammemberswrotetheirnameswithouttheirballoonspopping.Theywerethenaskedtoleavetheroomand,afterfiveminutes,theteamleaderbroughtthembackinandaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.After15minutesofsearching,noonehadfoundtheirballoon, andtheteamweretoldthattheywerethengoingtomoveontothethirdroundoftheactivity.  Inthisround,eachteammemberwasinstructedtofindanyballoonwithanameonitandthengivethatballoontothepersonwhosenamewasonit.Withintwominutes,everybodyhadtheirownballoon.Theteamleadersummarizedtheactivitythus:“Wearemuchmoreefficientwhenwearewillingtosharewitheachotherandmuchbetteratproblemsolvingwhenweareworkingtogether,notindividually.”  Sometimes,membersofteamscreateobstaclesbyfocusingsolelyontheirownpursuitsandgoals.Everymemberoftheteamshouldaskthemselvesonaregularbasiswhattheyaredoingandwhattheycandofortheteam.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.ThisteambuildingeventwasaimedatB.makingtheteammembersknowhowtoshareinformationorsolutionsandcooperatewitheachother2.ThiseventwasheldinA.aself-servicerestaurant3.Abouthowmanyteammemberswereoutofthesecondroundoftheactivity?C.5.4.Whichstatementbelowiscorrect?C.Inthethirdround,everybodyhadtheirownballoonwithhelpfromotherswithin2minutes.5.Whatwastheeventgoingtoteachtheseemployees?A.Sharingandcooperatingwithotherteammembersismoreefficientwhentheyareworkingtogether.单元自测4第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目2—DoyoumindifIusevoucherstospendinarestaurant? 选择一项:B.Notatall.Goahead.题目3Theleader______atcreatingopportunitiestoproviderewards,recognitionandthankstohisorherstaff.选择一项:C.excels题目4______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Humanresourcessupportedtheproposalofgivingthebusinessintelligenceapayincentiveeverythreemonthsatthebeginning.F2.BradfromhumanresourcessupportsScott’sidea.T3.CarlottaisthemanagerofHRD.F4.Menandwomeninthebusinessintelligenceteamwhohavebeenselectedtogettheprizewillreceivethesamerewardingthings.F5.Theprize-winnercannotchoosetheprizethatcostsmorethan$500.7.Theprize-winnercanonlyhavematerialawardsandnodayoff.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Wow!Thisisafantasticproject!I’veneverknownyou’resocreative.选择一项:C.Thanksforyourcompliments.题目2—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目3______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目4Companiesare______interestedinyoursoftskills______theyareinyourhardskills.选择一项:B.as…as…题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowGoogleContinuestoKeepEmployeesHappy  WorkingforGoogleisadreamofmany,notjustbecauseofwhatthiscompanyhasachievedinthelast15years,butbecauseofitsenviableworkculture.Withabout37,000employeesin40countries,youmightwonderhowGooglemaintainsamotivatingworkexperiencethroughoutitsentirecompany.  WorkingforGooglecomeswithperksthatmostotherorganizationscan’tprovide–bowlingalleys,freehaircuts,gymmemberships,andshuttlestoandfromwork.Thecompany’ssecrettosuccessisputtingthesameamountoftimeandeffortintokeepingemployeeshappyasitdoesintoinnovatingproducts.   Backwhenthecompanywasjustastart-up,co-foundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinhadthegoalofmakingGoogleaplacethemosttalentedpeoplewantedtoworkat.Theirideawassimple:creatingaworkculturethatkeepsemployeeshappywillmotivatethemtodotheirbestandwillkeepthemloyaltothecompany.  “It’slessabouttheaspirationtobeNo.1intheworld,andmorethatwewantouremployeesandfutureonestoloveithere,becausethat’swhat’sgoingtomakeussuccessful,”saidKarenMay,theVicePresidentofpeopledevelopmentatGoogle.  Googlealsomakesitsemployeeswanttoworkbecausemanagersprovidetasksthatareinspiringandchallenging.EveryemployeeatGooglehastheopportunitytospend20%ofhisorherworkingtimeonaprojecttheychoose.Thisfreedomtakesemployeesoutoftheirroutineandawayfromthemundanetasksthatoftenmakeworkersfeeluninspiredabouttheirjobs.  Lastly,Googleshowseachemployeejusthowimportantheorsheistothecompany.Eachemployee,regardlessofherspotonthetotempole,hasaninfluenceonhowGoogleperforms.  “Ifyouvaluepeople,andcareaboutthemaswholepeople,onethingyoudoisgivingthemavoice,andyoureallylisten,”Maysaid.  GoogledoesjustthatbyhostingemployeeforumseveryFriday,wheretheydiscussthe20most-askedquestions.Employeeshaveaccesstoallcompanyinformation,addingasenseoftrust,andemployeesandleadersworktogethertosolveproblems.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.HowwouldyoudescribeGoogle?B.Largeglobalenterprises2.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtothemethodsthatGooglemotivateitsemployees?A.PromotingtheemployeewhohasmoreinfluenceonGooglethehigherjobposition.3.WhofoundedGoogle?A.LarryPageandSergeyBrin4.IfyouareanormalemployeeofGoogle,whatcouldyoudoEXCEPT?B.Onlyworkfortheprojectyouchoose.5.WhatisGoogle’ssecrettosuccess?C.Valuingthehappinessofitsemployeesasmuchasinnovatinggoodproducts.单元自测5第一套 一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Whydidn’tyoucometomybirthdaypartyyesterday?选择一项:B.Sorry,butmywifehadacaraccident.题目3Myleathershoescostme________thelastpairsIbought.选择一项:C.threetimesasmuchas题目4Theworkmenwantto________thenumberofworkinghoursandtoincreasepay.选择一项:B.decrease题目5Lindawalkedatthehead,________byhercolleagues.选择一项:A.followed题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。PerformanceManagementandPerformanceAppraisal  Performancemanagementaimstoacknowledgeemployeeachievements,supporttheirpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment,andmotivateandempowerthemtoperformtheirworkeffectively.Performancemanagementhelpsemployeestodeveloptheirunderstanding,knowledgeandskillssothattheycancontributetotheachievementoftheenterprise’sgoalsandgainpersonalandjobsatisfaction.Itisavitalpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.  Everyenterprisewantsandshouldexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.Theelementsofacompetency-basedperformancemanagementsystemwill,ifimplementedwell,enablehigh performancewhichwilldefineenterpriseandpersonalsuccess.Usingperformancemanagementprocesses,anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallenges.Thisisdoneby:  ●identifyingthecriticalpositions  ●determiningthemostimportantcompetenciesforthosepositions  ●providingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees  ●holdingeachpersonaccountablefortheirresults  Thekeytotheperformancemanagementprocessis‘performanceappraisal’.Performanceappraisalissimplyanevaluationofhowwellanemployeeperformshisorherjobcomparedtoasetofpredeterminedstandards.Itisasystematicprocessoffeedbackonanemployee’sworkperformance,andagreementtofuturetrainingplans,jobgoalsandjobaspirations.  Tobeeffective,aperformanceappraisalneedstohaveasetofagreedcriteriathatwillbethebasisoffeedbackaswellasofsettingfuturegoals.Unitsofcompetencyprovideaveryeffectivetoolforsettingbenchmarksorcriteriaforworkperformance.Theperformancecriteriawithinunitsofcompetencycanbeusedasmeasurestoassessagainstinaperformanceappraisalorreview.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Performancemanagementisaveryimportantpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.T2.Theaimofperformancemanagementistopunishtheunqualifiedemployees.F3.Anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallengesbyprovidingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees,forexample.T4.Everyenterprisecanexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.F5.“Performancemanagement”isalsocalled“performanceappraisal”.F第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Over-the-top?Youmean…选择一项: A.Well,sometimesyourco-workersfeelthatyouaretooloud.题目3Theyhavecometotheconclusion________thiswinterwillbeevencolderthanbefore.选择一项:A.that题目4Pleaseaskthesolicitorwhathis________wouldbetotakethecasetocourt.选择一项:B.fee题目5Achild’scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhishome________.选择一项:B.environment题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowtoHandleaBadPerformanceReview  Gettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopeless.Butit’snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong,youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature,adultmanner.Herearesomesuggestions:  Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially,donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besides,thepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.  WhattoDoWhenReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  It’sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.  WhattoDoAfterReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  Don’tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.Itisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththe bedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.  WaystoImproveaBadPerformanceReview  Awaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Staycalmandlistencarefully.2.Whatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Learnfromthereview.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudonotagreewiththebadperformancereview?B.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.4.HowdoyouimproveabadperformancereviewA.Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.5.Whyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?B.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.单元自测6第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Whichofthesehatsdoyouwant?—_______.Eitherwilldo.选择一项:A.Idon’tmind题目2—Ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,nooneelsewill.—_____.Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项: C.Icouldn’tagreemore题目3Redundancyhappenswhenemployeesneedto_____theirworkforce.Andasaresult,someonegetsdismissedfromwork.选择一项:C.reduce题目4Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  OnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzed(瘫痪)fromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofdisabilitywithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe“haves”tothe“have-nots”.Orsowethought.  Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusethemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith“funny”ifweneedalaugh,ortothe“disabled”boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou. 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIhavethreedaysoffnextweek,Mr.Smith?—_____.Icanmanagewithoutyou.选择一项:B.Ofcourse题目2—I’mgoingtoBeijingforafewdays.—_______.IwishIcouldgowithyou.选择一项:C.Ireallyenvyyou题目3Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目4All_____glitters(闪闪发光)isnotgold.选择一项:A.that题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。JackWelchLeadingOrganizationalChangeatGE  WhenJackWelch,theChairmanandCEOatGeneralElectric(GE)retiredin2001,hecouldlookbackataverysuccessfulcareer.HebecameCEOin1981attheageof45.Atthattime,GEhadaverycomplexorganizationalstructurewithconsiderablybureaucraticrules.  Oneofhisfirstchangeswastoinitiateastrategyformulationprocesswiththeguideline thateachofthebusinessesshouldbenumber1or2intheirrespectiveareas.Ifthiswasnotthecase,managershadtheoptionsoffixingtheproblem,sellingtheirparticularbusiness,orclosingit.Inanefforttostreamlinetheorganization,Welchremovedthesectorlevelandeliminatedthousandsofsalariedandhourlyemployeepositions.  TherestructuringwasfollowedbychangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.OnesuchprogramwastheWork-Out(群策群力).Groupsofmanagerswereassembledtosharetheirviewsopenlyinthree-daysessions.Atthebeginningofthemeetings,thesuperiorpresentedthechallengesforhisorherorganizationalunit.Thenthesuperiorhadtoleave,requestingthegroupstofindsolutionstotheproblems.Facilitators(会议主持人)helpedthesediscussions.Onthelastday,thesuperiorwaspresentedwithproposedsolutions.Heorshethenhadthreechoices:toaccepttheproposal,nottoacceptit,ortocollectmoreinformation.Thisprocessputgreatpressureonthesuperiortomakedecisions.  AnotherprogramtoimproveeffectivenessandefficiencywasBestPractices.Theaimwastolearnfromothercompanieshowtheyobtainedcustomersatisfaction,howtheyrelatedtotheirsuppliers,andinwhatwaystheydevelopednewproducts.ThishelpedtheGEpeopletofocusontheprocessesintheiroperationsthatwouldimprovethecompany’sperformance.  JackWelchwaspersonallyinvolvedindevelopingmanagersatGE’strainingcenterinCrotonville.Leaders,Welchsuggested,arenotonlythosewhoachieveresultsbutalsothosewhosharethevaluesofthecompany.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.JackWelchretiredattheageof65.T2.JackWelchinsistedthateachofthebusinessesshouldbeatleastnumber3intheirrespectivearea.F3.IfthebusinesscouldnotmeetWelch’schangerequirements,itsmanagerhad3choices.T4.TherestructuringwentbeforechangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.T5.TheWorkOutlastedaweek.F单元自测7第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Terriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourdictionary?—Yes,______________.选择一项:A.ofcourse题目2—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目3Allthe_____guestsareseatedinthefrontrow.选择一项:C.distinguished题目4______onthehilltop,youcouldenjoythesceneryofthecitybathedinthesun.选择一项:A.Standing题目5______theimportanceofEnglish,weshouldputmoreeffortintoitandtrytolearnitwell.选择一项:A.Given题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Twodifferentcorporateculturesarediscussedinthedialog.T2.Melinda’scompanyalsohasacreativeculture.F3.AccordingtoJack,theimportantthingistohiretherightemployeesinthefirstplace.T4.Inacreativecultureteamworkisnotencouraged.F5.Acreativecultureisbetterthanacollaborativeculture.F 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目2—TheAutoShowintheCityStadiumhasbeencanceled.—Oh,no!_________选择一项:A.Whatapity!题目3Thereason_____hewasabsentfromclassyesterdaywasthathewasillandhospitalized.选择一项:B.why题目4Compared______English,Chineseisgenerallybelievedtobemoredifficulttolearn.选择一项:A.with题目5Whatcanweexpect____him?选择一项:B.from题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  Whatismuseum?Amuseumisagoodplacetokeepoldandbeautifulthings.Amuseummaybeaplacetolearnaboutscience.AmuseumcanbeaplaceaboutartofIndiansoranimals.Whatisinsideamuseum?Somemuseumshaveoldcarsandairplanes.Manymuseumshavepicturesandstatues(雕像).Othershaverocksandoldbones.Onemuseumevenhasacoalmineinside!Many citieshavemuseums.Someverysmalltownshavemuseums,too.Indianapolishasachildren’smuseum.Childrendonothavetopaytogetin.Childrengotothemuseumoften.Theyliketolookatthedinosaurbones.Theyseeawhitebeartenfeettall.Theygoinsideanoldlogcabin(小木屋).OnSaturday,Indianapolischildrencanheartalksaboutanimalsandtrees.Theyseemovies.单元自测8第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyoudon’t.—____________________Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项:C.Icouldn’tagreemore.题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3please______yourhandifyouhaveanyquestionatall.选择一项:A.raise题目4We________withachievement.选择一项:B.areobsessed题目5Whenpeoplearesurroundedby______communicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.选择一项:B.constant题目6 二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowDoYouCreateaCultureofInnovation?  Haveyounoticedthecourageburiedinthewordencourage?Tocreateacultureinwhichinnovationflourishestakescourage.Determinedinnovatorsarealwayscourageousenoughtoestablishacultureinwhichinnovationisgreatlyencouragedandrewarded.Herearethreewaystodothat.  Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Thinkofinnovationstrategyasapyramid:bigbetsatthetop,afewprojectsindevelopmentinthemiddle,andabroadbaseofcontinuousimprovements,lastingcontributions,andearly-stagenewideasatthebottom.  Definejobsaroundinnovation.Makeitajobprerequisite.Consider3M’smovetobecomeoneofthefirstcompaniestotellprofessionalsthattheycouldspend15percentoftheirtimeonprojectsoftheirownchoosing.Nowmanyhigh-techcompaniesknowthattheycan’tgetthebesttalentwithoutprovidingthiskindofflexibility.Andsomeofthoseself-selected,self-organizedprojectsmightevenresultinablockbusterproductorlineofbusiness.For3M,itwasthePost-itnote.  Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Tobuildacultureofcreativityandinnovation,Gillettedevelopedaninnovationfairinwhicheveryunitcouldshowoffitsmostpromisingnewconcepts.Itshowsthateveryonehasaroletoplayinacultureofinnovation.  Togofromideatosuccessfulinnovationrequiresagreatdealofsupportandcollaboration.Whenpeoplearesurroundedbyconstantcommunicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatisnecessaryincreatinginnovationculture?B.courage2.Howdoes3Mcreateitsinnovationculture?B.definejobsaroundinnovation.3.Thewordprerequisitein“Makeitajobprerequisite”meansA.requiredasapriorcondition4.HowdoesGillettecreateitsinnovationculture?C.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany. 5.TheformationfromideatoinnovationneedsC.supportandcooperation第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—It’saboutasuccessfulbusinessman’smanagementexperience,isn’tit?选择一项:B.That’sright!题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3______wecan’tcompeteintermsofsizeIdobelieveweholdanadvantageintermsofdedicationtocustomerservice.选择一项:C.Although题目4Thekey______successfulimplementationisclearlycommunicatingthestrategytothewholecompany.选择一项:A.to题目5Weneed________communicationskills:listencarefully,thinkbeforeyouspeakandmanageconflictsdiplomatically.选择一项:A.outstanding题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。   ThiseveningImetafriendatalocalbar.Shebroughtherlaptopalongsoshecouldshowmesomeofherlatestdigitalartdesigns.Aswelookedthroughherartwork,thelaptopsuddenlystartedmakinganunhealthynoise,thenthescreentwinkledonandoffandthencutoffcompletely.Andaswebothstaredatoneanothersurprisingly,theterriblesmelloffriedcomputercircuitsappeared.  Igrabbedthelaptopoffthebartoinspectitandtheprobleminstantlyaroseitself.Thebottomofthelaptopwascompletelywetandempty,spiltwaterglassrestedagainstthesideofherpursejustbehindwherethelaptopwassitting.Whilewewerechattingandshiftingthelaptop’s17inchscreenbackandforth,wesomehowspiltaglassofwaterthatthewaiterhadinadvertently(无意地)placedbehindthescreen,whichwasoutofourview.  Whenlifethrowsidsometroubleslikethis,ittypicallydoesn’tmakeanysensetous,andournaturalemotionalreactionmightgetextremelyupsetatthetopofourlungs.Buthowdoesthishelpourdilemma?Obviously,itdoesn’t.  Thesmartestandhardestthingwecandointhesekindsofsituationsistobemoretemperedinourreaction.You’dbemuchwiserandmoredisciplinedthanscreamextremely.Youshouldrememberthatemotionalrageonlymakesmattersworse.Andpleaserememberthatonceithappens,thatwillgiveusanopportunitytogrowstronger.  Everydifficultmomentinourlivesisaccompaniedbyanopportunityforpersonalgrowthandcreativity.Butinordertoattainthisgrowthandcreativity.  Wemustfirstlearntocontrolouremotions.Wemustrecognizethatdifficultiespasslikeeverythinginourlife.
简介:2022年国家开放大学电大《基础会计》和《管理英语4》合集网络核心课形考网考作业及答案最新国家开放大学电大《基础会计》期末试题题库及答案(试卷号2003)考试说明:本人根据学员的需求汇总了历年来所有的期末试题及答案,形成了一个单项选择题、多项选择题、简答题的标准考试题库,对考生的复习和考试起着非常重要的作用,会给您节省大量的时间。做考题时,利用本文档中的查找工具(Ctrl+F),把考题中的关键字输到查找工具的查找内容框内,就可迅速查找到该题答案。本文库还有其他网核、机考及教学考一体化试题答案,敬请查看。一、单项选择题1.“决策有用观”是一种关于()的观点。A.会计目标2.()是会计的主要内容,是会计的基础。A.会计核算3.下列不属于会计要素的是()。D.成本4.下列经济业务中,会引起一项兔愤减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款5.在借贷记账法下,资产类账户的结构特点是()。A.借方记增加,贷方记减少,余额在借方6.“限额领料单”按其填制方法属于()。B.累计凭证7.当经济业务只涉及货币资金相互间的收付时,一般填制()。B.付款凭证8.登记日记账的方式是按照经济业务发生的时间先后顺序进行()。A.逐日逐笔登记9.明细账从账簿的外表形式上看一般采用()账簿。B.活页式10.在实地盘存制下,平时在账簿中对财产物资()。A.只记增加数,不记减少数11.“未达账项”是指单位与银行之间由于结算凭证传递的时间不同而造成的()。 C.一方已经人账,而另一方尚未登记人账的账项12.财产清查中发现某种材料盘亏时,在报经批准处理以前应作会计分录为()。B.借;待处理财产损溢贷:原材料13.下列不属于对外会计报表的是()。D.产品生产成本表14.个别会计报表与合并会计报表是会计报表按照()进行的分类。D.会计主体15.会计信息应当能够反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量,满足会计信息使用者的需要,这是会计核算的()。B.相关性原则16.下列不属于会计循环的业务是()。A.编制预算报告17.下列不属于会计核算基本前提的是()。C.权责发生制18.记账凭证核算形式的特点是直接根据各种记账凭证逐笔登记()。C.总分类账19.企业在进行会计核算时选择一种“不多计资产或收益,少计负债或费用”的会计处理方法,所遵循的是()。C.谨慎性原则20.“资产=负债+所有者权益”这一会计恒等式的右端,两个因素的位置()。A.不能颠倒21.下列经济业务中,会引起一项负债减少,而另一项负债增加的经济业务是()。C.以银行借款偿还应付账款22.下列会计科目中属于负债类科目的是()。B.预提费用23.()既反映了会计要素间的基本数量关系,同时也是复式记账法的理论依据。D.会计恒等式24.在借贷记账法下,负债类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少.余额在贷方25.按照账户的用途和结构分类,“固定资产”账户属于()。 A.盘存账户26.记账以后,如发现记账错误是由于记账凭证所列会计科目或记账方向有误引起的,应采用()进行错账更正。D.红字更正法27.下列属于静态报表的是()。C.资产负债表28.“应付账款”账户的期初余额为8000元,本期贷方发生额为12000元,期末余额为6000元,则该账户的本期借方发生额为()。B.14000元29.在借贷记账法下,所有者权益类账户的结构特点是()。B.贷方记增加,借方记减少,余额在贷方30.按照账户的经济内容分类,“原材料”账户属于()。A.流动资产账户31.其全部指标均依据有关账户余额填列的会计报表是()。A.资产负债表32.在进行会计核算时,应将企业财产与其他单位及投资者财产区别开来,是会计核算基本前提中关于()的要求。A.会计主体33.资产负债表的资产项目,说明了企业所拥有的各种经济资源以及企业()。A.偿还债务的能力34.清查银行存款所采用的方法一般是()。D.对账单法35.下列单据中属于外来原始凭证的有()。D.购货发票36.复式记账法是对每一笔经济业务,都以相等的金额在()中进行登记。D.两个或两个以上的账户37.所有者权益类账户的期末余额是根据()计算。C.贷方期末余额=贷方期初余额十贷方本期发生额一借方本期发生额38.下列引起资产内部此增彼减的交易、事项是()。B.收回赊销款存入银行64.按经济内容分类,“制造费用”账户属于()账户。‘ A.成本类39.将现金存入银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证40.企业用现金支付某职工报销的市内交通费78元,会计人员编制的付款凭证为借记管理费用87元,贷记现金87元,并登记入账。对当年发生的该项记账错误应采用的更正方法是()。B.红字更正法41.计提资产减值准备,体现了会计信息质量要求中的()。C.谨慎性42.资产负债表结构设置的依据是()。C.资产=负债十所有者权益43.利润表中的“净利润”是根据企业的()扣除所得税费用后的净额。C.利润总额44.我国企业会计准则的制定机构是()。C.财政部45.根据现有的发现,我国会计一职最早出现在()。A.西周时期46.会计的反映职能不包括()。B.主观性47.利润是企业在一定期间的()。C.经营成果48.正确的会计等式是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益49.下列账户中与负债账户结构相同的是()账户。D.所有者权益50.简单会计分录的特征是()。C.一借一贷51.下列账户中,期末需直接结转到“本年利润”账户的是()。A.管理费用52.下列人员工资中,通过“管理费用”科目核算的是()。C.企业管理人员工资53.下列明细账中,可以采用数量金额式账页的是()。 A.库存商品明细分类账54.下列报表中,其结构有账户式和报告式的是()。B.资产负债表55.下列各项中属于所有者权益的是(.)。D.未分配利润56.复式记账法的基本理论依据是()。A.资产=负债十所有者权益57.某企业购进材料一批,买价15000元,运输费600元,入库前整理挑选费400元。该批材料的采购成本是()。C.16000元58.下列属于制造企业其他业务收入的是()。D.出售材料收入59.会计凭证分为原始凭证和记账凭证,其分类标准是()。C.按其填制的程序和用途不同60.下列账簿中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账61.下列各项中,属于会计法律的是()。C.《中华人民共和国会计法》62.财产所有权与管理权相分离情况下,会计的根本目标是()。A.完成受托责任92.会计对象的具体化,可称为()。B.会计要素63.在借贷记账法中,账户的哪一方记录增加数,哪一方记录减少数是由()决定的。B.账户性质64.以下各账户中属于费用账户的是()。B.财务费用65.限额领料单属于()。B.累计凭证66.下列各项中应建立备查簿登记的是()。B.经营性租人固定资产67.某企业本月收到A公司偿还上月所欠货款5 000元存入银行,下列账务处理中的哪一种符合权责发生制要求()。B.借:银行存款5000贷:应收账款500068.财务报表编制的依据是()。D.账簿69.我国企业会计准则分为三个层次,它们是()。A.基本准则、具体准则和应用指南70.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的是()。A.资产类账户借方登记增加额71.采购员报销950元差旅费,出纳员又补付其现金150元并结清其暂借款,这项业务应编制()。D.付款凭证和转账凭证72.我国最新的企业会计准则实施于()。A.2007年73.下列各项中属于流动资产的有()。A.应收账款74.账户是根据()在账簿中开设的记账单元。C.会计科目75.账户中各项金额的关系可以用()表示。A.期末余额一期初余额十本期增加发生额一本期减少发生额76.下列项目中属于营业外收入的是()。C固定资产出售净收益77.将现金存人银行这笔业务,按规定应编制()。B.现金付款凭证125.下列账户中与负债类账户结构相同的是()。B.所有者权益类账户78.目前,我国会计核算中收付实现制的应用范围是()。D.行政单位和事业单位中除经营业务以外的业务79.会计对经济活动进行综合反映,主要是利用()。A.货币量度80.会计科目是对()的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。C.会计要素 81.企业结转已销售产品的成本时,应()。B.贷记“库存商品”账户82.收款凭证左上角“借方科目”后应填写()科目。B.银行存款或库存现金83.会计的基本职能是()。A.反映和控制84.下列不应当直接计入当期损益的是()。D.制造费用85.能够提供企业某一类经济业务增减变化较为详细会计信息的账簿是()。A.明细分类账86.采用收付实现制,由于没有将各个会计期间所实现的收入和为实现收入所应负担的费用进行配比,因而也就不能正确计算各期的()。D.经营成果87.目前,我国会计核算中权责发生制的应用范围是()。D.企业会计和事业单位中的经营业务88.下列账薄中可以采用卡片账的是()。D.固定资产明细账89.在一些规模小、会计业务简单的单位,应()。B.在其他有关机构中设置会计人员90.在实际成本法下,用来归集记人材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。C.“在途物资”91.张华是公司的总经理,其出差报销差旅费10000元,应记入()账户。D.管理费用92.已知某企业营业收入300万元,营业成本200万,管理费用20万元,财务费用10万元,销售费用5万元,营业外收入8万元。填人利润表中的营业利润是()。B.65万元93.“应收账款”账户所属明细账户期末如果出现贷方余额,应填人资产负债表的项目是()。B.预收账款94.某企业某年10月份“原材料”账户期末余额为100000元,“库存商品”账户期末余额为120000元,“生产成本”账户期末余额为30000元,“固定资产”账户期末余额为200000元。资产负债表中的存货项目应填入()。 B.250000元95.资产负债表是反映企业()财务状况的报表。D.某一特定日期96.支付职工差旅费发生的现金流出属于()。C.经营活动的现金流出97.按照现行规定,我国上市公司年报应于年度终了后()内对外报告。C.4个月98.在供应过程中,在实际成本法下,用来归集记录材料买价和采购费用,计算材料采购成本的账户是()。A.“在途物资”99.“利润分配”账户在年终结算后出现借方余额,表示()。A.未弥补的亏损额100.我国现行《会计法》是从()开始实施的。C.1985年5月1日二、多项选择题1.所有者权益的构成项目有()。A.实收资本B.资本公积C.盈余公积D.未分配利润E.应收账款2.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。B.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料6500C.借:生产成本8000D.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款50003.各种原始凭证必须具备的基本内容有()。A.凭证的名称B.经济业务事项名称、数量、单价和金额C.填制凭证单位名称或者填制人姓名E.填制凭证的日期4.登账时遇到下列情况应用红色墨水书写()。 A.在不设减少金额栏的多栏式账页中,登记减少数C.在三栏式账户的余额栏前,如未印明余额方向的,在余额栏内登记负数金额5.会计报表应当包括()。A.现金流量表B.相关附表C.资产负债表D.利润表6.下列各项中属于收益性支出的是()。A.购进商品B.购进原材料D.购进办公用品E.支付短期借款利息7.下列资产负债表项目中,需根据账户余额减去其备抵项目后的净额填列的有()B.短期投资D.存货E.应收账款9.总分类账和明细分类账平行登记的要点有()。A.登记的依据相同C.登记的方向一致E.登记的金额相同11.下列会计等式正确的有()。A.资产=权益B.资产=负债十所有者权益十净收益C.资产=负债+所有者权益E.资产=负债+所有者权益+(收入-费用)12.下列会计分录中属于复合会计分录的有()。A.借:生产成本8000B.借:长期投资13000制造费用2000贷:原材料8000贷:累计折旧10000银行存款5000E.借:生产成本5000制造费用1500贷:原材料650013.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于跨期摊提账户的有()。B.预提费用E.待摊费用14.会汁凭证包括()。A.原始凭证B.记账凭证15.企业从银行提取现金5000元备用,此项业务应在()中登记。 A.现金日记账B.银行存款日记账C.总分类账16.会计账簿按其外表形式不同可分为()。C.订本式账簿D.活页式账簿E.卡片式账簿17.记账凭证的基本内容包括()。A.凭证的名称和编号B.经济业务事项摘要C.会计科目的名称、方向和金额D.凭证填制的日期和有关人员的签章E.所附原始凭证张数18.在借贷记账法下,账户贷方登记的内容有()B.资产的减少C.负债及所有者权益的增加19.按照账户的用途和结构分类,下列账户中属于调整账户的有(C.累计折旧D.坏账准备E.利润分配20.收入的取得可能会影响下列哪些会计要素()。A.资产B.负债D.所有者权益E.利润21.下列各项中,属于期间费用的有()。C.管理费用D.销售费用E.财务费用22.下列经济业务中,会引起会计等式左右两方同时发生增减变化的有(A.投资者投入货币资本B.以存款归还借款E.购进材料款未付23.下列各项中属于会计核算基本前提的有()。A.会计主体B.持续经营C.货币计量D.会计分期24.对账包括()。C.账簿与凭证核对D.账簿与账簿核对E.账簿与实物核对25.下列各项中属于会计核算方法的有()。A.复式记账B.填制和审核会计凭证D.设置会计科目和账户26.未达账项有以下几种情况()。A.本单位已记存款增加,银行尚未记账B.本单位巳记存款减少,银行尚未记账 C.银行已记存款增加,本单位尚未记账D.银行已记存款减少,本单位尚未记账27·财产清查中应采用实地盘点法进行清查的资产主要有()A.固定资产B.产成品D.库存现金28.会计方法应包括()。A.会计核算方法B.会计分析方法C.会计预测方法D.会计决策方法E.会计考评方法29.下列项目中,应计人“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C.提供劳务的收入30.账户的结构一般应包括()等内容。()A.账户名称B.日期和摘要C.凭证编号D.增加和减少的金额E.余额31.以下各项应在“营业税金及附加”账户核算的有()。B.消费税C.营业税D.教育费附加E.城市维护建设税32.资产负债表中货币资金项目编制的依据有()。A.库存现金B.银行存款C.其他货币资金33.资产的确认条件有()。A.与该资源有关的经济利益很可能流入企业C该资源的成本或者价值能够可靠地计量34.下列项目中,属于会计科目的有()。A.固定资产C.原材料E.累计折旧35.关于“本年利润”账户,下列说法正确的是()。A.借方登记期末转入的各项费用B.贷方登记期末转入的各项收入c.贷方余额为本年实现的利润额D.借方余额为本年发生的亏损额E.年终结算后无余额36.财务报表按其编报时间不同,可分为()。 C年度报表D.中期报表37.每一笔会计分录都包括()。A.账户名称B.记账方向C.金额38.借贷记账法下的试算平衡公式有()。C.全部账户借方发生额合计一全部账户贷方发生额合计D.全部账户借方余额合计一全部账户贷方余额合计39.企业实现的净利润应进行下列分配()。C.提取法定盈余公积金D.提取任意盈余公积金E.向投资人分配利润40.利润表中的“营业收入”应根据()之和来填列。A.主营业务收入B.其他业务收入41.下列属于会计法规体系的有()。A.会计法B.会计行政法规C.企业会计准则D.统一会计制度42.会计计量的属性有()。A.历史成本B.重置成本C.可变现净值D.现值E.公允价值43.下列项目中,应计入“收入”要素的有()。A.销售产品的收入B.销售材料的收入C提供劳务的收入44.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.资产的增加B.负债的减少C.收入的转销D.费用成本的增加45.会计核算方法包括()。A.填制和审核凭证B.登记账簿C.成本计算D.编制财务报表E.财产清查46.费用的发生可能会引起()。A.负债的增加B.资产的减少 C.所有者权益的减少47.下列可以用来作为分配材料采购费用标准的有(B.材料的体积C.材料的买价D.材料的重量48.在借贷记账法下,下列各项中说法正确的有(A.资产类账户借方登记增加额B.资产类账户贷方登记减少额C.负债类账户借方登记减少额E.收入类账户贷方登记增加额49.下列费用中,属于期间费用的是()。B.销售费用C.管理费用D.财务费用50.投资者投入的资本,依据投资者的身份不同可以是(A.国家资本金B.个人资本金C.法人资本金E.外商资本金51.确定存货账面结存数量的方法有()。A.永续盘存制B.实地盘存制E.技术推算法52.下列不等式中,在不同情况下成立的有()答案:ABCD53.下列账户中,在期末结账后有余额的是()。A.生产成本B.在途物资54.企业分配工资费用时,应贷记“应付职工薪酬”科目,借记以下有关科目()。A.生产成本B.制造费用C.管理费用D.销售费用 55.权责发生制要求()。A.凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表B.凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用56.企业会计人员的主要职责有()。A.进行会计核算B.实行会计监督C.拟定本单位办理会计事务的具体办法D.参与拟定经济计划、业务计划,考核、分析预算、财务计划的执行情况57.会计核算是指会计工作收集、加工,储存和揭示会计信息的过程,这个过程由以下几个环节构成()。A.记录B.报告C.确认D.计量58.企业的留存收益包括()。A.未分配利润B.盈余公积59.借贷记账法中的“借”字表示()。A.收入的转销B.费用筏本的增加C.资产的增加D.负债的减少160.资产负债表的左方包括()等项目。A.存货B.商誉C.货币资金三、简答题1.试简要说明会计的特点。答:会计的特点是指会计和其他经济核算的不同点。由于会计核算是会计的基本环节,会计的特点主要体现在会计核算方面,它有三个基本特点;(1)以货币为主要计量尺度,具有综合性;(2)会计核算具有完整性、连续性和系统性;(3)会计核算要以凭证为依据,并严格遵守会计规范。2.实地盘存制的概念、优缺点及其适用范围是什么?答:(1) 概念。实地盘存制又称“定期盘存制”,是指平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数的一种存货核算方法。(2)优缺点。实地盘存制的优点是可以简化日常核算工作。主要缺点有两点:一是不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货的增加、减少和结余情况;二是倒挤出的销售成本不一定符合实际情况,可能包括一部分损失或差错,因而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。(3)适用范围。实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。3.会计循环的基本内容是什么?答:会计循环一般由下列步骤构成:第一,根据经济业务的实际发生和完成的真实情况编制必要的会计分录。第二,根据每笔会计分录所确定的应借、应贷金额,分别过人各有关总分类账户和明细分类账户之中。第三,根据会计等式的平衡关系来检查、验证会计分录和过账工作有无错误。第四,根据权责发生制和配比原则的要求,按照收入、费用的归属期,对账簿记录进行必要的调整。第五,根据分类账各账户提供的会计数据和会计主体财产清查的结果,在每一个会计期末进行对账。第六,根据一定时期内全部入账的经济业务的内容,将各种账簿记录结计清楚,即结出本期发生额和期末余额。第七,根据分类账户中有关账户的发生额和各账户的期末余额,编制损益表、资产负债表、现金流量表等会计报表及其财务状况说明书。4.简要说明总分类账与明细分类账的关系及其平行登记的要点。答:(1)总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系,又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的内在联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。(2)总分类账和明细分类账的平行登记包括以下几个要点:①登记的依据相同;②登记的方向一致;③登记的金额相等。5.试简要说明复式记账法的概念及其优点。答:复式记账法就是对于每一笔经济业务所引起的会计要素及其项目的增减变动,都以相等的金额,在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行登记的记账方法。复式记账法的优点有两个:一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。 6.试简要说明原始凭证与记账凭证的相同与不同之处。答:相同点:两者都是会计凭证。不同点:①作用不同。原始凭证是填制记账凭证的依据;汇账凭证是登记账簿的依据。②内容不同。原始凭证说明经济业务的发生或完成情况,是会计核算的原始资料;记账凭证主要确定会计分录。③填制人员不同。原始凭证—·般由业务经办人员填制,记账凭证山会计人员填制。7.什么是会计的职能?会计的基本职能有哪些?各自有什么特点?答:会计的职能是指会计所具有的功能。(1分)其基本职能是反映和控制。(1分)(1)会计反映职能具有以下特点:①会计提供的信息主要是通过货币形式来反映的(1分)②会计提供的信息具有客观性和可验证性(1分)③会计的反映具有连续性和综合性(1分)(2)会计的控制职能具有以下特点:①会计控制具有强制性和严肃性(1分)②会计控制具有适时性、连续性和全面性(1分)8.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?其适用范围是什么?答:永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。(3分)在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。(1分)实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数-然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计入账簿。(3分)实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。(1分)9.什么是会计科目?什么是账户?二者有什么联系与区别?答:会计科目就是对会计要素的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。账户是根据会计科目在账簿中开设的记账单元。二者的相同点是它们所反映的会计对象的具体内容是相同的。二者的区别是:(1)会计科目仅仅是指账户的名称,而账户除了有名称(会计科目)外,它还具有一定的格式、结构,具体表现为若干账页,是用来记录经济业务的载体;(2分) (2)会计科目是会计核算前,事先确定的对经济业务分类核算的项目,账户是经济业务发生之后,进行分类、连续登记的一种手段。(2分)10.什么是财务报表?其基本内容有哪些?答:财务报表是对企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的结构性表述。(2分)财务报表的主要内容由表头、表身和表外说明三部分组成。(2分)表头内容包括报表名称、报表编制单位名称、时间(或会计期间)、报表编号和计量单位五部分。(2分)表身是报表最重要的部分,它由一系列相互联系的经济指标组成。(1分)表外说明是对表身未反映的事项进行补充或对表身未能详细反映的内容作必要的解释。(1分)11.什么是会计凭证?其有何作用?有哪些种类?答:会计凭证是记录经济业务、明确经济责任的书面证明,也是登记账簿的依据。正确地填制、合法地取得和严格地审核会计凭证,是会计循环的初始环节,也是会计核算的基本方法,对于完成会计工作具有十分重要的意义,其主要作用体现在以下三个方面:(1)及时、正确地反映经济业务完成情况;(2)明确经济责任,强化单位内部控制;(3)加强经济监督,控制经济运行。会计凭证是多种多样的,按照填制程序和用途不同,可以分为原始凭证和记账凭证。12.什么是权责发生制和收付实现制?两者的区别何在?其各自的适用范围是什么?答:权责发生制又称为应收应付制或应计制,是指以是否取得收到现金的权利或发生支付现金的责任即权责的发生为标志来确认本期收入和费用以及债权和债务。权责发生制基础要求,凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,无论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用,计入利润表;凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用。收付实现制又称为现收现付制或现金制,是与权责发生制相对应的一种会计基础,它是以实际收到或支付现金的时间来确认会计期间的收入、费用。收付实现制基础要求,凡是当期收到和支付的现金,都作为当期的收入和费用,计人利润表;凡是当期没有实际收到和付出现金,都不记录本期收入和费用。权责发生制与收付实现制的区别在于对收入、费用人账时间的确认不一样。13.什么是复式记账法?复式记账法有什么优缺点?答:复式记账法是对发生每一笔经济业务所引起会计要素的增减变动,以相等的金额同时在两个或两个以上的账户中相互联系地进行记录的一种方法。(3分)复式记账法的优点有两个: 一是可以了解每一笔经济业务引起的资金运动的来龙去脉,通过全部经济业务的会计记录和数据,可以了解经济活动的过程和结果。(2分)二是可以利用账户记录进行试算平衡,检查账户记录的正确性。(2分)14.为什么企业要进行期末账项调整?其包括哪几种类型?答:按照权责发生制基础的要求,不论款项是否支付,凡是本会计期间已经实现的收入和应该负担的费用都要计入本期的收入和费用,凡是不属于本期收入和本期应该负担的费用,即使相关款项已经收付,也不能计入本会计期间的收入和费用。因此,每个会计期末都要对已经人账和没有人账的相关收入、费用进行必要的调整,以便正确计算本期损益。(4分)账项调整的内容有五种类型:应计收入的调整;预收收入的调整;应计费用的调整;预付费用的调整;其他账项的调整。(4分)15.总分类账与明细分类账的联系与区别是什么?答:总分类账与明细分类账是既有内在联系、又有区别的两类账户。二者之间的联系主要表现在:①所反映的经济业务的内容相同;②登记账簿的原始依据相同。二者之间的区别主要表现在:①反映经济内容的详细程度不同;②作用不同。总分类账提供的经济指标,是明细分类账资料的综合,对所属明细分类账起着统驭和控制作用;明细分类账是对有关总账的补充,起着辅助和补充说明作用。16.财务报表的信息质量要求有哪些?答:我国财政部颁布的《企业会计准则——基本准则》对财务报表所反映的会计信息质量提出了八项要求:(1)客观性要求。是指会计核算应当以实际发生的经济业务为依据,如实反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量。(2)相关性要求。是指企业提供约会计信息应当与财务会计报告使用者的经济决策需要相关,有助于财务会计报告使用者对企业过去。现在或者未来的情况作出评价或者预测。(3)明晰性要求。明晰性要求实质上是要实现财务报表的可理解性,即企业编制的财务会计报告要清晰明了,便于理解和利用。(4)可比性要求。是指企业的会计核算按照规定的会计处理方法进行,会计指标应当口径一致,相互可比。可比性要求包括纵向可比和横向可比两方面要求。(5)实质重于形式要求。是指企业应当按照交易或者事项的经济实质进行会计确认、计量和报告,不应仅以交易或者事项的法律形式为依据。(6)重要性要求。是指企业在会计核算过程中对交易或事项应当区别其重要程度,采用不 同的报告方式。具体来说,对于那些对企业的经济活动或会计信息的使用者相对重要的会计事项,应单独报告,分项反映,力求准确,并在会计报告中重点说明;而对于那些次要的会计事项,在不影响会计信息真实可靠的情况下,则可适当简化会计核算和报告手续,合并反映。(7)谨慎性要求。是指会计人员在对某些经济业务或会计事项存在不同的会计处理方法和程序可供选择时,在不影响合理选择的前提下,以尽可能选择不虚增利润和夸大所有者权益的会计处理方法和程序进行会计处理,要求合理核算和报告可能发生的损失和费用。(8)及时性要求。是指企业的会计核算应当及时进行,不得提前或延后,以保证会计信息的及时利用。17.什么是记账凭证?如何审核记账凭证?答:记账凭证是会计人员根据审核无误的原始凭证及有关资料,按照经济业务的内容加以归类、并确定会计分录而填制的、直接作为登记账簿依据的凭证。(2分)记账凭证审核的内容包括有:(1)内容是否真实记账凭证是否附有原始凭证,记账凭证的经济内容是否与所附原始凭证的内容相同、金额是否相等。(2分)(2)会计科目和金额是否正确审核记账凭证应借、应贷的会计科目(包括一级科目、明细科目)对应关系是否清晰、金额是否正确。(2分)(3)项目是否齐全记账凭证中的项目是否填制完整,日期、凭证编号、附件张数有关人员的签章是否齐全;摘要是否清楚。(2分)18.我国会计法律规范分为哪几个层次?各包含哪些主要内容?答:我国的会计法律规范包括会计法、会计行政法规、会计准则(制度)三个层次。(1分)(1)会计法是调整整个国民经济活动中会计关系的法律规范的总称。是一切会计法规的母法,在会计法体系中处于最核心的地位和最高的层次,是制定其他会计法规的依据和指导一切会计工作的准绳,具有普遍适用性和指导性的特点。(2分)(2)会计行政管理法规,包括会计行政法规、地方性会计法规和会计规章。(2分)(3)会计制度按会计主体不同分为企业会计制度和非企业会计制度两大类,前者规范企业的会计核算工作,后者规范非企业单位的会计核算工作。另外,会计准则是依据《会计法》制定的关于会计核算的规范。(2分)19.什么是平行登记?其要点是什么?答:所谓平行登记,就是对发生的每一项经济业务,一方面要在有关的总分类账户中进行总括登记,另一方面还要在其所属的有关明细账户中进行明细登记。 平行登记的要点有:(1)总分类账与明细分类账登记的依据相同;(2)总分类账与明细分类账登记的方向一致;(3)总分类账与明细分类账登记的金额相等。20.财务报表的种类有哪些?答:不同性质的会计主体,由于会计核算的具体内容和经济管理的要求不同,其财务报表的种类也不尽相向。对企业而言,可按照以下不同的标准将财务报表划分成不同的类别:(1)按经济内容分类。按财务报表反映内容的不同,可分为静态报表和动态报表。静态报表是指综合反映企业某一特定时点资产、负债和所有者权益情况的报表,如资产负债表;动态报表是指综合反映企业一定时期的经营情况、现金流动情况以及所有者权益变动情况的报表,如利润表、现金流量表和所有者权益变动表。(2)按编报时间分类。按财务报表编报时间的不同,可分为中报和年报。中报,即中期报表,是在年度中间的某一时期对外提供的财务报表。中期报表涵盖的时间短于一个会计年度,包括月报、季报和半年报。年报,即年度报表,是在年末编制的,按年度反映企业年末财务状况和年度内经营成果、现金流量的财务报表。一般而言,月报要求简明扼要,及时反映;年报要求揭示完整,反映全面;而季报和半年报在会计信息的详细程度方面,则介于两者之间。(3)按编制主体分类。按财务报表编制主体,可分为个别财务报表和合并财务报表,这种划分是在企业对外单位进行投资情况下,基于特殊财务关系而形成的。个别财务报表是指投资企业或接受投资企业编制的,只反映投资企业或接受投资企业本身的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表;合并财务报表是指投资企业在对外投资占被投资企业的资本总额半数以上(或者实质上拥有被投资企业控制权)的情况下,根据本企业和被投资企业的个别财务报表编制的,反映投资企业与被投资企业整体的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况的财务报表。21.什么是内部会计控制制度?其基本内容有哪些?答:内部会计控制制度,是指各单位根据国家会计法律、法规、规章、制度的规定,结合本单位经营管理和业务管理的特点和要求而制定的旨在规范单位内部会计管理活动的制度和办法。(4分)内部会计控制制度的基本内容具体包括内部会计控制体系,会计人员岗位责任制度,账务处理程序制度,内部牵制制度,计量验收制度,财产清查制度,财务收支审批制度,成本核算制度和财务会计分析制度。(4分)22.什么是会计账簿?其有何作用?有哪些种类? 答:会计账簿是按照会计科目开设的,由一定格式的账页组成,以记账凭证为依据,全面地、连续地、系统地、综合地记录企事业单位经济业务的簿籍。设置和登记账簿是会计工作的重要环节,也是会计信息处理的一个重要的专门方法。各单位通过设置和登记账簿,可以把分散在会计凭证上的大量核算资料,加以集中和归类整理,为编制财务报表提供重要依据。会计账簿在会计核算中的主要作用有:①通过登记会计账簿,可以把会计凭证所提供的资料归类汇总,形成集中的、系统的、全面的会计核算资料;②会计账簿是反映、监督经济活动,考核各部门经济责任的重要手段;③会计账簿为编制财务报表提供主要的数据资料。会计账簿形式多种多样,不同的会计账簿所登记的内容及登记的方法各不相同。我们可以按不同标准对会计账簿进行分类:①按其用途的不同可以分为序时账簿、分类账簿和备查账簿三种;②按其形式的不同可分为订本式账簿、活页式账簿和卡片式账簿;③按账页格式的不同可以分为三栏式账簿、多栏式账簿和数量金额式账簿等。23.什么是永续盘存制和实地盘存制?各有什么优缺点?各自适用于哪些存货?答:实地盘存制,又称“定期盘存制”。采用这种方法,平时根据会计凭证在有关账簿中只登记存货的增加数,不登记减少数,月末通过实地盘点,将盘点的实存数作为账面结存数,然后倒挤推算出本期发出数,将其计人账簿。采用实地盘存制,虽然平时能简化记账工作,但核算手续不严密,不能通过账簿随时反映和监督各项存货减少和结余情况,工作中如出现差错、毁损、被盗丢失等情况,均计入本期发出数,从而不利于发挥账簿记录对存货的控制作用,不利于加强存货的管理和保护财产的安全。因此,实地盘存制一般只适用于一些价值低、品种杂、进出频繁的材料物资。其他存货一般不宜采用实地盘存制。永续盘存制又称账面盘存制,是根据账簿记录,计算期末存货账面结存数量的一种存货核算方法。采用这种方法,对存货的增加和减少,平时都要在账簿中连续加以记录,并随时结出账面结存数。采用这种方法,虽然能在账簿中及时反映各项存货的增减变动及结存情况,但也有可能发生账实不符的情况。因此,也需要对各项存货进行实地盘点,以查明账实是否相符,以及账实不符的原因。采用永续盘存制,虽然加大了日常核算工作量,但手续严密,通过明细账簿可以随时了解存货的收入、发出和结存情况,有利于加强存货管理。因此,在实际工作中,除少数特殊情况外,一般都应采用永续盘存制。最新国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明:2022年春期电大把《管理英语4》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核,它共有八个单元自测 。针对该门课程,给出了每个单元自测的二套标准题库,在考试中可多次抽取试题,直至与其中的一套答案相近即可。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案,敬请查看。单元自测1第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Thisprojectistoobigformetofinishontime.选择一项:C.I’llgiveyouahand题目2—Ithinkthingshavebeenabitdifficultforusthelastcoupleofmonths.—__________.We’vebeenworkinghard,butstillgettingbehind.选择一项:A.You’reright题目3AT&Tfoundthatemployeeswithbetterplanninganddecision-makingskillswere______tobepromotedintomanagementjobs.选择一项:A.morelikely题目4TheHumanResourceManagingDepartmentatHondaisgivenspecificinstructions______employthebestpossibleworkers.选择一项:C.onhowto题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。WhoKilledNokia?  Nokiaexecutivesattemptedtoexplainitsfallfromthetopofthesmartphonepyramidwith threefactors:1)thatNokiawastechnicallyinferiortoApple,2)thatthecompanywascomplacentand3)thatitsleadersdidn’tseethedisruptiveiPhonecoming.  Ithasalsobeenarguedthatitwasnoneoftheabove.Nokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseofdivergentsharedfearsamongthecompany’smiddleandtopmanagerswhichledtocompany-wideinertiathatleftitpowerlesstorespondtoApple’sgame.  Basedonthefindingsofanin-depthinvestigationand76interviewswithtopandmiddlemanagers,engineersandexternalexperts,theresearchersdiscoveredacultureoffearduetotemperamentalleadersandthatfrightenedmiddlemanagerswerescaredoftellingthetruth.  Thefearthatfrozethecompanycamefromtwoplaces.First,thecompany’stopmanagershadaterrifyingreputation.SomemembersofNokia’sboardandtopmanagementweredescribedas“extremelytemperamental”andtheyregularlyshoutedatpeople“atthetopoftheirlungs”.Itwasverydifficulttotellthemthingstheydidn’twanttohear.Secondly,topmanagerswereafraidoftheexternalenvironmentandnotmeetingtheirquarterlytargets,whichalsoimpactedhowtheytreatedmiddlemanagers.  Topmanagersthusmademiddlemanagersafraidofdisappointingthem.Middlemanagersweretoldthattheywerenotambitiousenoughtomeettopmanagers’goals.  Fearingthereactionsoftopmanagers,middlemanagersremainedsilentorprovidedoptimistic,filteredinformation.Thus,middlemanagersdirectlyliedtotopmanagement.  Worse,acultureofstatusinsideNokiamadeeveryonewanttoholdontovestedpowerforfearofresourcesbeingallocatedelsewhereiftheydeliveredbadnewsorshowedthattheywerenotboldorambitiousenoughtoundertakechallengingassignments.  Beyondverbalpressure,topmanagersalsoappliedpressureforfasterperformanceinpersonnelselection.Thisledmiddlemanagerstooverpromiseandunderdeliver.Onemiddlemanagertoldusthat“youcangetresourcesbypromisingsomethingearlier,orpromisingalot.It’ssaleswork.”  Whilemodestfearmightbehealthyformotivation,abusingitcanbelikeoverusingadrug,whichrisksgeneratingharmfulsideeffects.Toreducethisrisk,leadersshouldcoordinatewiththevariedemotionsofthestaff.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhaveencouragedsafedialogue,internalcoordinationandfeedbacktounderstandthetrueemotionintheorganization.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.NokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseitstechnologyisnotasgoodasthatofApple. F2.Nokia’smiddlemanagerswerefranktotellthetruth,butthetoponesdidn’tlistentothem.F3.Nokia’stopmanagersweretoomoodytohearanythinggoodbutharsh.T4.MiddlemanagersinNokiadeliveredresultsmorethantheypromisedearlier.F5.Nokia’stopmanagersshouldhavehadbetterconversationtechniquestoencourageinternalcoordinationandtruth.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)—Couldyougiveusaspeechonmanagementfunctionssomedaythisweek?选择一项:C.I’dloveto,butI’mbusythisweek题目2—Wecouldletsomeofthestaffworkfromhome.________________?—That’sagoodidea.选择一项:B.Whatdoyouthinkofit题目3______hisangertheemployeescalledhimMr.Thunder,buttheylovedhim.选择一项:A.Dueto题目4Itisthroughenthusiasmandquietintensity______wetransformcreativityandvisionintothetechnologies.选择一项:A.that题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项:B.indicate 题目6二、听力理解:听录音,选择最佳答案(共50分)。操作提示:通过下拉选项框,选择答案。1.WhatkindofroleisMelindatakingonforherjob?C.Projectcoordinator.2.HowlongwillMelindabetrainedforhernewrole?B.Halfamonth.3.HowoftenshouldMelindareporttotheboardontheprogressoftheproject?A.Onceamonth.4.WhatkindofcontractcanMelindasignwithoutsidecontractors?B.Standardtemporary-workercontract.5.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtoMelinda’sresponsibilities?A.Formulatetheindustrystandardofpayment.单元自测2第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—____________________identifytheproblemsthathavebeenoccurring?—Well,asyouknow,theproblemswehadwithGarycausedalotoffrictionamongtheteam.选择一项:C.Areyouableto题目2—Ifyoucan’tsaywhatyou’vecometosayatthemeeting,what’sthepoint?—____________________,butIthinkyoumightneedtochangeyourapproachsomewhat.选择一项:B.Icanseethat题目3WhenthemessagefinallyreachedtheCommandCenter,it__________“mutated”tobecome—“Sendthreeandfour-pence,we’regoingtoadance.”选择一项:B.had 题目4EverytimeItriedtosaysomething,hewould______tosomethingelse.选择一项:B.moveon题目5Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。HabitsofHighlyEffectiveCommunicators  It’snosecretthatgoodleadersarealsogoodcommunicators.Indeed,communicationandleadershipareinextricablytied.Howcanyougalvanize,inspireorguideothersifyoudon’tcommunicateinaclear,credibleandauthenticway?Hereare5essentialcommunicationpracticesofeffectiveleaders:  1.Mindthesay-dogap.Trustisthebedrockofeffectiveleadership–yourbehaviorisyoursinglegreatestmodeofcommunication,anditmustbecongruentwithwhatyousay.Ifyouractionsdon’talignwithyourwords,youarestoringuptroubleforthefuture.  2.Makethecomplexsimple.Effectiveleadersdistillcomplexthoughtsandstrategiesintosimple,memorabletermsthatcolleaguesandcustomerscangraspandactupon.Themostimportantthingistoclarifywhatyouwanttosay,lookoutfortechnicaljargonandavoidbusinessspeak,whichaddcomplexity.Saywhatyoumeaninasfewwordsaspossible.  3.Findyourownvoice.Uselanguagethat’sdistinctlyyourown;letyourvaluescomethroughinyourcommunication.Correctuseoflanguageandgrammarareimportant,ofcourse,butdon’tbecomeoverlyfixatedoneloquenceforeloquence’ssake;concentrateonbeingdistinctandreal.Peoplewantreal,peoplerespectreal,peoplefollowreal.  4.BevisibleVisibilityisaboutlettingyourkeystakeholdersgetafeelforwhoyouareandwhatyoucareabout.Don’thidebehindacomputerandonlyinteractwithpeopleelectronically–seethemfacetofaceandvoicetovoice,andinteractwiththeminareal,substantialway.Intoday’senvironment,wherepeopleareoftenburnedout,it’simportantforemployeestohave apersonalconnectionwithyouandtheworkyoubelievein.Showthepeoplethatworkforyouthatyou’reengagedandthatyoucareaboutthemandtheirwork.  5.Listenwithyoureyesaswellasyourears.Effectivecommunicationisatwo-wayprocess,andgoodleadersknowhowtoaskgoodquestions,andthenlistenwithboththeireyesandtheirears.Becauseyouareinapositionofauthority,othersmaybereluctanttoexpresstheirrealopinionstoyoudirectly.Youwon’talwaysgetdirectfeedback,soyouneedtoalsobeabletoreadbetweenthelinesandlookforthenon-verbalcues.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Communicationandleadershipdon’talwaysgohandinhand.F2.Thesay-dogaphappenswhenpeoplemisunderstandtheirleader’sintention.F3.Usingtechnicaljargonmakesaleaderconvincing.F4.Communicatingsincerelyisalwaysthebest.T5.Observationisasimportantascommunicationwhenyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplereallythink.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Howdidyourmeetinggoyesterday?—____________________actually,itwasreallyfrustrating.选择一项:A.Notsogood题目2—Howcanyouexplainthelatestsituation?—____________________,Iknowitisallmyfault.选择一项:A.Sorry题目3Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项:C.issuffering 题目4Ithinktheprimary______factoristhere’sbeensomuchabsencelately.选择一项:A.contributing题目5He’sleftnow,butproductivityhasn’t______thatmuch.选择一项:C.pickedup题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。WhatWeHaveHere:AFailuretoCommunicate  Itistheweirdething.Therearemorewaysthanevertocommunicatewithpeople,yetitsometimesseemslikeitismoredifficulttoconnect—andstayconnected—withanyone.  Shouldyoushootoffanemail?Tapoutatext?PostaprivatemessageonFacebook?WriteontheirFacebookwall?Skype,poke,pingorconjurethemuponadigitaltincanphone?  Andonceyoureachsomeone,youwonder:Ishepayingattention?Howdoyouknow?Evenwiththetechno-easeofcountlesscommunicationdevices,conversationscanstillbetroublesome.Questionsareaskedandansweredoutoforder.Instructionsanddirectionsgohalf-read.Meetingsarebotched.Feelingsarehurt.单元自测3第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—WillyouhelpmearrangeameetingwithMr.Brown,please?选择一项:C.SorryIcan’t.Ihavetofinishmyprojectrightnow. 题目3IfItakethetimetotalkwithmymanageratthebeginningofaproject,we______offtoagreatstartonthesamepage.选择一项:A.canget题目4IbelievethatIhavealottocontribute______ateamenvironment,andamcomfortableinbothleadershipandplayerroles.选择一项:A.to题目5Theteamcreatesanenvironment______peoplearecomfortableincommunicating,advocatingpositions,andtakingaction.选择一项:C.inwhich题目6阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。TipsforTeamBuilding  Whenyouthinkofteambuilding,doyouimmediatelypictureyourgroupoffataresortplayinggamesorhangingfromropes?Traditionally,manyorganizationsapproachteambuildinginthiswaybut,then,theywonderwhythatwonderfulsenseofteamworkthathadbeendisplayedattheretreatortheseminarfailstoimpactlongtermbeliefsandactionsbackatwork.  I’mnotaversetoretreats,planningsessions,seminarsandteambuildingactivities—infactIleadthem—buttheyhavetoformpartofamuchlargerteamworkeffort.Youwillnotbuildteamworkby“retreating”asagroupforacoupleofdayseachyear,insteadyouneedtothinkofteambuildingassomethingyoudoeverysingleday.  •Formteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocesses.Providetraininginsystematicmethodssotheteamexpendsitsenergyontheproject,notontryingtoworkouthowtoworktogetherasateamtoapproachtheproblem.  •Holddepartmentmeetingstoreviewprojectsandprogress,toobtainbroadinput,andtocoordinatesharedworkprocesses.Ifthereisfrictionbetweenteammembers,examinethework processestheymutuallyown—theproblemisnotusuallytheirpersonalities;instead,itisoftenthefactthattheteammembershaven’tagreedonhowtheywilldeliveraproductorservice,orthestepsrequiredtogetsomethingdone.  •Buildfunandsharedoccasionsintotheorganization’sagenda—holdpotlucklunches,taketheteamtoasportingevent,sponsordinnersatalocalrestaurant,gohikingorgotoanamusementpark.Holdamonthlycompanymeeting,sponsorsportsteamsandencouragecheeringteamfans.  •Useicebreakersandteamworkexercisesatmeetings—thesehelpteammembersgettoknoweachother,sharedetailsabouteachotherslives,andhavealaughtogether.  •Celebrateteamsuccessespublicly.Therearemanywaysyoucoulddothis,forinstancebybuyingeveryonethesameT-shirtorhat,puttingteammembernamesinadrawforcompanymerchandiseandgiftcertificates.Theonlythinglimitingyouisyourimagination.  Ifyoudothetypesofteamworkbuildinglistedabove,you’llbeamazedattheprogressyouwillmakeincreatingateamworkculture,aculturethatenablesindividualstocontributemorethantheyeverthoughtpossible—together.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Teambuildingeventistraditionallyrelatedtoplayinggamesatresort.T2.Theauthorclaimsthatplayinggamestogetherisasimportantasformteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocessesforteambuilding.F3.“Retreat”inthefirstparagraphmeanswithdrawaloftroopsafteradefeat.F4.Icebreakingmotivatesteammemberscompetewitheachother.F5.Agoodteamworkcultureenablesindividualsmakemoreeffortstogether.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项:C.Don’tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—CouldIborrowyouriPadforafewhours?选择一项: B.Sure,hereyouare.Enjoyyourtime.题目3Regularandconcretefeedbackisimportant______whoisnotperforminguptoherpotential.选择一项:B.whendealingwithaworker题目4Teammembersare______asuniquepeoplewithirreplaceableexperiences,pointsofview,andknowledgetocontribute.选择一项:B.viewed题目5Inhighschool,Iamequallycomfortable______asamemberofateamandindependently.选择一项:B.working题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。ATeamworkGame  Ateamofabout35employeeshadcometogetherforateambuildingevent.Theywereayoung,brightandenthusiasticteam.However,oneoftheirchiefproblemswasthefactthattheywouldn’tshareinformationorsolutionswitheachother,andtheteamleaderthoughttheyweretoofocusedonthemselvesandnotontheteam.Asaresult,shebroughtthemallintothecafeteria.Allofthetablesandchairshadbeenstoredaway,andfundecorationsandhundredsofdifferentcoloredballoonshadbeenplacedaroundtheroom.  Inthecenteroftheroomwasabigboxofballoonsthathadn’tbeenblownupyet.Theteamleaderinstructedeverybodytopickaballoon,blowitup,andwritetheirnameonit,buttheyhadtobecarefulnottobursttheballoon.  Althoughtheyweregivenasecondchanceiftheirfirstballoonpopped,theywereoutofthegamethesecondtimeround.Intheend,about30teammemberswrotetheirnameswithouttheirballoonspopping.Theywerethenaskedtoleavetheroomand,afterfiveminutes,theteamleaderbroughtthembackinandaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.After15minutesofsearching,noonehadfoundtheirballoon, andtheteamweretoldthattheywerethengoingtomoveontothethirdroundoftheactivity.  Inthisround,eachteammemberwasinstructedtofindanyballoonwithanameonitandthengivethatballoontothepersonwhosenamewasonit.Withintwominutes,everybodyhadtheirownballoon.Theteamleadersummarizedtheactivitythus:“Wearemuchmoreefficientwhenwearewillingtosharewitheachotherandmuchbetteratproblemsolvingwhenweareworkingtogether,notindividually.”  Sometimes,membersofteamscreateobstaclesbyfocusingsolelyontheirownpursuitsandgoals.Everymemberoftheteamshouldaskthemselvesonaregularbasiswhattheyaredoingandwhattheycandofortheteam.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.ThisteambuildingeventwasaimedatB.makingtheteammembersknowhowtoshareinformationorsolutionsandcooperatewitheachother2.ThiseventwasheldinA.aself-servicerestaurant3.Abouthowmanyteammemberswereoutofthesecondroundoftheactivity?C.5.4.Whichstatementbelowiscorrect?C.Inthethirdround,everybodyhadtheirownballoonwithhelpfromotherswithin2minutes.5.Whatwastheeventgoingtoteachtheseemployees?A.Sharingandcooperatingwithotherteammembersismoreefficientwhentheyareworkingtogether.单元自测4第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目2—DoyoumindifIusevoucherstospendinarestaurant? 选择一项:B.Notatall.Goahead.题目3Theleader______atcreatingopportunitiestoproviderewards,recognitionandthankstohisorherstaff.选择一项:C.excels题目4______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Humanresourcessupportedtheproposalofgivingthebusinessintelligenceapayincentiveeverythreemonthsatthebeginning.F2.BradfromhumanresourcessupportsScott’sidea.T3.CarlottaisthemanagerofHRD.F4.Menandwomeninthebusinessintelligenceteamwhohavebeenselectedtogettheprizewillreceivethesamerewardingthings.F5.Theprize-winnercannotchoosetheprizethatcostsmorethan$500.7.Theprize-winnercanonlyhavematerialawardsandnodayoff.T第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Wow!Thisisafantasticproject!I’veneverknownyou’resocreative.选择一项:C.Thanksforyourcompliments.题目2—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项:A.That’sveryniceofyou题目3______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项:C.Beingableto题目4Companiesare______interestedinyoursoftskills______theyareinyourhardskills.选择一项:B.as…as…题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项:A.however题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowGoogleContinuestoKeepEmployeesHappy  WorkingforGoogleisadreamofmany,notjustbecauseofwhatthiscompanyhasachievedinthelast15years,butbecauseofitsenviableworkculture.Withabout37,000employeesin40countries,youmightwonderhowGooglemaintainsamotivatingworkexperiencethroughoutitsentirecompany.  WorkingforGooglecomeswithperksthatmostotherorganizationscan’tprovide–bowlingalleys,freehaircuts,gymmemberships,andshuttlestoandfromwork.Thecompany’ssecrettosuccessisputtingthesameamountoftimeandeffortintokeepingemployeeshappyasitdoesintoinnovatingproducts.   Backwhenthecompanywasjustastart-up,co-foundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinhadthegoalofmakingGoogleaplacethemosttalentedpeoplewantedtoworkat.Theirideawassimple:creatingaworkculturethatkeepsemployeeshappywillmotivatethemtodotheirbestandwillkeepthemloyaltothecompany.  “It’slessabouttheaspirationtobeNo.1intheworld,andmorethatwewantouremployeesandfutureonestoloveithere,becausethat’swhat’sgoingtomakeussuccessful,”saidKarenMay,theVicePresidentofpeopledevelopmentatGoogle.  Googlealsomakesitsemployeeswanttoworkbecausemanagersprovidetasksthatareinspiringandchallenging.EveryemployeeatGooglehastheopportunitytospend20%ofhisorherworkingtimeonaprojecttheychoose.Thisfreedomtakesemployeesoutoftheirroutineandawayfromthemundanetasksthatoftenmakeworkersfeeluninspiredabouttheirjobs.  Lastly,Googleshowseachemployeejusthowimportantheorsheistothecompany.Eachemployee,regardlessofherspotonthetotempole,hasaninfluenceonhowGoogleperforms.  “Ifyouvaluepeople,andcareaboutthemaswholepeople,onethingyoudoisgivingthemavoice,andyoureallylisten,”Maysaid.  GoogledoesjustthatbyhostingemployeeforumseveryFriday,wheretheydiscussthe20most-askedquestions.Employeeshaveaccesstoallcompanyinformation,addingasenseoftrust,andemployeesandleadersworktogethertosolveproblems.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.HowwouldyoudescribeGoogle?B.Largeglobalenterprises2.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtothemethodsthatGooglemotivateitsemployees?A.PromotingtheemployeewhohasmoreinfluenceonGooglethehigherjobposition.3.WhofoundedGoogle?A.LarryPageandSergeyBrin4.IfyouareanormalemployeeofGoogle,whatcouldyoudoEXCEPT?B.Onlyworkfortheprojectyouchoose.5.WhatisGoogle’ssecrettosuccess?C.Valuingthehappinessofitsemployeesasmuchasinnovatinggoodproducts.单元自测5第一套 一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Whydidn’tyoucometomybirthdaypartyyesterday?选择一项:B.Sorry,butmywifehadacaraccident.题目3Myleathershoescostme________thelastpairsIbought.选择一项:C.threetimesasmuchas题目4Theworkmenwantto________thenumberofworkinghoursandtoincreasepay.选择一项:B.decrease题目5Lindawalkedatthehead,________byhercolleagues.选择一项:A.followed题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。PerformanceManagementandPerformanceAppraisal  Performancemanagementaimstoacknowledgeemployeeachievements,supporttheirpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment,andmotivateandempowerthemtoperformtheirworkeffectively.Performancemanagementhelpsemployeestodeveloptheirunderstanding,knowledgeandskillssothattheycancontributetotheachievementoftheenterprise’sgoalsandgainpersonalandjobsatisfaction.Itisavitalpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.  Everyenterprisewantsandshouldexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.Theelementsofacompetency-basedperformancemanagementsystemwill,ifimplementedwell,enablehigh performancewhichwilldefineenterpriseandpersonalsuccess.Usingperformancemanagementprocesses,anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallenges.Thisisdoneby:  ●identifyingthecriticalpositions  ●determiningthemostimportantcompetenciesforthosepositions  ●providingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees  ●holdingeachpersonaccountablefortheirresults  Thekeytotheperformancemanagementprocessis‘performanceappraisal’.Performanceappraisalissimplyanevaluationofhowwellanemployeeperformshisorherjobcomparedtoasetofpredeterminedstandards.Itisasystematicprocessoffeedbackonanemployee’sworkperformance,andagreementtofuturetrainingplans,jobgoalsandjobaspirations.  Tobeeffective,aperformanceappraisalneedstohaveasetofagreedcriteriathatwillbethebasisoffeedbackaswellasofsettingfuturegoals.Unitsofcompetencyprovideaveryeffectivetoolforsettingbenchmarksorcriteriaforworkperformance.Theperformancecriteriawithinunitsofcompetencycanbeusedasmeasurestoassessagainstinaperformanceappraisalorreview.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.Performancemanagementisaveryimportantpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.T2.Theaimofperformancemanagementistopunishtheunqualifiedemployees.F3.Anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallengesbyprovidingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees,forexample.T4.Everyenterprisecanexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.F5.“Performancemanagement”isalsocalled“performanceappraisal”.F第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项:C.Idon’tthinkso.It’snotyourfault.题目2—Over-the-top?Youmean…选择一项: A.Well,sometimesyourco-workersfeelthatyouaretooloud.题目3Theyhavecometotheconclusion________thiswinterwillbeevencolderthanbefore.选择一项:A.that题目4Pleaseaskthesolicitorwhathis________wouldbetotakethecasetocourt.选择一项:B.fee题目5Achild’scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhishome________.选择一项:B.environment题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowtoHandleaBadPerformanceReview  Gettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopeless.Butit’snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong,youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature,adultmanner.Herearesomesuggestions:  Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially,donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besides,thepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.  WhattoDoWhenReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  It’sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.  WhattoDoAfterReceivingaBadPerformanceReview  Don’tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.Itisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththe bedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.  WaystoImproveaBadPerformanceReview  Awaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Staycalmandlistencarefully.2.Whatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Learnfromthereview.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudonotagreewiththebadperformancereview?B.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.4.HowdoyouimproveabadperformancereviewA.Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.5.Whyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?B.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.单元自测6第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Whichofthesehatsdoyouwant?—_______.Eitherwilldo.选择一项:A.Idon’tmind题目2—Ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,nooneelsewill.—_____.Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项: C.Icouldn’tagreemore题目3Redundancyhappenswhenemployeesneedto_____theirworkforce.Andasaresult,someonegetsdismissedfromwork.选择一项:C.reduce题目4Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  OnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzed(瘫痪)fromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofdisabilitywithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe“haves”tothe“have-nots”.Orsowethought.  Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusethemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith“funny”ifweneedalaugh,ortothe“disabled”boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou. 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—CanIhavethreedaysoffnextweek,Mr.Smith?—_____.Icanmanagewithoutyou.选择一项:B.Ofcourse题目2—I’mgoingtoBeijingforafewdays.—_______.IwishIcouldgowithyou.选择一项:C.Ireallyenvyyou题目3Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项:B.shouldbetouched题目4All_____glitters(闪闪发光)isnotgold.选择一项:A.that题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项:B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,判断正误(共50分)。JackWelchLeadingOrganizationalChangeatGE  WhenJackWelch,theChairmanandCEOatGeneralElectric(GE)retiredin2001,hecouldlookbackataverysuccessfulcareer.HebecameCEOin1981attheageof45.Atthattime,GEhadaverycomplexorganizationalstructurewithconsiderablybureaucraticrules.  Oneofhisfirstchangeswastoinitiateastrategyformulationprocesswiththeguideline thateachofthebusinessesshouldbenumber1or2intheirrespectiveareas.Ifthiswasnotthecase,managershadtheoptionsoffixingtheproblem,sellingtheirparticularbusiness,orclosingit.Inanefforttostreamlinetheorganization,Welchremovedthesectorlevelandeliminatedthousandsofsalariedandhourlyemployeepositions.  TherestructuringwasfollowedbychangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.OnesuchprogramwastheWork-Out(群策群力).Groupsofmanagerswereassembledtosharetheirviewsopenlyinthree-daysessions.Atthebeginningofthemeetings,thesuperiorpresentedthechallengesforhisorherorganizationalunit.Thenthesuperiorhadtoleave,requestingthegroupstofindsolutionstotheproblems.Facilitators(会议主持人)helpedthesediscussions.Onthelastday,thesuperiorwaspresentedwithproposedsolutions.Heorshethenhadthreechoices:toaccepttheproposal,nottoacceptit,ortocollectmoreinformation.Thisprocessputgreatpressureonthesuperiortomakedecisions.  AnotherprogramtoimproveeffectivenessandefficiencywasBestPractices.Theaimwastolearnfromothercompanieshowtheyobtainedcustomersatisfaction,howtheyrelatedtotheirsuppliers,andinwhatwaystheydevelopednewproducts.ThishelpedtheGEpeopletofocusontheprocessesintheiroperationsthatwouldimprovethecompany’sperformance.  JackWelchwaspersonallyinvolvedindevelopingmanagersatGE’strainingcenterinCrotonville.Leaders,Welchsuggested,arenotonlythosewhoachieveresultsbutalsothosewhosharethevaluesofthecompany.操作提示:正确选T,错误选F。1.JackWelchretiredattheageof65.T2.JackWelchinsistedthateachofthebusinessesshouldbeatleastnumber3intheirrespectivearea.F3.IfthebusinesscouldnotmeetWelch’schangerequirements,itsmanagerhad3choices.T4.TherestructuringwentbeforechangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE’smanagers.T5.TheWorkOutlastedaweek.F单元自测7第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1 —Terriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourdictionary?—Yes,______________.选择一项:A.ofcourse题目2—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目3Allthe_____guestsareseatedinthefrontrow.选择一项:C.distinguished题目4______onthehilltop,youcouldenjoythesceneryofthecitybathedinthesun.选择一项:A.Standing题目5______theimportanceofEnglish,weshouldputmoreeffortintoitandtrytolearnitwell.选择一项:A.Given题目6二、听力理解:听录音,判断正误(共50分)。请听录音:操作提示:正确选“T”,错误选“F”。1.Twodifferentcorporateculturesarediscussedinthedialog.T2.Melinda’scompanyalsohasacreativeculture.F3.AccordingtoJack,theimportantthingistohiretherightemployeesinthefirstplace.T4.Inacreativecultureteamworkisnotencouraged.F5.Acreativecultureisbetterthanacollaborativeculture.F 第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Haveyoualreadypaid?What’smyshareofthebill?—_________.Itwasn’tverymuch.选择一项:C.Don’tworryaboutit题目2—TheAutoShowintheCityStadiumhasbeencanceled.—Oh,no!_________选择一项:A.Whatapity!题目3Thereason_____hewasabsentfromclassyesterdaywasthathewasillandhospitalized.选择一项:B.why题目4Compared______English,Chineseisgenerallybelievedtobemoredifficulttolearn.选择一项:A.with题目5Whatcanweexpect____him?选择一项:B.from题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。  Whatismuseum?Amuseumisagoodplacetokeepoldandbeautifulthings.Amuseummaybeaplacetolearnaboutscience.AmuseumcanbeaplaceaboutartofIndiansoranimals.Whatisinsideamuseum?Somemuseumshaveoldcarsandairplanes.Manymuseumshavepicturesandstatues(雕像).Othershaverocksandoldbones.Onemuseumevenhasacoalmineinside!Many citieshavemuseums.Someverysmalltownshavemuseums,too.Indianapolishasachildren’smuseum.Childrendonothavetopaytogetin.Childrengotothemuseumoften.Theyliketolookatthedinosaurbones.Theyseeawhitebeartenfeettall.Theygoinsideanoldlogcabin(小木屋).OnSaturday,Indianapolischildrencanheartalksaboutanimalsandtrees.Theyseemovies.单元自测8第一套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyoudon’t.—____________________Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项:C.Icouldn’tagreemore.题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3please______yourhandifyouhaveanyquestionatall.选择一项:A.raise题目4We________withachievement.选择一项:B.areobsessed题目5Whenpeoplearesurroundedby______communicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.选择一项:B.constant题目6 二、阅读理解:根据文章内容,完成选择题(共50分)。HowDoYouCreateaCultureofInnovation?  Haveyounoticedthecourageburiedinthewordencourage?Tocreateacultureinwhichinnovationflourishestakescourage.Determinedinnovatorsarealwayscourageousenoughtoestablishacultureinwhichinnovationisgreatlyencouragedandrewarded.Herearethreewaystodothat.  Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Thinkofinnovationstrategyasapyramid:bigbetsatthetop,afewprojectsindevelopmentinthemiddle,andabroadbaseofcontinuousimprovements,lastingcontributions,andearly-stagenewideasatthebottom.  Definejobsaroundinnovation.Makeitajobprerequisite.Consider3M’smovetobecomeoneofthefirstcompaniestotellprofessionalsthattheycouldspend15percentoftheirtimeonprojectsoftheirownchoosing.Nowmanyhigh-techcompaniesknowthattheycan’tgetthebesttalentwithoutprovidingthiskindofflexibility.Andsomeofthoseself-selected,self-organizedprojectsmightevenresultinablockbusterproductorlineofbusiness.For3M,itwasthePost-itnote.  Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Tobuildacultureofcreativityandinnovation,Gillettedevelopedaninnovationfairinwhicheveryunitcouldshowoffitsmostpromisingnewconcepts.Itshowsthateveryonehasaroletoplayinacultureofinnovation.  Togofromideatosuccessfulinnovationrequiresagreatdealofsupportandcollaboration.Whenpeoplearesurroundedbyconstantcommunicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.操作提示:通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatisnecessaryincreatinginnovationculture?B.courage2.Howdoes3Mcreateitsinnovationculture?B.definejobsaroundinnovation.3.Thewordprerequisitein“Makeitajobprerequisite”meansA.requiredasapriorcondition4.HowdoesGillettecreateitsinnovationculture?C.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany. 5.TheformationfromideatoinnovationneedsC.supportandcooperation第二套一、选择填空题(每题10分,共5题)题目1—It’saboutasuccessfulbusinessman’smanagementexperience,isn’tit?选择一项:B.That’sright!题目2—I’dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项:B.I’llmakesureyougetone.题目3______wecan’tcompeteintermsofsizeIdobelieveweholdanadvantageintermsofdedicationtocustomerservice.选择一项:C.Although题目4Thekey______successfulimplementationisclearlycommunicatingthestrategytothewholecompany.选择一项:A.to题目5Weneed________communicationskills:listencarefully,thinkbeforeyouspeakandmanageconflictsdiplomatically.选择一项:A.outstanding题目6二、完型填空(共50分)操作提示:通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。   ThiseveningImetafriendatalocalbar.Shebroughtherlaptopalongsoshecouldshowmesomeofherlatestdigitalartdesigns.Aswelookedthroughherartwork,thelaptopsuddenlystartedmakinganunhealthynoise,thenthescreentwinkledonandoffandthencutoffcompletely.Andaswebothstaredatoneanothersurprisingly,theterriblesmelloffriedcomputercircuitsappeared.  Igrabbedthelaptopoffthebartoinspectitandtheprobleminstantlyaroseitself.Thebottomofthelaptopwascompletelywetandempty,spiltwaterglassrestedagainstthesideofherpursejustbehindwherethelaptopwassitting.Whilewewerechattingandshiftingthelaptop’s17inchscreenbackandforth,wesomehowspiltaglassofwaterthatthewaiterhadinadvertently(无意地)placedbehindthescreen,whichwasoutofourview.  Whenlifethrowsidsometroubleslikethis,ittypicallydoesn’tmakeanysensetous,andournaturalemotionalreactionmightgetextremelyupsetatthetopofourlungs.Buthowdoesthishelpourdilemma?Obviously,itdoesn’t.  Thesmartestandhardestthingwecandointhesekindsofsituationsistobemoretemperedinourreaction.You’dbemuchwiserandmoredisciplinedthanscreamextremely.Youshouldrememberthatemotionalrageonlymakesmattersworse.Andpleaserememberthatonceithappens,thatwillgiveusanopportunitytogrowstronger.  Everydifficultmomentinourlivesisaccompaniedbyanopportunityforpersonalgrowthandcreativity.Butinordertoattainthisgrowthandcreativity.  Wemustfirstlearntocontrolouremotions.Wemustrecognizethatdifficultiespasslikeeverythinginourlife.